ABSTRACT
Background: Laparoscopic surgery has been in great demand over the past decades; it has also brought several obstacles, such as increasing difficulty in maintaining hemostasis, changes in surgical approach, and reduced field of vision. Locating the bleeding point can help surgeons to control bleeding quickly, however, to date, there have been no tools designed for automatic bleeding tracking in laparoscopic operations. Herein, we have proposed a spatiotemporal hybrid model based on a faster region-based convolutional neural network (RCNN) for bleeding point detection in laparoscopic surgery videos. Methods: Laparoscopic videos performed at our hospital were retrieved and images containing bleeding events were extracted. Spatiotemporal features were extracted by using red-green-blue (RGB) frames and optical flow maps and a spatiotemporal hybrid model was developed based on the faster RCNN. The proposed model contributed to (I) providing real-time bleeding point detection which directly assist surgeons, (II) showing the blood's optical flow which improved bleeding point detection, and (III) detecting both arterial and venous bleeding. Results: In this study, 12 different bleeding videos were included for deep learning model training. Compared with models containing a single RGB or a single optical flow map, our model combining RGB and optical flow achieved great detection results (precision rate of 0.8373, recall rate of 0.8034, and average precision of 0.6818). Conclusions: Our approach performs well in bleeding point location and recognition, indicating its potential value in helping to maintain and re-establish hemostasis during operations.
ABSTRACT
Two new species of the genus Crossodonthina (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae: Lobellini) are recorded from Mangshan National Nature Reserve, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province and Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, Guangdong Province, Central-South China. Crossodonthina clavata sp. nov. is characterized by 3+3 uncolored eyes on head; labral chaetotaxy as 0/2, 2; cephalic chaeta O present; cephalic tubercles Dl, L and So fused each other; mandible with 4 basal teeth and five fringed rami; maxilla with two lamellae and each lamella with two apical teeth. Crossodonthina acuminata sp. nov. can be recognized by 3 black eyes per side on head; mandible with 3 basal teeth and 8 rami; all cephalic tubercles independent, chaeta O on tubercle Fr present; cephalic tubercle Di, De on posterior area of head with 2 chaetae each, intermediate between cross and non-cross type chaetotaxy; tubercle De of Th. I with 3(2) chaetae; furcular remnant without chaeta. It is the first record of Neanuridae species from Mangshan National Nature Reserve.
Subject(s)
Arthropods , Animals , China , Eye , Forests , HeadABSTRACT
Four species of the tribe Lobellini (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae) are recorded from Langshan National Geopark, Hunan Province, Central-South China. Two of them, Crossodonthina langshanensis sp. nov. and Lobellina gladius sp. nov., are new to science and described in this paper. Crossodonthina langshanensis sp. nov. is characterized by 2+2 black eyes on head; labral chaetotaxy as 2/4, 2; cephalic chaeta O present; mandible with 2 teeth and 2 fringed rami; maxilla outer lamella with filaments on inner edge. Lobellina gladius sp. nov. can be recognized by mandible with six teeth, cephalic chaeta O present and included in tubercle Fr, non-cross type chaetotaxy on cephalic posterior area, cephalic lateral tubercle Dl, L and So independent, Ant. I with 9 chaetae, Th. I with 4+4 tubercles, VT with 6-8 (usually 7) chaetae. New localities of Crossodonthina choui Jiang Zhang, 2012 and Lobellina yinae Jiang, Huang Luan, 2018 are also provided.
Subject(s)
Arthropods , Animals , China , Head , MandibleABSTRACT
Genus Rambutanura Deharveng, 1988 of subfamily Neanurinae is herein recorded and a new species is described from China. A key to the species of the whole world of the genus is provided. In order to determine the new species, a new diagnosis within the genus Rambutanura Deharveng, 1988 is proposed. The new species is distinguished from all known members of the genus by its unique set of morphological characters notably: 2+2 depigmented eyes, mandible quadridentate, presence of 1 additional s-chaeta on each tubercle Di from Th. I to Abd. IV, presence of 2 additional s-chaetae on tubercle Dl from Abd. I to Abd. V, presence of guard chaetae sgd and sgv on AOIII, absence of digitate body tubercles.
Subject(s)
Arthropods , Animal Distribution , Animal Structures , Animals , China , EyeABSTRACT
Three species of the subfamily Neanurinae (Collembola: Neanuridae) are recorded from Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province, east China. Two of them, Lobellina fusasp. n. and Paralobella tianmunasp. n., are new to science and described in this paper. Lobellina fusasp. n. can be recognized by the presence of six teeth on mandible and the fusion of dorsointernal tubercles on the head. Paralobella tianmunasp. n. is characterized by a mandible with seven teeth, the lateral tubercle of Abd. II-III respectively with 7 (6+s) chaetae. Crossodonthina bidentata Luo & Chen, 2009 is widely distributed in the mountain from 300 to 1500 m a.s.l.
ABSTRACT
A new species of Lobellina Yosii, 1956 and a key to all species of the genus is provided. It is distinguished from all known members of the genus by its unique set of morphological characters: mandible with six teeth, cephalic chaeta O present, and free from tubercle Fr, cephalic tubercle Oc with three chaetae, cephalic tubercle Di separate, and tubercle Dl with four (sometimes three) chaetae, Ant. I with eight chaetae, and claw with an inner tooth. Vietnuracaerulea Deharveng & Bedos, 2000 is recorded from China for the first time. New localities of Rambutanurahunanensis Jiang & Dong, 2018 and Vitronuraparaacuta Wang, Wang & Jiang, 2016 from southwest China are also provided.
ABSTRACT
Aeromonas hydrophila is the main reason of epidemic septicaemia for freshwater fish. In the present study, the effect of Aeromonas hydrophila infection on the non-specific immunity of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) was studied. After Aeromonas hydrophila challenge, lysozyme activity was significantly increased at 4 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 14 d and 21 d. An increased level of lysozyme activity indicated a natural protective mechanism in fish. The significant increases of superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity in treatment group were detected at 4 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 14 d and 21 d after Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. Increase in the superoxide anion and H2O2 is considered to be beneficial for self-protection from disease. Acid phosphatase activity increased significantly at 1 d, 3 d and 5 d after Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. Alkaline phosphatase activity in treatment group showed significant increase at 4 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 14 d and 21 d compared to control group. Increased phosphatase activity indicates higher breakdown of the energy reserve, which is utilized for the growth and survival of fish. These results revealed that the non-specific immunity of fish played an important role in self-protection after pathogens infection.
ABSTRACT
Three new species, two of Vitronura and one of Lobellina of subfamily Neanurinae (Neanuridae, Collembola) from Central China are described. In addition a key for valid Lobellina species is included.
