Structurally Regulated Design Strategy of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-Based Ceramics for High Energy-Storage Performance at a Low Electric Field.

Dielectric ceramic capacitors are prospective energy-storage devices for pulsed-power systems owing to their ultrafast charge-discharge speed. However, low energy-storage density makes them difficult to commercialize for high-pulse-power technology applications. Herein, we presented a structurally regulated design strategy to disrupt a long-range ferroelectric order, refined grains, and eventually achieve excellent comprehensive energy-storage performance in (1 - x) (0.7Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.3SrTiO3)-x Sm(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 eco-friendly ceramics. A large Wrec of ∼7.43 ± 0.05 J/cm3 and a high η of ∼85 ± 0.5% of 0.96 (0.7Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.3SrTiO3)-0.04 Sm(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 were obtained at a low electric field of 290 kV cm-1 with good energy-storage temperature (25-120 °C), frequency (1-100 Hz) stability, and charge-discharge properties (PD ∼ 74 ± 1 MW/cm3 and τ0.9 ∼ 159 ± 2 ns). This strategy inspires rational structurally regulated designs and aims to promote the development of eco-friendly 0.7Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based ceramics with excellent energy-storage characteristics.

Association between blood lipids and diabetes mellitus in older Chinese adults aged 65 years or older: a cross-sectional analysis of residents' electronic health records.

AIM: This study aimed to investigate how blood lipids are associated with diabetes among older Chinese adults. METHODS: 3,268,928 older Chinese adults without known diabetes were included. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were conducted to study associations between blood lipids (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]) and diabetes. RESULTS: 202,832 diabetes cases were included. Compared with the lowest quintiles, TC, TG, and LDL-C in the highest quintiles showed a higher diabetes prevalence risk and HDL-C presented a lower risk in multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the highest quintiles of TC, TG, and HDL-C were 1.39 (1.37-1.41), 2.56 (2.52-2.60), and 0.73 (0.72-0.74), respectively. For LDL-C, 3-5% lower risk was found in the second and third quintiles, and 4-23% higher risk was found in the fourth and fifth quintiles. RCS curves showed a non-linear relationship between each blood lipid parameters and diabetes (P-non-linear < 0.001). TG and HDL-C curves presented monotonically increasing and L-shaped patterns, respectively, whereas TC and LDL-C curves exhibited a J-shaped pattern. When TC < 4.04 mmol/L or LDL-C < 2.33 mmol/L, ORs of diabetes increased with the decrease of corresponding indexes. However, after excluding participants with lower LDL-C, the J-shaped association with TC disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates non-linear associations between lipids and diabetes. Low cholesterol levels are associated with a high risk of diabetes. The cholesterol paradox should be considered during lipid-lowering treatments.

Multiphase comparative study for WHO/ISUP nuclear grading diagnostic model based on enhanced CT images of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

To compare and analyze the diagnostic value of different enhancement stages in distinguishing low and high nuclear grade clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) based on enhanced computed tomography (CT) images by building machine learning classifiers. A total of 51 patients (Dateset1, including 41 low-grade and 10 high-grade) and 27 patients (Independent Dateset2, including 16 low-grade and 11 high-grade) with pathologically proven ccRCC were enrolled in this retrospective study. Radiomic features were extracted from the corticomedullary phase (CMP), nephrographic phase (NP), and excretory phase (EP) CT images, and selected using the recursive feature elimination cross-validation (RFECV) algorithm, the group differences were assessed using T-test and Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables. The support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), XGBoost (XGB), VGG11, ResNet18, and GoogLeNet classifiers are established to distinguish low-grade and high-grade ccRCC. The classifiers based on CT images of NP (Dateset1, RF: AUC = 0.82 ± 0.05, ResNet18: AUC = 0.81 ± 0.02; Dateset2, XGB: AUC = 0.95 ± 0.02, ResNet18: AUC = 0.87 ± 0.07) obtained the best performance and robustness in distinguishing low-grade and high-grade ccRCC, while the EP-based classifier performance in poorer results. The CT images of enhanced phase NP had the best performance in diagnosing low and high nuclear grade ccRCC. Firstorder_Kurtosis and firstorder_90Percentile feature play a vital role in the classification task.

A young female patient with multiple unilateral low-grade oncocytic renal tumors and angiomyolipoma: a case report and literature review.

We identified a young female patient admitted for suspected renal malignancy. Partial nephrectomy was performed after imaging evaluation and discussion. Postoperative biopsy pathology reported multiple low-grade eosinophilic renal tumors (LOTs) with angiomyolipoma growth. After reviewing the data, we found that LOT was mostly solitary and occurred in middle-aged and elderly patients. This case is unique and we share it to improve the understanding of this disease.

Combined impact of alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome on liver dysfunction in an elderly Chinese population.

Alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome(MetS), both prevalent in the general population, frequently co-occur. They are recognized as significant contributors to liver dysfunction, yet their combined effect is often challenging to delineate. This study delves into the compounding influence of alcohol consumption and metabolic disorder on liver dysfunction within an elderly demographic in Zhejiang Province, China. Our findings spotlight a heightened risk of liver dysfunction among females, younger individuals, rural dwellers, those with minimal educational attainment, single individuals, and those diagnosed with MetS. We also discerned a positive correlation correlation between the number of MetS components and the propensity for liver dysfunction. Furthermore, the risk of liver dysfunction escalated in tandem with the frequency of alcohol consumption. Interestingly, a prolonged abstinence period (≥ 5 years) seemed to mitigate this risk. Our research underscores the significance of refraining from excessive alcohol consumption, embracing a healthy lifestyle, and managing MetS components-especially triglyceride levels-for effective prevention of liver dysfunction.

Enhancing diabetic wound healing: advances in electrospun scaffolds from pathogenesis to therapeutic applications.

Diabetic wounds are a significant subset of chronic wounds characterized by elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). They are also associated with impaired angiogenesis, persistent infection, and a high likelihood of hospitalization, leading to a substantial economic burden for patients. In severe cases, amputation or even mortality may occur. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common complication of diabetes, with up to 25% of diabetic patients being at risk of developing foot ulcers over their lifetime, and more than 70% ultimately requiring amputation. Electrospun scaffolds exhibit a structural similarity to the extracellular matrix (ECM), promoting the adhesion, growth, and migration of fibroblasts, thereby facilitating the formation of new skin tissue at the wound site. The composition and size of electrospun scaffolds can be easily adjusted, enabling controlled drug release through fiber structure modifications. The porous nature of these scaffolds facilitates gas exchange and the absorption of wound exudate. Furthermore, the fiber surface can be readily modified to impart specific functionalities, making electrospinning nanofiber scaffolds highly promising for the treatment of diabetic wounds. This article provides a concise overview of the healing process in normal wounds and the pathological mechanisms underlying diabetic wounds, including complications such as diabetic foot ulcers. It also explores the advantages of electrospinning nanofiber scaffolds in diabetic wound treatment. Additionally, it summarizes findings from various studies on the use of different types of nanofiber scaffolds for diabetic wounds and reviews methods of drug loading onto nanofiber scaffolds. These advancements broaden the horizon for effectively treating diabetic wounds.

International disease burden of acute viral hepatitis among adolescents and young adults: An observational study.

Adolescents and young adults are the driving force of social development, and the prevalence of acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in this population cannot be ignored. At present, there are few studies on the disease burden of AVH in this age group, and most studies focus on chronic liver disease. In this study, we identified global trends in the burden of AVH among adolescents and young adults (15-29) to help policymakers implement precise disease interventions. In this observational study of disease trends, we collected data exclusively from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. This study examined the trends in the prevalence, incidence and mortality of AVH among adolescents and young adults in 21 regions of the world from 2009 to 2019. Age-specific disease trends were analysed with a joinpoint regression model. The overall global disease burden of AVH declined. The prevalence rate per 100,000 people decreased from 316.13 in 2009 to 198.79 in 2019, the incidence rate decreased from 3245.52 in 2009 to 2091.93 in 2019, and the death rate decreased from 0.87 in 2009 to 0.43 in 2019. During the study period, the prevalence of hepatitis B virtues (HBV) in the young population decreased, but the downward trend of other types of hepatitis other than HBV was not obvious, especially HAV, which even showed an upward trend. Among adolescents and young adults aged 15-29 years, Western Saharan Africa had the highest prevalence of AVH in 2019. There were significant differences in mortality rates among different age groups; 20-24 was the age group with the highest mortality rate from 2009 to 2019, followed by the 15-19 and 25-29 age groups. Although the overall global AVH disease burden declined, some causes of AVH, such as HAV, showed an upward trend during the study period. In addition, the prevalence of AVH among adolescents and young adults in Asia and Africa was higher than that in other parts of the world and warrants more attention. Finally, more research should be conducted on mortality in the 20-24 age group.

Performance of modulating retro-reflector-assisted ground-HAP-satellite uplink laser communication system.

Satellite-ground laser communication has attracted wide attention due to its advantages of rich spectrum resources, fast communication speed, strong anti-interference ability, and high security. Therefore, this paper proposes to use a modulating retro-reflector (MRR) and assemble it on the HAP to improve the performance of the ground-satellite uplink laser communication system. Since the influence of the hovering fluctuation of the HAP on the system cannot be ignored, this paper introduces the angle of arrival jitter to represent the influence of the random jitter of the HAP in the air on the channel and considers the light intensity scintillation, beam wander, atmospheric attenuation, pointing error. The combined effect of the system is analyzed. At the same time, the influence of key factors such as beam width, zenith angle, HAP position distance, wind speed, and cloud visibility on the performance of the ground-HAP-satellite system under different MRR effective areas is simulated and analyzed and compared with the ground-HAP-satellite system without MRR. The results show that the MRR-assisted ground-HAP-satellite system has better communication performance. The work of this paper provides a good theoretical basis for the engineering implementation of the MRR-assisted ground-HAP-satellite laser communication system.

The vascular and morphological characteristics of tumors under narrow-band imaging as predictors for the grade and stage of bladder cancer: a prospective and multi-center study.

The vascular and morphological features of tumors are important predictors of the nature, grade, and stage of various cancers. However, this association has not been tested in bladder cancer. The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation between the morphological characteristics of tumor vessels and the nature, stage and grade of bladder cancer. Between November 2021 and March 2023, we prospectively collated clinical information and cystoscopy information from a series of patients with bladder cancer. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify independent risk factors for the nature, grade and stage of bladder cancer. Our analysis showed that cauliflower-like tumors, dotted vessels, and circumferential vessels were independent risk factors for bladder cancer. Reticular vessels were an independent risk factor for high-grade bladder cancer. Thick branching vessels in bladder tumors, along with a wide base, were independent risk factors for the invasion of bladder cancer into the lamina propria. Primary diagnosis, lesion location (beside the left ureteral orifice) and obscure lesion boundaries were all identified as independent risk factors for muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Development and validation of a predictive model for the diagnosis of bladder tumors using narrow band imaging.

PURPOSE: At present, the prediction of bladder tumor nature during cystoscopy is partially dependent on the clinician's own experience. Subjective factors may lead to excessive biopsy or delayed treatment. The purpose of our study is to establish a reliable model for predicting the nature of bladder tumors using narrow band imaging. METHODS: From November 2021 to November 2022, the clinical data of 231 patients who required a cystoscopy were prospectively collected at our center. Cystoscopy was performed in 219 eligible patients, in which both tumor and vascular morphology characteristics were recorded. Pathological results were used as the diagnostic standard. A logistic regression analysis was used to screen out factors related to tumor pathology. Bootstrap resampling was used for internal validation. A total of 71 patients from four other centers served as an external validation cohort. RESULTS: The following diagnostic factors were identified: tumor morphology (cauliflower-like or algae-like lesions), vascular morphology (dotted or circumferential vessels), tumor boundary (clear or unclear), and patients' symptoms (gross hematuria) and were included in the prediction model. The internal validation results showed that the area under the curve was 0.94 (95% CI 0.92-0.97), and the P value from the goodness-of-fit test was 0.97. After external validation, the results showed the area under the curve was 0.89 (95% CI 0.82-0.97) and the P value of the goodness-of-fit test was 0.24. CONCLUSION: A diagnostic prediction nomogram was established for bladder cancer. The verification results showed that the prediction model has good prediction performance.

Performance study of an enhanced fully optical generalized spatial modulation free-space optical system based on serial unmanned aerial vehicle relay.

This paper proposes an enhanced fully optical generalized spatial modulation (EFOGSM) free-space optical (FSO) system based on serial unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relaying under M distribution. The relay transmission mode of the system is decode-and-forward (DF), and two spatial diversity receiving schemes were considered at the receiver of the system. In the atmospheric channel modeling, the angle of arrival (AoA) jitter was introduced to represent the effect of UAV random jitter in the air on the channel, together with three important factors: path loss, pointing error, and atmospheric turbulence. Under the joint influence of the four fading factors, the probability density function expression of the joint fading channel under the new M distribution was derived, and the upper bound of the average bit error rate of the serial UAV-relaying EFOGSM FSO system was derived. The influence of key factors, such as the number of UAV relay nodes, the position distance of UAV, the field of view parameters of the receiver, the direction deviation, and the data transmission rate on the system performance, was analyzed by simulation under weak and strong turbulence. Monte Carlo simulation verified the correctness of the numerical calculation and simulation. This study provides a good theoretical basis for the engineering implementation of a serial UAV relay EFOGSM FSO system.

Prognostic value of neutrophil extracellular trap signature in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent type of urological carcinoma. Although targeted therapy and immunotherapy are usually employed, they often result in primary and acquired resistance. There is currently a lack of dependable biomarkers that can accurately anticipate the prognosis of ccRCC. Recent research has indicated the critical role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the development, metastasis, and immune evasion of cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the value of NETs in the development and prognosis of ccRCC. Methods: Clinical features and genetic expression information of ccRCC patients were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and E-MTAB-1980 database. NETs-related gene set were obtained from previous studies. A NETs-related gene signature was constructed based on TCGA data and validated using ICGC and E-MTAB-1980 databases. Furthermore, the immune microenvironment and responsiveness to anticancer medications in ccRCC patients with varying levels of NETs risks were investigated. Results: A total of 31 NET-related genes were differently expressed between normal kidney and ccRCC tissues. 17 out of 31 were significantly associated with overall survival. After LASSO Cox regression analysis, nine NETs-related genes were enrolled to construct the NETs prognosis signature, and all the ccRCC patients from TCGA were divided into low and high risk group. This signature demonstrated excellent performance in predicting the overall survival of TCGA patients as well as the validation ICGC and E-MTAB-1980 patients. Additionally, the NETs signature was significantly correlated with immune infiltration and drug sensitivity. Conclusions: The NETs signature established by the current study has prognostic significance in ccRCC, and may serve as a useful biomarker for patient stratification and treatment decisions. Further validation and clinical studies are required to fully translate these findings into clinical practice.

Robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty in an adult with pelvic ectopic kidney with hydronephrosis: a case report and literature review.

Pelvic ectopic kidney is a congenital anomaly with a higher probability of hydronephrosis than a normal kidney. Few studies have reported cases of pelvic ectopic kidney with hydronephrosis in adults treated with robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP). We performed RALP on a 22-year-old male and he recovered well after the procedure. The patient's pain disappeared after surgery. No complications occurred during the perioperative period and had a rapid postoperative recovery.

Excellent Energy-Storage Performance of (0.85 - x)NaNbO3-xNaSbO3-0.15(Na0.5La0.5)TiO3 Antiferroelectric Ceramics through B-Site Sb5+ Driven Phase Transition.

NaNbO3-based relaxor antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics are receiving more and more attention for high power pulse applications. A commonly used design strategy is to add complex perovskites with lower tolerance factors. Herein, a new lead-free AFE system of (0.85 - x)NaNbO3-xNaSbO3-0.15(Na0.5La0.5)TiO3 was specially designed considering the substitution of Sb5+ for Nb5+ reduces the polarizability of B-site ions but increases the tolerance factor. The formation of nanodomains with stable AFE orthorhombic R phase symmetry contributes to a slim and double-like polarization-field hysteresis loop, while the increased resistivity and activation energy as a result of sintering aids lead to an enhanced breakdown strength. Therefore, an excellent energy density Wrec ≈ 6.05 J/cm3, a high energy efficiency η ≈ 80.5%, and good charge-discharge performances (power density PD ≈ 155 MW/cm3 and discharging rate t0.9 ≈ 44.6 ns) were achieved in MnO2-doped x = 0.03 ceramics. The experimental results demonstrate that the B-site Sb5+ driven orthorhombic P-R phase transition and increased local structure disorder should provide a new strategy to design high-performance NaNbO3-based relaxor AFE capacitors.

A ratiometric fluorescent dye for detection of Lys and Arg and its bioimaging in live cells and zebrafish larvae.

A ratiometric and pH-sensitive fluorescent dye named IDE was applied to the detection of argine and lysine from common amino acids and exploited to monitor the Lys and Arg levels in living cells and zebrafish larvae successfully. IDE will be a useful fluorescence indicator of pH changes by Lys and Arg.

Validation of the Internet Gaming Disorder Symptoms Checklist Based on the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in Chinese Adolescents.

This study aims to develop and validate a checklist for IGD symptoms of Chinese adolescents based on the fifth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DISCA). We recruited 2144 secondary school students who reported that they had played Internet games in the past 12 months in two large cities of China. The 9 item of DISCA were all significantly and positively correlated and the scale reliability was satisfactory. The unidimensional structure of the scale was confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), χ2/df = 246.18/27, CFI = .95, RMSEA = .06. Measurement invariance across gender and city groups was confirmed by Multiple-group CFA. Criterion validity was demonstrated by the significant positive associations between DISCA score and self-identified IGD, loss of control regarding time spent on Internet gaming, time spent on playing Internet games, depression, and suicidal ideation. DISCA is a brief, reliable, and validated assessment to measure adolescent IGD.

Theories-based determinants analysis of Hib-combined vaccine hesitancy in China: A multi-group structural equation modeling.

OBJECTIVES: To explore determinants of Hib-combined vaccine hesitancy in Chinese parents, and to provide scientific intervention measures to tackle vaccine hesitancy. METHODS: 2,531 parents were recruited from local healthcare centers in Zhejiang Province by accidental sampling, and completed the self-developed online questionnaire with voluntary participation. Health Belief Model and Model of Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy were applied to construct the framework of research. Multi-group Structural Equation Modeling was performed to explore the effects of determinants of vaccine hesitancy across various socio-economic status (SES). RESULTS: Hib-combined vaccine hesitancy for total sample was 2.184 ± 0.777 (95%CI: 2.153-2.214), and most of them were in low (n = 1436, 56.7%) level. Low SES group (2.335 ± 0.763, 95%CI: 2.271-2.400) had significantly highest vaccine hesitancy. For total sample, Self-Efficacy and Cues to Action presented -0.517 and -0.437 of standard total effect on Vaccine Hesitancy, respectively. The Multi-group Structural Equation Model with satisfying goodness of fit in SES groups (χ2 = 1616.074, df = 314, χ2/df = 5.147, CFI = 0.973, TLI = 0.966, SRMR = 0.027, RMSEA = 0.041) showed that Cues to Action imposed -0.621 (95%CI: -0.867-0.389, p < .001) of major standard total effect on Vaccine Hesitancy in low SES group, while Self-Efficacy imposed -0.560 (95%CI: -0.668-0.444, p < .001) and -0.685 (95%CI: -0.841-0.454, p < .001) of principal standard total effect on Vaccine Hesitancy in middle and high SES groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Hib-combined vaccine hesitancy in Chinese parents was low, and the lower the SES, the higher the vaccine hesitancy. Cues to Action and Self-Efficacy played primary role in declining vaccine hesitancy for parents at low SES, and at middle and high SES, respectively.

Superior Energy-Storage Properties in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-Based Lead-Free Ceramics via Simultaneously Manipulating Multiscale Structure and Field-Induced Structure Transition.

Pratical applications have put forward great challenges to the comprehensive energy-storage performance of ceramic material. Here, a novel route of simultaneously manipulating multiscale structure and the field-induced structural transformation in (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-based ceramics is proposed to address the above concern. The multiscale structure of 0.88(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.12BaTiO3 solid solutions such as grain and domain size, band gap, and phase structure can be adjusted by adding antiferroelectric NaNbO3. Simultaneously, a field-induced P4bm relaxor antiferroelectric to P4mm ferroelectric phase transformation can be obtained by constructing a P4mm-P4bm phase boundary, which is expected to require a lower energy barrier compared with the field-induced P4bm relaxor antiferroelectric to R3c ferroelectric transformation in other (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-based ceramics. The optimized field-induced structural transformation behavior and the formation of nanodomains enables a minimized polarization hysteresis but an enhanced maximum polarization. Moreover, the decreased grain size together with increased band gap leads to a significantly improved breakdown strength. Accordingly, a giant energy density Wrec ∼ 8.0 J/cm3, a high efficiency η ∼ 86%, a short discharging time t0.9 ∼ 41 ns, and a good temperature stability (Wrec = 1.32 ± 0.12 J/cm3, η = 88.5% ± 2.5% @ 25-200 °C) are simultaneously obtained in 0.63(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.12BaTiO3-0.25NaNbO3 relaxor antiferroelectric ceramics, demonstrating large potentials for the ceramic capacitor applications.

Supercritical Relaxor Nanograined Ferroelectrics for Ultrahigh-Energy-Storage Capacitors.

Supercritical relaxor nanograined ferroelectrics are demonstrated for high-performance dielectric capacitors, showing record-high overall properties of energy density ≈13.1 J cm-3 and field-insensitive efficiency ≈90% at ≈74 kV mm-1 and superior charge-discharge performances of high power density ≈700 MW cm-3 , high discharge energy density ≈6.67 J cm-3 , and ultrashort discharge time <40 ns at 55 kV mm-1 . Ex/in situ transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction provide clear evidence of the supercritical behavior in (Na,K)(Sb,Nb)O3 -SrZrO3 -(Bi0.5 Na0.5 )ZrO3 ceramics, being achieved by engineering the coexistence of multiple local symmetries within the ergodic relaxor zone. The vanished difference between the ground relaxor state and the high-field supercritical state eliminates polarization hysteresis. The supercritical evolution with electric field enables a highly delayed polarization saturation with continuously increased polarization magnitudes. The results demonstrate that such a design strategy of compositionally induced and field-manipulated supercritical behavior can be generalizable for developing desirable energy-storage dielectrics for applications in ceramic/film capacitors.

Nociceptor Neurons are Involved in the Host Response to Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infections.

Purpose: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can evoke a rapid host immune response leading to bladder inflammation and epithelial damage. Neuroimmune interactions are critical for regulating immune function in mucosal tissues. Yet the role of nociceptor neurons in bladder host defense has not been well defined. This study aimed to explore the interaction between nociceptor neurons and bladder immune system during UTIs. Methods: In this study, whether uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can directly stimulate nociceptor neurons was detected. Female C57BL/6J mice were treated with high dose of capsaicin, a high-affinity TRPV1 agonist, to ablate nociceptor neurons. Bladder inflammation, barrier epithelial function and bladder immune cell infiltration were assessed after UPEC infection. The level of neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in infected bladder was detected. Furthermore, the effects of CGRP on neutrophils and macrophages were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Results: We found that UPEC and its pathogenic factor LPS could directly excite nociceptor neurons, releasing CGRP into infected bladder, which suppressed the recruitment of neutrophils, the polarization of macrophages and the killing function of UPEC. Both Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) and BIBN4096 (CGRP antagonism) blocked neuronal inhibition and prevented against UPEC infection. Conclusion: The present study showed a novel mechanism by which UPEC stimulated the secretion of CGRP from nociceptor neurons to suppress innate immunity.