ABSTRACT
This study is aimed at addressing the urgent demand for ultra-micro-precision dispensing technology in high-performance micro- and nanometer encapsulation, connection, and assembly manufacturing, considering the great influence of colloid viscosity and surface tension on the dispensing process in micro- and nanometer scale. According to the principle of liquid transfer, a method of adhesive transfer that can realize fL-pL levels is studied in this paper. A mathematical model describing the initial droplet volume and the transfer droplet volume was established, and the factors affecting the transfer process of adhesive were analyzed by the model. The theoretical model of the transfer droplet volume was verified by a 3D scanning method. The relationships between the transfer droplet volume and the initial droplet volume, stay time, initial distance, and stretching speed were systematically analyzed by a single-factor experiment, and the adhesive transfer rate was calculated. Combined with trajectory planning, continuous automatic dispensing experiments with different patterns were developed, and the problems of the transfer droplet size, appearance quality, and position accuracy were analyzed comprehensively. The results show that the average relative deviation of the transfer droplet lattice position obtained by the dispensing method in this paper was 6.2%. The minimum radius of the transfer droplet was 11.7 µm, and the minimum volume of the transfer droplet was 573.3 fL. Furthermore, microporous encapsulation was realized using the method of ultra-micro-dispensing.
ABSTRACT
Busulfan is currently an indispensable anti-cancer drug, but the side effects on male reproductive system are so serious. Meanwhile, red-fleshed apples are natural products with high anthocyanin content. In this research, we analyzed the effect of red-fleshed apple anthocyanin extract (RAAE) on busulfan-treated mice. Compared with the busulfan group, main plasma biochemical indicators were significantly improved after RAAE treatment. Compared with BA0 (busulfan without RAAE) group, total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione catalase (GSH-Px) in RAAE treatment groups were obviously increased, while the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly decreased. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly decreased in the RAAE groups. In addition, we found RAAE alleviated busulfan-disrupted spermatogenesis through improving genes expression which are important for spermatogenesis, such as DDX4, PGK2, and TP1. Furthermore, we found that RAAE increased beneficial bacteria Akkermansia and Lactobacillaceae, and significantly depleted harmful bacteria Erysipelotrichia. The correlation studies indicated that RAAE ameliorated busulfan-induced rise in LysoPC levels through regulating gut microbial community and their associated metabolites. In conclusion, this study extends our understanding of the alleviated effect of RAAE on busulfan-induced male reproductive dysfunction through regulating the relationships between gut microbiota and metabolites.
