Associations between co-exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and organophosphate esters and erythrogram in Chinese adults.

Erythrogram, despite its prevalent use in assessing red blood cell (RBC) disorders and can be utilized to evaluate various diseases, still lacks evidence supporting the effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) on it. A cross-sectional study involving 467 adults from Shijiazhuang, China was conducted to assess the associations between 12 PFASs and 11 OPEs and the erythrogram (8 indicators related to RBC). Three models, including multiple linear regression (MLR), sparse partial least squares regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were employed to evaluate both the individual and joint effects of PFASs and OPEs on the erythrogram. Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) showed the strongest association with HGB (3.68%, 95% CI: 2.29%, 5.10%) when doubling among PFASs in MLR models. BKMR indicated that PFASs were more strongly associated with the erythrogram than OPEs, as evidenced by higher group posterior inclusion probabilities (PIPs) for PFASs. Within hemoglobin and hematocrit, PFHxS emerged as the most significant component (conditional PIP = 1.0 for both). Collectively, our study emphasizes the joint effect of PFASs and OPEs on the erythrogram and identified PFASs, particularly PFHxS, as the pivotal contributors to the erythrogram. Nonetheless, further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Association of co-exposure to organophosphate esters and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and mixture with cardiovascular-kidney-liver-metabolic biomarkers among Chinese adults.

BACKGROUND: Organophosphate esters (OPEs) and Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants with common exposure sources, leading to their widespread presence in human body. However, evidence on co-exposure to OPEs and PFAS and its impact on cardiovascular-kidney-liver-metabolic biomarkers remains limited. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 467 adults were enrolled from January to May 2022 during physical visits in Shijiazhuang, Hebei province. Eleven types of OPEs and twelves types of PFAS were detected, among which eight OPEs and six PFAS contaminants were detected in more than 60% of plasma samples. Seventeen biomarkers were assessed to comprehensively evaluate the cardiovascular-kidney-liver-metabolic function. Multiple linear regression, multipollutant models with sparse partial least squares, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were applied to examine the associations of individual OPEs and PFAS and their mixtures with organ function and metabolism, respectively. RESULTS: Of the over 400 exposure-outcome associations tested when modelling, we observed robust results across three models that perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxS) was significantly positively associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), and indirect bilirubin (IBIL). Perfluorononanoic acid was significantly associated with decreased AST/ALT and increased very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Besides, perfluorodecanoic acid was correlated with increased high lipoprotein cholesterol and perfluoroundecanoic acid was consistently associated with lower glucose level. BKMR analysis showed that OPEs and PFAS mixtures were positively associated with IBIL and TBIL, among which PFHxS was the main toxic chemicals. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that exposure to OPEs and PFAS, especially PFHxS and PFNA, may disrupt organ function and metabolism in the general population, providing insight into the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of OPEs and PFAS co-exposure and chronic diseases.

Biochar Loaded with a Bacterial Strain N33 Facilitates Pecan Seedling Growth and Shapes Rhizosphere Microbial Community.

Biochar and beneficial microorganisms have been widely used in ecological agriculture. However, the impact of biochar loaded with microbes (BM) on plant growth remains to be understood. In this study, BM was produced by incubating pecan biochar with the bacterial strain N33, and the effects of BM on pecan growth and the microbial community in the rhizosphere were explored. BM application significantly enhanced the biomass and height of pecan plants. Meanwhile, BM treatment improved nutrient uptake in plants and significantly increased the chlorophyll, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins of plants. Furthermore, BM treatment improved the soil texture and environment. Finally, BM application substantially enhanced the diversity of soil fungi and bacteria as well as the relative abundances of the phyla Firmicutes and Chloroflexi, and families Bacillaceae and Paenibacillaceae, as shown by high-throughput sequencing. Together, this study clarified the growth-promotive effects of BM on pecan plants and suggested an alternative to synthetic fertilizers in their production.