A new wriggler of Eleotrid (Teleostei: Xenisthmidae) from Taiwan.

A new wriggler of genus Xenisthmus was collected from Taitung and Pingtung Counties, Taiwan, while using SCUBA diving of coral reef fish survey. The new species, Xenisthmus nigrolateralis, can be well distinguished from other congeners by the following unique combination of features: (1) fins: second dorsal fin rays I/13; anal fin rays I/13; pectoral fin rays16; (2) squamation: longitudinal scale series 68-70; perdorsal scales 23; (3) vertebral count 10+16=26; (4) preopercular canal present with rather more, 5 pores γ1, γ, δ, ε, and ε1 and (5) specific colouration: lateral side with broad, deep brown stripe from rear of lateral gill opening to caudal fin base, and caudal fin with median blackish brown mark, and upper and lower regions translucent, the base with a vertical black bar. The comparison of other congeners would be also discussed in this paper.

Morphology of the first three zoeal stages of the deep-sea caridean shrimp Heterocarpus fascirostratus Yang, Chan & Kumar, 2018 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pandalidae).

The larvae of the deep-sea pandalid shrimp Heterocarpus fascirostratus Yang, Chan & Kumar, 2018 were successfully hatched and cultured to the third zoeal stage. The larvae reached the third zoeal stage nine days after hatching at a water temperature of 21 ± 1 °C. Although members of Heterocarpus A. Milne-Edwards, 1881 have rather diverse body forms and are often separated into many species groups, the early zoeal morphology of H. fascirostratus follows the general developmental pattern of the species in Heterocarpus. The main differences amongst these larvae are body size, spines on the anteroventral margin of the carapace, and the endopod setation of the third maxilliped.

Description of the First Zoea of the Cavernicolous Crab Karstama boholano (Ng, 2002) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Sesarmidae) from Taiwan, with Notes on Ecology.

This study presents a rare sesarmid cavernicolous crab, Karstama boholano (Ng, 2002), from Taiwan. This genus and species are both new to Taiwan. We describe the diagnostic characteristics of the Taiwanese specimen and provide illustrations of the adult and first zoea, as well as photographs of an adult in its natural habitat. The identity was confirmed by the COI gene sequence and morphological data. In addition, the zoeal morphology and breeding ecology of the genus Karstama Davie and Ng, 2007 are reported for the first time.

First zoeal stage of Plesionika crosnieri Chan Yu, 1991, P. ortmanni Doflein, 1902, and P. semilaevis Bate, 1888, with remarks on the early larvae of Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Crustacea, Decapoda).

The morphology of first stage zoea larvae of three pandalid shrimps Plesionika crosnieri Chan Yu, 1991, P. ortmanni Doflein, 1902, and P. semilaevis Bate, 1888 are described for the first time from larvae obtained in laboratory culture. The zoea I is compared amongst those species of the genus Plesionika with larval morphology known. It is found that the length of the rostrum, the number of anteroventral denticles on the carapace, presence of exopodal setae in the maxillule, and setation pattern of the peduncle of antennule, endopod of antenna, and coxa/basis of maxillipeds are useful characters in distinguishing these larvae.

A Survey on 578 Clinical Nurses'Knowledge and Skills and Cognition of Rehabilitation Nursing in Seven Hospitals in Yunnan Province / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To provide suggestions on how to improve the ability of rehabilitation nursing by investigating the current situation of clinical nurses' knowledge, skills and cognition of rehabilitation nursing and analyzing the influential factors. Methods According to the cross-sectional survey method, a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the clinical nurses' current status of knowledge and skills, cognition of rehabilitation nursing.Totally 278 nurses from 7 hospitals were included in this study. Results The scores of clinical nurses' knowledge, skeills and cognition of rehabilitation nursing were 11.13 ±3.29 and 33.27 ±3.92. Variables associated with the scores of the rehabilitation nursing are age, nursing professional title, work duration, and degree of education. Conclusion The clinical nurses had positive attitude on rehabilitation,but their knowledge and skill were insufficient. Measures should be taken to improve nurses'ability of rehabilitation nursing.

Larval development to the first eighth zoeal stages in the deep-sea caridean shrimp Plesionika grandis Doflein, 1902 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pandalidae).

The larvae of the deep-sea pandalid shrimp Plesionika grandis Doflein, 1902 were successfully reared in the laboratory for the first time. The larvae reached the eighth zoeal stage in 36 days, both of which are longest records for the genus. Early larval stages of P. grandis bear the general characters of pandalid shrimps and differ from the other two species of Plesionika with larval morphology known in the number of spines on the anteroventral margin of carapace, number of tubercles on antennule, endopod segmentation in antenna, and third maxilliped setation. Although members in Plesionika are often separated into species groups, members of the same species group do not necessarily have similar early larval morphology. Since the zoea VIII of P. grandis still lacks pleopods and fifth pereiopod, this shrimp likely has at least 12 zoeal stages and a larval development of 120 days.

Redescription of the early larval stages of the pandalid shrimp Chlorotocus crassicornis (Decapoda: Caridea: Pandalidae).

The first four larval stages of the pandalid shrimp Chlorotocus crassicornis (A. Costa, 1871) are described and illustrated from laboratory-reared material obtained from ovigerous females collected in the southwestern Spain and south Taiwan. The second to fourth larval stages of this species are reported for the first time to science. Detailed examination of the first larval stages reveals that previous description misidentified some key larval characters which have prevented its identification in plankton samples. It is found that the zoeal morphology of Chlorotocus is not very different from other pandalid larvae, and in fact closely resembles Plesionika and Heterocarpus.

First stage zoeal morphology of four ghost crabs Ocypode ceratophthalmus (Pallas, 1772), O. cordimanus Latreille, 1818, O. sinensis Dai, Song & Yang, 1985 and O. stimpsoni Ortmann, 1897 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae).

Light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the first zoeal stage of four ghost crabs, Ocypode ceratophthalmus (Pallas, 1772), O. cordimanus Latreille, 1818, O. sinensis Dai, Song & Yang, 1985 and O. stimpsoni Ortmann, 1897. Finding diagnostic characters to distinguish between the four species proved difficult because their setal appendage patterns were identical. However the rectangular and pockmarked patterns on the ventral carapace are rather pronounced in O. ceratophthalmus and O. stimpsoni but weak in O. cordimanus and O. sinensis. The spinulation on the furca of the telson is less in O. cordimanus than in the other three species.

Morphology of the first zoeal stage of three deep-water pandalid shrimps, Heterocarpus abulbus Yang, Chan & Chu, 2010, H. hayashii Crosnier, 1988 and H. sibogae De Man, 1917 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea).

The eggs of three deep-sea pandalid shrimps Heterocarpus abulbus, H. hayashii and H. sibogae are successfully hatched in the laboratory. The first zoeal stage of these shrimps are described, with those of H. abulbus and H. hayashii being reported for the first time. First zoeae of different Heterocarpus species can be distinguished by the spination at the anteroventral carapace, body size, rostral length and appendage setation.