ABSTRACT
Aquatic fishes are threatened by the strong pathogenic bacterium Nocardia seriolae, which challenges the current prevention and treatment approaches. This study introduces luminogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) as an innovative and non-antibiotic therapy for N. seriolae. Specifically, the AIE photosensitizer, TTCPy-3 is employed against N. seriolae. We evaluated the antibacterial activity of TTCPy-3 and investigated the killing mechanism against N. seriolae, emphasizing its ability to aggregate within the bacterium and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). TTCPy-3 could effectively aggregate in N. seriolae, generate ROS, and perform real-time imaging of the bacteria. A bactericidal efficiency of 100% was observed while concentrations exceeding 4 µM in the presence of white light irradiation for 10 min. In vivo, evaluation on zebrafish (Danio rerio) confirmed the superior therapeutic efficacy induced by TTCPy-3 to fight against N. seriolae infections. TTCPy-3 offers a promising strategy for treating nocardiosis of fish, paving the way for alternative treatments beyond traditional antibiotics and potentially addressing antibiotic resistance.
Subject(s)
Biosensing Techniques , Fish Diseases , Nocardia Infections , Nocardia , Animals , Zebrafish , Reactive Oxygen Species , Nocardia Infections/drug therapy , Nocardia Infections/veterinary , Nocardia Infections/microbiology , Fishes/microbiology , Fish Diseases/drug therapy , Fish Diseases/microbiologyABSTRACT
In this work, we employ cyanobacteria, Spirulina platensis, and separate their photosynthetic apparatus, phycobilisome (PBS), thylakoid membrane and phycobilisome-thylakoid membrane complex. The steady state absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and corresponding deconvoluted spectra and picosecond time-resolved spectra are used to investigate the energy transfer process in phycobilisome-thylakoid membrane complex. The results on steady state spectra show chlorophylls of the photosystem II are able to transfer excitation energy to phycobilisome with Chla molecules selectively excited. The decomposition of the steady state spectra further suggest the uphill energy transfer originate from chlorophylls of photosystem II to cores of phycobilisome, while rods and cores of phycobilisome cannot receive energy from the chlorophylls of photosystem I. The time constant for the back energy transfer process is 18 ps.
