Changes in body-related indices in people exposed to long-term low-dose nuclear radiation / 中国辐射卫生

@#<b>Objective</b> To investigate the effects of low-dose nuclear radiation exposure on the body by analyzing the antioxidant indices, immune indices, lymphocyte proliferation activity, and blood biochemical indices of persons exposed to long-term low-dose nuclear radiation, and to provide a basis for radiation protection and occupational health monitoring. <b>Methods</b> Eighty nuclear radiation workers were selected as the exposure group, and another 30 non-exposure personnel were selected as the control group. In both groups, blood biochemistry, serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lymphocyte proliferation activity, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), apoptosis factors Bcl-2 and Bax, lymphocyte transformation rate, and lymphocyte micronucleus rate were measured. <b>Results</b> Compared with the control group, T-AOC, GSH-Px, SOD, cell proliferation activity, PCNA, Bcl-2, lymphocyte transformation rate, white blood cell count, and platelet count in the exposure group were significantly decreased, while MDA and Bax were significantly increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The lymphocyte micronucleus rate showed no significant difference between the two groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). <b>Conclusion</b> Long-term low-dose exposure to nuclear radiation has certain effects on related indices of workers, but does not cause significant damage. The personnel exposed to nuclear radiation should enhance the awareness of protection and strengthen scientific protection to reduce radiation damage.

A live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate with accessory protein deletions

We report a live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate with (i) re-engineered viral transcriptional regulator sequences and (ii) deleted open-reading-frames (ORF) 3, 6, 7, and 8 ({Delta}3678). The {Delta}3678 virus replicates about 7,500-fold lower than wild-type SARS-CoV-2 on primary human airway cultures, but restores its replication on interferon-deficient Vero-E6 cells that are approved for vaccine production. The {Delta}3678 virus is highly attenuated in both hamster and K18-hACE2 mouse models. A single-dose immunization of the {Delta}3678 virus protects hamsters from wild-type virus challenge and transmission. Among the deleted ORFs in the {Delta}3678 virus, ORF3a accounts for the most attenuation through antagonizing STAT1 phosphorylation during type-I interferon signaling. We also developed an mNeonGreen reporter {Delta}3678 virus for high-throughput neutralization and antiviral testing. Altogether, the results suggest that {Delta}3678 SARS-CoV-2 may serve as a live-attenuated vaccine candidate and a research tool for potential biosafety level-2 use.

BNT162b2-Elicited Neutralization of Delta Plus, Lambda, and Other Variants

BNT162b2-elicited human sera are known to neutralize the currently dominant Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant. Here, we report the ability of 20 human sera, drawn 2 or 4 weeks after two doses of BNT162b2, to neutralize USA-WA1/2020 SARS-CoV-2 bearing variant spikes from Delta plus (Delta-AY.1, Delta-AY.2), Delta-{Delta}144 (Delta with the Y144 deletion of the Alpha variant), Lambda, and B. 1.1.519 lineage viruses. Geometric mean plaque reduction neutralization titers against Delta-AY.1, Delta-AY.2, and Delta-{Delta}144 viruses are slightly lower than against USA-WA1/2020, but all sera neutralize the variant viruses to titers of [≥]80. Neutralization titers against Lambda and B. 1.1.519 variants and against USA-WA1/2020 are equivalent. The susceptibility of Delta plus, Lambda, and other variants to neutralization by the sera indicates that antigenic change has not led to virus escape from vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies and supports ongoing mass immunization with BNT162b2 to control the variants and to minimize the emergence of new variants.

Distinct neutralizing kinetics and magnitudes elicited by different SARS-CoV-2 variant spikes

The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 mandates a better understanding of cross-protection between variants after vaccination or infection, but studies directly evaluating such cross-protection are lacking. Here we report that immunization with different variant spikes elicits distinct neutralizing kinetics and magnitudes against other SARS-CoV-2 variants. After immunizing hamsters with wild-type or mutant SARS-CoV-2 bearing variant spikes from Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Epsilon, the animals developed faster and greater neutralization activities against homologous SARS-CoV-2 variants than heterologous variants, including Delta. The rank of neutralizing titers against different heterologous variants varied, depending on the immunized variant spikes. The differences in neutralizing titers between homologous and heterologous variants were as large as 62-, 15-, and 9.7-fold at days 14, 28, and 45 post-immunization, respectively. Nevertheless, all immunized hamsters were protected from challenges with all SARS-CoV-2 variants, including those exhibiting the lowest neutralizing antibody titers. The results provide insights into the COVID-19 vaccine booster strategies.

Delta spike P681R mutation enhances SARS-CoV-2 fitness over Alpha variant

SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant has rapidly replaced the Alpha variant around the world. The mechanism that drives this global replacement has not been defined. Here we report that Delta spike mutation P681R plays a key role in the Alpha-to-Delta variant replacement. In a replication competition assay, Delta SARS-CoV-2 efficiently outcompeted the Alpha variant in human lung epithelial cells and primary human airway tissues. Delta SARS-CoV-2 bearing the Alpha-spike glycoprotein replicated less efficiently than the wild-type Delta variant, suggesting the importance of Delta spike in enhancing viral replication. The Delta spike has accumulated mutation P681R located at a furin cleavage site that separates the spike 1 (S1) and S2 subunits. Reverting the P681R mutation to wild-type P681 significantly reduced the replication of Delta variant, to a level lower than the Alpha variant. Mechanistically, the Delta P681R mutation enhanced the cleavage of the full-length spike to S1 and S2, leading to increased infection via cell surface entry. In contrast, the Alpha spike also has a mutation at the same amino acid (P681H), but the spike cleavage from purified Alpha virions was reduced compared to the Delta spike. Collectively, our results indicate P681R as a key mutation in enhancing Delta variant replication via increased S1/S2 cleavage. Spike mutations that potentially affect furin cleavage efficiency must be closely monitored for future variant surveillance.

The N501Y spike substitution enhances SARS-CoV-2 transmission

Beginning in the summer of 2020, a variant of SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, emerged in the United Kingdom (UK). This B.1.1.7 variant increased rapidly in prevalence among sequenced strains, attributed to an increase in infection and/or transmission efficiency. The UK variant has 19 nonsynonymous mutations across its viral genome including 8 substitutions or deletions in the spike protein, which interacts with cellular receptors to mediate infection and tropism. Here, using a reverse genetics approach, we show that, of the 8 individual spike protein substitutions, only N501Y exhibited consistent fitness gains for replication in the upper airway in the hamster model as well as primary human airway epithelial cells. The N501Y substitution recapitulated the phenotype of enhanced viral transmission seen with the combined 8 UK spike mutations, suggesting it is a major determinant responsible for increased transmission of this variant. Mechanistically, the N501Y substitution improved the affinity of the viral spike protein for cellular receptors. As suggested by its convergent evolution in Brazil and South Africa, our results indicate that N501Y substitution is a major adaptive spike mutation of major concern.

Neutralization of spike 69/70 deletion, E484K, and N501Y SARS-CoV-2 by BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited sera

We engineered three SARS-CoV-2 viruses containing key spike mutations from the newly emerged United Kingdom (UK) and South African (SA) variants: N501Y from UK and SA; 69/70-deletion+N501Y+D614G from UK; and E484K+N501Y+D614G from SA. Neutralization geometric mean titers (GMTs) of twenty BTN162b2 vaccine-elicited human sera against the three mutant viruses were 0.81- to 1.46-fold of the GMTs against parental virus, indicating small effects of these mutations on neutralization by sera elicited by two BNT162b2 doses.

A trans-complementation system for SARS-CoV-2

The biosafety level-3 (BSL-3) requirement to culture severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a bottleneck for research and countermeasure development. Here we report a trans-complementation system that produces single-round infectious SARS-CoV-2 that recapitulates authentic viral replication. We demonstrate that the single-round infectious SARS-CoV-2 can be used at BSL-2 laboratories for high-throughput neutralization and antiviral testing. The trans-complementation system consists of two components: a genomic viral RNA containing a deletion of ORF3 and envelope gene, and a producer cell line expressing the two deleted genes. Trans-complementation of the two components generates virions that can infect naive cells for only one round, but does not produce wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Hamsters and K18-hACE2 transgenic mice inoculated with the complementation-derived virions exhibited no detectable disease, even after intracranial inoculation with the highest possible dose. The results suggest that the trans-complementation platform can be safely used at BSL-2 laboratories for research and countermeasure development.

Effect of NACK knockdown on the proliferation and apoptosis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat cells / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of NACK knockdown on the proliferation and apoptosis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) Jurkat cells. Methods:Lentivirus transfection technology was used to transfect Jurkat cells and knock down NACK gene.Real time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the silencing efficiency of NACK gene.CCK-8 method and flow cytometry were used to detect the effects of NACK knockdown on the proliferation and apoptosis of Jurkat cells.The expressions of protein related with Notch1 pathway, such as Hes1 and c-Myc, were detected by Western blot. Results:After NACK-shRNA was successfully transfected into Jurkat cells by lentiviral vector, the expression of NACK mRNA and protein was reduced signi-ficantly ( P<0.05). Compared with the negative control group and the blank control group, the CCK-8 method showed that the cell proliferation in the experimental group was significantly inhibited [The inhibition rates of cell proliferation in the experimental group, negative control group and blank control group were (37.27±4.48)%, (4.25±2.10)% and (2.43±1.40)%, respectively]( F=132.640, P<0.05), and the flow cytometry test showed that the apoptosis in the experimental group increased significantly [The apoptosis rates of experimental group, negative control group and blank control group were (26.38±3.03)%, (6.07±2.61)% and (3.40±1.98)%, respectively]( F=90.534, P<0.05). Western blot results confirmed that the expression of Notch1 pathway-related proteins Hes1 and c-Myc was down-regulated compared with the negative control group and the blank control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Targeting silent NACK can down-regulate the expression of Notch1 pathway-related proteins, which leads to the inhibition of Jurkat cell proliferation and increased apoptosis, thereby exerting its anti-T-ALL effect.

Spike mutation D614G alters SARS-CoV-2 fitness and neutralization susceptibility

A spike protein mutation D614G became dominant in SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the mutational impact on viral spread and vaccine efficacy remains to be defined. Here we engineer the D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020 strain and characterize its effect on viral replication, pathogenesis, and antibody neutralization. The D614G mutation significantly enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication on human lung epithelial cells and primary human airway tissues, through an improved infectivity of virions with the spike receptor-binding domain in an "up" conformation for binding to ACE2 receptor. Hamsters infected with D614 or G614 variants developed similar levels of weight loss. However, the G614 virus produced higher infectious titers in the nasal washes and trachea, but not lungs, than the D614 virus. The hamster results confirm clinical evidence that the D614G mutation enhances viral loads in the upper respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients and may increases transmission. For antibody neutralization, sera from D614 virus-infected hamsters consistently exhibit higher neutralization titers against G614 virus than those against D614 virus, indicating that (i) the mutation may not reduce the ability of vaccines in clinical trials to protect against COVID-19 and (ii) therapeutic antibodies should be tested against the circulating G614 virus before clinical development. ImportanceUnderstanding the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic is essential for disease control and prevention. A spike protein mutation D614G emerged and became dominant soon after the pandemic started. By engineering the D614G mutation into an authentic wild-type SARS-CoV-2 strain, we demonstrate the importance of this mutation to (i) enhanced viral replication on human lung epithelial cells and primary human airway tissues, (ii) improved viral fitness in the upper airway of infected hamsters, and (iii) increased susceptibility to neutralization. Together with clinical findings, our work underscores the importance of this mutation in viral spread, vaccine efficacy, and antibody therapy.

A nanoluciferase SARS-CoV-2 for rapid neutralization testing and screening of anti-infective drugs for COVID-19

A high-throughput platform would greatly facilitate COVID-19 serological testing and antiviral screening. Here we report a nanoluciferase SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2-Nluc) that is genetically stable and replicates similarly to the wild-type virus in cell culture. We demonstrate that the optimized reporter virus assay in Vero E6 cells can be used to measure neutralizing antibody activity in patient sera and produces results in concordance with a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Compared with the low-throughput PRNT (3 days), the SARS-CoV-2-Nluc assay has substantially shorter turnaround time (5 hours) with a high-throughput testing capacity. Thus, the assay can be readily deployed for large-scale vaccine evaluation and neutralizing antibody testing in humans. Additionally, we developed a high-throughput antiviral assay using SARS-CoV-2-Nluc infection of A549 cells expressing human ACE2 receptor (A549-hACE2). When tested against this reporter virus, remdesivir exhibited substantially more potent activity in A549-hACE2 cells compared to Vero E6 cells (EC50 0.115 vs 1.28 M), while this difference was not observed for chloroquine (EC50 1.32 vs 3.52 M), underscoring the importance of selecting appropriate cells for antiviral testing. Using the optimized SARS-CoV-2-Nluc assay, we evaluated a collection of approved and investigational antivirals and other anti-infective drugs. Nelfinavir, rupintrivir, and cobicistat were identified as the most selective inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2-Nluc (EC50 0.77 to 2.74 M). In contrast, most of the clinically approved antivirals, including tenofovir alafenamide, emtricitabine, sofosbuvir, ledipasvir, and velpatasvir were inactive at concentrations up to 10 M. Collectively, this high-throughput platform represents a reliable tool for rapid neutralization testing and antiviral screening for SARS-CoV-2.

Molecular prevalence and clinical characteristics of human metapneumovirus and human bocavirus in 333 hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To study the molecular prevalence and clinical characteristics of human metapneumovirus and human bocavirus in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia.@*Methods@#Total 333 throat swabs and clinical information of patients were collected between 2017 and 2018 at Department of Pediatrics of No.2 Clinical Teaching Hospital, Chengde Medical University. The IgM of adenovirus (AdV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus-A/B (Influ-A/B), parainuenza viruses (PIVs)were tested by detection kit, and the positive samples of human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human bocavirus (HBoV), AdV, RSV and human coronavirus (HCoV) were detected by RT-PCR or PCR.@*Results@#43 cases, 19 cases, 3 cases and 2 cases were positive for Influ-B, PIV, RSV and AdV IgM, respectively. Total 80 cases were infected with hMPV (71 cases were single infection, 8 cases were double infection, and 1 case was triple infection), 22 cases were infected with HBoV (14 cases were single infection, 7 cases were double infection, and 1 case was triple infection), 6 cases were infected with AdV (4 cases were single infection, 1 case was double infection, and 1 case was triple infection), only 1 case was single infected with RSV or HCoV, respectively. 39 cases (11.7%) and 41 cases (12.3%) were distributed at <5 years group and ≥5 years group, respectively. 45.0%(18/40)in severe cases and 27.99%(82/293)in mild cases were positive for hMPV, HBoV, AdV, RSV and HCoV, the ratio of viral positive case was significant higher in severe cases than mild cases (P=0.042). The age (P=0.000), peak of fever (P=0.035), duration of hospitalization (P=0.000), neutrophils (P=0.000) and lymphocytes (P=0.000) were significant difference in severe cases compared with mild cases.@*Conclusions@#Multiple respiratory viruses can cause community-acquired pneumonia and more attention should be pay to the surveillance of hMPV and HBoV.

Effect of Tamibarotene on the proliferation and Tyrosine kinase receptor A,N-myc expressions of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the effect of Tamibarotene on the SH-SY5Y cell proliferation inhibition ability and the mRNA and protein expressions of tyrosine kinase receptor a (TrkA) and N-myc (MYCN) in order to provide some experimental bases for the treatment of neuroblastoma.Methods The SH-SY5Y cells were treated with different concentrations of Am80 (0,10,20,40,80,160 μmol/L) for 48 h,then Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to test the cell proliferation.Reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to test the mRNA and protein expressions of TrkA and MYCN at 48 hours.Results When the concentration was 10 μmol/L,Am80 had no significant inhibitory effect on SH-SY5Y cells [(3.51 ± 1.68)％,inhibition ratio ＜ 5 ％];but when the concentration was 20 μmol/L,it showed weak inhibition [(9.60 ± 1.97) ％,inhibition ratio ＜ 10％].The inhibition rate of SH-SY5Y cell proliferation[(57.43 ± 4.95)％] was significantly enhanced at Am80 with a concentration of 80 μmol/L.The concentrations of Am80 could effectively inhibit SH-SY5Y cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner(P ＜0.05).The expression of TrkA increased with the increase of Am80 concentration.Am80 significantly decreased the expression of MYCN in SH-SY5Y cells(10 μmol/L:0.65 ±0.05 vs.20 μmol/L:0.36 ±0.06),and the difference was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions It is suggested that Am80 can effectively inhibit SH-SY5Y cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner.The underlying mechanism involves increasing the expression of TrkA by down-regulation of MYCN.

Study on the role of allergic toxin C3a in epithelial mesenchymal transition of normal human bronchial epitahelium cells / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the role of anaphylatoxin C3a on epithelial mesenchymal transition(MTT) in normal human bronchial epithelium cells and its molecular mechanism.Methods Normal human bronchial epithelium cells BEAS-2B were cultured,and divided into control group,rhC3a stimulation group,rhC3a+ C3a receptor(C3aRA)antagonist group,the morphological changes of cells were observed by microscope;cell proliferation was detected by MTT;the expression of TGF-β1 protein level in cell supernatant was evaluated by ELISA;the expression of C3aR mRNA and EMT related indicators mRNA changes were detected by RT-PCR;the expression of C3aR and Smad2/3,p38 MAPK pathway proteins were detected by Western blot.Results Cell morphology in 30,50 nmol/L rhC3a stimulation group was changed from normal cobblestone like to spindle shape,cell morphology in C3aRA antagonist group had no significant change when compared with the control group.The cell proliferation was reduced in 50 nmol/L rhC3a stimulation group(P=0.047);the levels of TGF-β1,p-Smad2/3,p-p38-MAPK protein were increased(P＜0.05),C3aR mRNA and protein levels were also significantly increased (P＜0.05) in 30 nmol/L rhC3a stimulation group when compared with control group,but the addition of 1 μmol/L C3aRA could reduce their expressions(P＜0.05).30 nmol/L rhC3a could induce the up regulation of α-SMA and N-cadherin mRNA,and decrease the expression of E-cadherin mRNA,adding 1 μmol/L C3aRA can antagonize this process (P＜0.05).Conclusion Anaphylatoxin C3a can induce EMT in normal human bronchial epithelium cells by combining C3aR,its mechanism may be involved in activating Smad2/3 and p38-MAPK pathway.

The efficacy and safety of insulin degludec versus insulin glargine in insulin-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes: results of a Chinese cohort from a multinational randomized controlled trial / 中华内科杂志

Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of insulin degludec (IDeg) with those of insulin glargine (IGlar) in insulin-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Methods This was a 26-week,randomized,open-label,parallel-group,treat-to-target trial in 560 Chinese subjects with T2DM (men/women:274/263,mean age 56 years,mean diabetes duration 7 years) inadequately controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs).Subjects were randomized 2:1 to once-daily IDeg (373 subjects) or IGlar(187 subjects),both in combination with metformin.The primary endpoint was changes from baseline in glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) after 26 weeks.Results Mean HbA1c decreased from 8.2％ in both groups to 6.9％ in IDeg and 7.0％ in IGlar,respectively.Estimated treatment difference (ETD) of IDegIGlar in change from baseline was-0.10％ points (95％ CI-0.25-0.05).The proportion of subjects achieving HbA1c ＜ 7.0％ was 56.3％ and 49.7％ with IDeg and IGlar,respectively [estimated odds ratio of IDeg/IGlar:1.26 (95 ％ CI 0.88-1.82)].Numerically lower rateof overall confirmed hypoglycaemia and statistically significantly lower nocturnal confirmed hypoglycemia were associated with IDeg compared with IGlar,respectively [estimated rateratio of IDeg/IGlar 0.69 (95％ CI 0.46-1.03),and 0.43 (95％ CI 0.19-0.97)].No differences in other safety parameters were found between the two groups.Conclusions IDeg was non-inferior to IGlar in terms of glycaemic control,and was associated with a statistically significantly lower rate of nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemia.IDeg is considered to be suitable for initiating insulin therapy in Chinese T2DM patients on OADs requiring intensified treatment.Clinical trail registration Clinicaltrials.gov,NCT01849289.

Histologic classification and prognosis factors in phyllodes tumors of breast / 中华病理学杂志

Objective@#To study the relationship between morphological characteristics, grading, diagnosis and prognosis in phyllodes tumors (PT) of the breast.@*Methods@#A retrospective study was carried out on 83 PTs diagnosed between 1999 and 2003 that were classified semi-quantitatively according to the WHO recommendation. Follow-up data was available for some cases, and Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate factors affecting metastasis and recurrence.@*Results@#All cases were classified into the benign (57.8%), borderline (28.9%) and malignant (13.3%). The overall recurrence rate for the 72 cases with follow-up data was 20.8% (15/72), and was 17.5% (7/40) in benign, 22.7% (5/22) in borderline and 3/10 in malignant PT, respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05). The median interval between the initial diagnosis and the first recurrence was 24 months. Lung or bone metastases occurred in 1/22 borderline and 3/10 malignant PT patients 5 years post-surgery. The mitotic count and the degree of stromal cell atypia were significantly correlated with recurrence (P=0.001 and P=0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that severe stromal cell atypia was an independent predictor of recurrence-free survival in PT [HR=6.40 (95% CI=1.378 to 29.732), P=0.018].@*Conclusions@#Each parameter in the histological grading of PT may have different prognostic value, and markedly increased mitotic count and were predictive of relapse.

Clinicopathologic analysis of four cases of desmoplastic melanocytic nevus / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate pathological characteristics and differential diagnosis of desmoplastic melanocytic nevus.Methods Four cases of desmoplastic melanocytic nevus were analyzed based on the clinical manifestations and histological,immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) features.Results Of the 4 cases,2 were male and 2 were female.Their age ranged from 19 to 30 years with the average age being 26.5 years.The skin lesions were located on the extremities in 3 cases,on the vulva in 1 case.Histologically,the lesions were bilaterally symmetrical intradermal nevus.Nevus cells appeared epithelioid and/or fusiform,some were clustered or scattered in the proliferative fibrous tissue.None of lymphocyte aggregation,necrosis or ulceration was observed.Immunohistochemical examination showed positive staining for S100 and Melan A in 3 cases,positive staining for P16 in 2 cases,Ki-67-1abeling index less than 5％ in all the 4 cases,and negative staining for factor XⅢ (FXⅢ) and CD34 in 2 cases.FISH assay showed no copy-number variations in gene loci 6p25 (RREB1),6q23 (MYB),6p11.1-q11.1 (Cep6) and 11q13 (CCND1) in desmoplastic nelanocytic nevus.Conclusion Desmoplastic melanocytic nevus is a kind of histologically unique,benign melanocytic nevus,and immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67,S-100,Melan A and FXmand FISH assay on melanoma can be helpful for the differential diagnosis between cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma and melanoma.

Clinicopathologic analysis of spiradenoma: 25 case reports / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To analyze clinicopathologic features and malignant transformation of spiradenoma (SA).Methods Clinicopathologic data on 25 cases of SA were retrospectively analyzed.An immunohistochemical study was conducted on 5 of the 25 patients.Clinicopathologic features of SA were summarized based on clinicopathologic data,immunohistochemical results and relevant literature.Results The average age of these patients was 40 years.Lesions were acquired and solitary in 24 cases (96％,24/25),and occurred most frequently in the extremities.The diameter of tumors was less than 2 cm in 20 cases (87％,20/23).Twenty-three cases were benign SA with various histological manifestations,including 15 cases (65％,15/23) of typical SA,8 cases (35％,8/23) of cylindroma.VarTing numbers of mitotic figures were observed in different cases.The immunohistochemical study showed epithelial and myoepithelial differentiation.Two cases of SA experienced malignant transformation into poorlydifferentiated basal cell adenocarcinoma and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma respectively.Lymphocytes decreased significantly in number or disappeared in the malignant area,and both the malignant tumors exceeded 2 cm in diameter.Conclusions SA is a kind of neoplasm with distinct histological characteristics and nonspecific clinical manifestations.Most SA cases have a benign clinical course,but malignant transformation should be considered in some cases with longterm clinical course and large size.

Correlation between different frequency of sudden death and the quality of life in Yunnan unexplained sudden death disease area / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between the quality of life and different frequency of sudden death in Yunnan unexplained sudden death disease area.Methods According to the stratified cluster sampling method,728 individuals were selected as the respondents in Heqing County,Eryuan County of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture,and in Dayao County of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture.According to the random sampling,649 individuals were selected as the control in Yongping County,Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture.Data of the quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF version) were collected through household surveys.Analysis method including ANOVA,Chi-squared test and multilinear regression were used.Results Compared with the control population,the household income of population in the diseased area was not significantly different statistically (x2 =7.052,P ＞ 0.05).But the differences in education level and chronic disease situation were statistically significant (x2 =35.727,9.810,all P ＜ 0.05).According to the frequency of the sudden death,from one to four,the total scores of the quality of life,the scores of the physiology domain,the scores of the psychological domain,the scores of the environmental domain and the scores of the social relations domain (1 time:54.30,13.74,14.43,11.21,14.91;2 times:54.75,13.86,14.65,11.12,15.10;3 times:52.40,13.21,13.76,11.00,14.41;4 times:49.21,12.15,12.54,9.87,14.64)were all lower than those of the control group (56.03,14.11,14.78,11.88 and 15.26),the differences between two groups were statistically significant (x2 =41.88,25.75,41.07,35.07,8.08,all P ＜ 0.05);the total scores and each domain score of the quality of life were negatively correlated with the frequency of sudden death (the multi-variables regression coefficient were as follows:-1.195,-0.341,-0.356,-0.314,and-0.185,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The quality of life of those who have lived in Yunnan unexplained sudden death area is associated with the outbreak frequency of sudden death.Following increasing of the outbreak frequency of Yunnan unexplained sudden death,the quality of life of the population living in Yunnan unexplained sudden death area has decreased.

Fluorescence in-situ hybridization as a diagnostic tool for cutaneous melanoma / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization as a diagnostic tool for cutaneous melanoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty cutaneous melanomas and 20 cutaneous nevi from pathology files were selected and analyzed by Vysis melanoma FISH probe kit targeting 3 loci on chromosome 6 (MYB, CEP6 and RREB1) and 1 locus on 11q (CCND1) and data were interpreted based on the Abbott criteria provided by the kit.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Informative FISH results were obtained in 16 melanomas and 18 nevi. Chromosomal aberrations were detected in 12 of the 16 melanomas and only 1 of 18 nevi.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FISH is a useful diagnostic tool and able to distinguish cutaneous nevus from melanoma with good sensitivity and specificity.</p>