ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the changes of the intercellular conjunction in penile cavernous tissues between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive ones, and to study the relation of blood pressure with erectile function. METHODS: After apomorphine (APO) injection, we observed penile erections in SHR (SHR group, n=5) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY group, n=5), studied the ultrastructure of the cell-to-cell conjunction between the penile cavernous smooth muscle cells with a transmission electrical microscope, and examined the expression of mRNA and Connexin 43 protein by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The erectile frequency in the SHR group was significantly lower than in the WKY group. The smooth muscle cells were decreased and the collagen fibers between the smooth muscle cells were increased in the SHR group. The expression of mRNA and Connexin 43 protein in the cavernous tissues was significantly lower in the SHR group than in the WKY group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hypertension affects penile erection, and the pathological changes of the cell-to-cell conjunction between the penile cavernous smooth muscle cells may be one of the important mechanisms of erectile dysfunction associated with hypertension.
Subject(s)
Connexin 43/biosynthesis , Gap Junctions/ultrastructure , Hypertension/physiopathology , Muscle, Smooth/ultrastructure , Penile Erection/physiology , Animals , Apomorphine/pharmacology , Connexin 43/genetics , Gap Junctions/metabolism , Hypertension/pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Muscle, Smooth/metabolism , Penis/metabolism , Penis/ultrastructure , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Rats , Rats, Inbred SHR , Rats, Inbred WKY , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To improve the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of testicular tumor in Mongolian men. METHODS: A retrospective review of 35 cases of testicular tumors in Mongolian men from seven medical centers dated from 1990 to 2004 was performed. RESULTS: The usual presentation of a testicular tumor was a nodular or painless swelling of one gonad. The mean delay in diagnosis was 40.03 +/- 53.45 weeks. For 16 patients, delay in diagnosis was more than or equal to six months. The histologic composition of this series was 21 (60%) seminoma, 10 (28.6%) nonseminoma, 2 (5.7%) lymphoma, 1 (2.35%) fibroneuroma and 1 (2.35%) leiomyoma. Regarding stage, 22, 2, and 5 of 29 germ cell tumors were seen initially as stage I, II, and III, respectively. Combined therapy, including radical orchiectomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, were taken. 29 cases have been followed for 2 months to 10 years, 4 out of them died of distant metastasis, one died of other disease, one lives with tumor, the others live without relapse and metastasis. Three and 5-year survival rates for Mongolian patients with seminoma and nonseminoma were 95.0%, 95.0%, 57.1% and 42.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In this article, the rate of seminoma to germ cell tumors is higher than that of general population. There is an increased mean delay in diagnosis for Mongolian patients. Three and 5-year survival rates for nonseminoma are lower than that for seminoma. Better public awareness regarding testicular tumor in this population, advances in diagnosis and therapy will help to improve therapeutic effectiveness and prognosis.
