Investigations on incidence and relevant factors of allergies in 5725 urban pregnant women: a cohort study in China.

BACKGROUND: Allergic diseases are highly prevalent in the women of childbearing age. As we know, the immune system could change when pregnancy, which may affect the course of allergic diseases. Meanwhile, they also can affect the course and outcome of pregnancy. The data on incidence of allergies during pregnancy is lacking and conducting clinical trials in pregnant women was limited, therefore, we observed a prebirth cohort to supplement the relevant data and strengthen concerned research conductions. OBJECTIVE: We aim to obtain the incidence of allergies in urban pregnancy and explore the relevant factors of allergic diseases in urban pregnancy. METHODS: We design a multicenter and prospective cohort in 20 institutions above municipal level which were eligible according to the study design from 14 provinces covering all-side of China. This cohort was conducted from 13+6 weeks of gestation to 12 months postpartum and in our study, we chose the prenatal part to analyze. The outcome was developing allergies during pregnancy, which were diagnosed by clinicians according to the uniform criterion from National Health Commission. All the data was collected by electronic questionnaires through tablet computers. RESULTS: The incidence of allergic diseases in urban pregnant women was 21.0% (95%CI 20.0% ~ 22.0%). From social demography data, the history of allergies of pregnant women and their parents had statistical significance(p < 0.01); For exposure to living or working environment, house decoration for less than half a year, exposure to plush toys, disinfectants, insecticides, antihistamines, glucocorticoids, antipyretic analgesics, tocolytic agent and probiotics had statistical significance (all p < 0.05); For psychological status, self-rated depression and anxiety had statistical significance (p = 0.026;p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: The incidence of allergic diseases in urban pregnant women was similar to the former study and kept a medium-high level. The history of allergies of pregnant women and their parents, house decoration time, exposure to plush toys, disinfectants, insecticides, antihistamines, glucocorticoids, antipyretic analgesics, tocolytic agents, probiotics, self-rated depression, and anxiety were relevant factors of allergic diseases during pregnancy.

Population-based study on infection and genotype distribution of high-risk human among women in rural areas of China, 2014 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To explore the epidemiologic characterization of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and genotype distribution of HR-HPV among women in rural areas of China.@*Methods@#This study used multiple layers of stratified cluster random sampling method. During January to December in 2014, 117 counties of 27 provinces were selected as the HPV test screening pilot project counties. The women aged 35-64 years with rural areas Hukou in these project counties were selected as the study subjects. A total 457 799 women received HPV DNA test. Among them, 118 237 women from 32 counties in 11 provinces received qualified HPV DNA test by fluorescent PCR to detect HPV genotypes.@*Results@#Among 118 237 rural women, the overall HR-HPV positive infection rate was 7.8% (9 249/118 237). The infection rate increased with age and reached an infection peak at the 60-64 age groups (9.9%, 831/8 394). The HR-HPV positive infection rate in western regions (6.9%, 2 144/31 130) was statistical significantly lower than in central regions (8.2%, 1 894/23 023) and eastern regions (8.1%, 5 211/64 084) (χ2=51.46, P<0.001). Among 9 249 women with specific genotypes of HR-HPV, 6 496 (97.6%) cases were infected with single HR-HPV type, and 163 cases (2.4% ) were infected with multiple types. HR-HPV type 52, 16 and 58 were the most common infection types in rural areas of China. The single infection rates were 20.9% (1 355/6 496), 18.7% (1 215/6 496), and 11.2% (725/6 496), respectively. The multiple infection rates were 47.2% (77/163), 17.8% (29/163), and 18.4% (30/163), respectively.@*Conclusion@#The HR-HPV positive infection rate in rural areas of Chinese woman was 7.8%, western region has lower infection rate compared with central and eastern regions. HPV 52 was first of the most common genotypes in rural areas of China.

Combating maternal mortality in China: experience, challenges and opportunities / 《全球健康杂志（英文）》

Since the People's Republic China founded,especially over the last 15 years,maternal mortality rate (MMR) has fallen dramatically.In 2014,China has achieved the target of a reduction of 75％ MMR from 1990 to 2015 (MDG5) ahead of schedule.This achievement can be attributed to the improvement of legislation and policy,government commitment and investment on maternal health,extensive international cooperation,implementation of the maternal health program,development of maternal and child health (MCH) service system and development of MCH surveillance systems.Although China has achieved MDG5,there are many kinds of difficulties and challenges in achieving the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Therefore,multi-strategy actions need to be considered to seize the opportunities to further reduce the MMR in the future.