A nano-copper particle-modified zinc anode as a protective coating enables dendrite-free aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have become one of the hotspots in large-scale energy storage due to their advantages of high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the metallic Zn anode is prone to dendritic growth and electrochemical corrosion on the surface during cycling, posing a serious challenge to the cycling life of AZIBs. Herein, a simple, low-cost and suitable for mass production method is reported to construct an anti-corrosive nano-copper particle protective coating on the surface of a metallic zinc (Cu-Zn) anode. The prepared nano-copper particles are evenly distributed on the surface of Zn, providing a uniform electric field distribution and successfully suppressing electrochemical corrosion on the surface. Importantly, it is confirmed microscopically that the Cu-Zn anode maintains homogeneous stripping and plating processes, effectively alleviating dendrite formation. Additionally, the resulting Cu-Zn anode exhibits a lower overpotential, which offers a lower interfacial transfer resistance of the battery. The symmetric battery test results show that the unmodified bare Zn anode fails after 58 h at 1 mA cm-2 and 0.5 mA h cm-2, while the Cu-Zn anode can remain stable for more than 3200 h. Furthermore, the assembled Cu-Zn||α-MnO2 battery delivers a capacity of 173.2 mA h g-1 after 2500 cycles at a high current density of 2000 mA g-1, and the capacity retention rate is 90.6%. The results indicate the great potential application of the nano-copper particle-modified zinc anode, which has provided an appealing strategy for improving the stability of AZIBs to promote the industrial development of the energy storage field.

Clinical features of MOGAD with brainstem involvement in the initial attack versus NMOSD and MS.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the characteristics of Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disorder (MOGAD) with brainstem involvement in the first event (BSIFE) and make comparisons with aquaporin-4-IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG-NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: From 2017 to 2022, this study identified MOG-IgG-positive patients with brainstem or both brainstem and cerebellum lesions in the first episode. As a comparison group, AQP4-IgG-NMOSD (n = 30) and MS (n = 30) patients with BSIFE were enroled. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients (35/146, 24.0%) were the BSIFE of MOGAD. Isolated brainstem episodes occurred in 9 of the 35 (25.7%) MOGAD patients, which was similar to MS (7/30, 23.3%) but was lower than AQP4-IgG-NMOSD (17/30, 56.7%, P = 0.011). Pons (21/35, 60.0%), medulla oblongata (20/35, 57.1%) and middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP, 19/35, 54.3%) were the most frequently affected areas. Intractable nausea (n = 7), vomiting (n = 8) and hiccups (n = 2) happened in MOGAD patients, but EDSS of MOGAD was lower than AQP4-IgG-NMOSD (P = 0.001) at the last follow-up. MOGAD patients with or without BSIFE did not significantly differ in terms of the ARR (P = 0.102), mRS (P = 0.823), or EDSS (P = 0.598) at the most recent follow-up. Specific oligoclonal bands appeared in MOGAD (13/33, 39.4%) and AQP4-IgG-NMOSD (7/24, 29.2%) in addition to MS (20/30, 66.7%). Fourteen MOGAD patients (40.0%) experienced relapse in this study. When the brainstem was involved in the first attack, there was an increased likelihood of a second attack occurring at the same location (OR=12.22, 95%CI 2.79 to 53.59, P = 0.001). If the first and second events were both in the brainstem, the third event was likely to occur at the same location (OR=66.00, 95%CI 3.47 to 1254.57, P = 0.005). Four patients experienced relapses after the MOG-IgG turned negative. CONCLUSION: BSIFE occurred in 24.0% of MOGAD. Pons, medulla oblongata and MCP were the most frequently involved regions. Intractable nausea, vomiting and hiccups occurred in MOGAD and AQP4-IgG-NMOSD, but not MS. The prognosis of MOGAD was better than AQP4-IgG-NMOSD. In contrast to MS, BSIFE may not indicate a worse prognosis for MOGAD. When patients with BSIFE, MOGAD tent to reoccur in the brainstem. Four of the 14 recurring MOGAD patients relapsed after the MOG-IgG test turned negative.

Central sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness in Niemann-Pick type C disease: a report of 2 cases.

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease in which sphingomyelin and cholesterol are deposited in various organs of the body. The clinical manifestations of NPC include neurologic symptoms and cataplexy; other symptoms related to sleep have seldom been reported. One previous study described various sleep disorders including chronic insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, thus suggesting that sleep disorders in patients with NPC are more prevalent than previously thought and warrant close attention. Here, we describe sleep disorders in 2 patients with NPC and discuss the clinical characteristics and, for the first time, discuss potential pathogenic mechanisms underlying sleep disorders in such patients. CITATION: Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Li N, et al. Central sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness in Niemann-Pick type C disease: a report of 2 cases. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(2):409-414.

Uniform Bi-Bi2O3 nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide composites for high-performance aqueous alkaline batteries.

Aqueous alkaline batteries (AABs) with the merits of both high energy density and power density have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for the new generation of energy storage devices, while their practical applications are still limited by the lack of high-performance electrode materials, especially for the anode materials. Herein, metallic bismuth-bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi-Bi2O3), with numerous heterogeneous interfaces, are successfully anchored and uniformly distributed on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets. When Bi-Bi2O3/rGO-20 electrode is used as the anode material for an AAB, it shows a high specific capacity of 288.0 mA h g-1 (1036.9 F g-1) at 1 A g-1 and good rate capability (74.7% of capacity retention ratio at 20 A g-1). Additionally, in order to match well with a Bi-Bi2O3/rGO-20 anode, CoVSx thin sheets decorated with Ni-Co layered double hydroxide sheets (NiCo-LDH) were successfully constructed via a facile multistep hydrothermal method and a subsequent electrodeposition process. The resulting cathode exhibits a high specific capacity of 306.0 mA h g-1 (2448 F g-1) at 1 A g-1. The assembled CoVSx@NiCo-LDH//Bi-Bi2O3/rGO-20 AAB delivers an outstanding energy density of 106.1 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 789.6 W kg-1. Besides, the as-synthesized Bi-based electrode is also used in aqueous Zn alkaline batteries to further extend its application and the assembled Bi-Bi2O3/rGO-20//Zn batteries possess an ultralong flat discharge plateau and exhibit a specific capacity of 250.6 mA h g-1 at 1 A g-1. The results demonstrate that the as-assembled AAB has huge potential for practical applications and provides an inspiration for the next-generation energy storage devices.

Minimal Manifestation Status Indicates a Stable State in Myasthenia Gravis: A Quantitative Study.

Introduction: Minimal manifestation (MM) or better was recommended as the treatment goal for myasthenia gravis (MG). The sustainability of this status has not been described quantitatively in patients who had attained or are close to it. Methods: Patients who were with no or slight impact on daily living were recruited and followed at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months. The included patients were classified into 3 post-intervention status (PIS) categories: remission (R), MM, and slight impact (SI). The proportion of patients belonging to real-time (not considering the intervals between assessments) and sustained (considering the intervals between assessments) PIS categories was compared at each follow-up. A sensitivity analysis (SA) cohort was established by including patients with PIS categories in all four follow-ups. The QMGS, MG-ADL, and MG-QOL15 scores in patients belonging to each PIS category at each follow-up were compared. The sustainability of the R/MM status was examined and correlated with real-time R/MM status at follow-ups. Results: At baseline, 376 patients could be classified, including 55 as R (14.2%), 209 as MM (54.0%), and 112 as SI (28.9%). In the whole cohort, 68.8-89.7%, 71-76.7% and 19.8-77.1% of the patients classified into real-time R, MM, and SI categories remained unchanged in each follow-up compared with the previous follow-up. The proportion of patients belonging to each real-time or sustained R/MM status at the three follow-ups was 89.7-92.1 or 60.8-67. In the SA cohort, at least 86.4% of the baseline R/MM patients remained in R/MM status till 12 months. There were no differences in keeping real-time R/MM status at 6 or 12 months between patients with and without sustained R/MM status at 3 and 6 months. There were differences in the QMGS, MG-ADL, and MG-QOL15 scores among patients belonging to each real-time category at baseline and follow-ups, ranking as R < MM < SI. The same trend was observed in patients belonging to each sustained PIS category with smaller scores than the same items of real-time categories. Conclusion: The sustainability of the R/MM status was confirmed. The R/MM status indicated a stable state of MG. The QMGS, MG-ADL, and MG-QOL15 scores may provide a quantitative reference for these PIS.

Characteristics of Patients with Meningeal Carcinomatosis Combined with Myelopathy.

Objective: To explore the disease manifestations and radiological characteristics of patients with meningeal carcinomatosis (MC) combined with myelopathy. Patients and Methods: The detailed medical information of patients who suffered from MC with myelopathy in record system were collected and reviewed. Results: In these patients, five cases were male and two cases were female. The age was from fifteen to fifty-seven years. In the course of disease, tumor cells were discovered in cerebrospinal fluid of three patients and in biopsy samples of four patients. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test results showed white blood cell counts increased in seven patients, protein increased in six patients and glucose reduced in five patients. In addition, MRI revealed that the white matter abnormalities showed in all cases and pia mater was enhanced in four patients, meningeal enhanced was observed in three patients. All patients were given appropriate therapy during hospitalization. Follow-up result showed that all patients passed away two to five months after diagnosis. Conclusion: MC causes spinal membrane, spinal nerve root to be involved besides, also can produce the matter of myelopathy. Early detection of intramedullary lesion is conducive to strengthening the awareness of the diagnosis of MC.

Therapeutic Effects of Batoclimab in Chinese Patients with Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Study.

INTRODUCTION: We investigated the safety and explore potential efficacy of batoclimab administered subcutaneously in Chinese patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG). METHODS: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel phase II study was conducted. First, in the double-blinded treatment period, eligible patients received batoclimab (680 mg), batoclimab (340 mg), or placebo on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36. In the open-label treatment period, patients received batoclimab (340 mg) on days 50, 64, and 78. In the follow-up period, patients were examined on days 92, 106, and 120. The primary endpoint was Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) score change on day 43 from baseline. RESULTS: In total, 30 eligible patients were enrolled, with 11, 10, and 9 patients in the batoclimab 680 mg, batoclimab 340 mg, and placebo groups, respectively. MG-ADL score changes from baseline to day 43 were -2.2 ± 0.9, -4.7 ± 0.6, and -4.4 ± 1.0 in the placebo, batoclimab 340 mg, and 680 mg groups, respectively. Similar changes were observed in Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis, Myasthenia Gravis Composite, and 15-item Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life scores in the placebo, batoclimab 340 mg, and 680 mg groups, respectively. The proportion of patients with clinically significant improvement on day 43 was higher in the batoclimab groups. On day 120, all four scales in the placebo group had more significant improvement compared with the batoclimab groups, with total serum IgG levels reaching a plateau. No death or treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) led to study discontinuation. CONCLUSION: Batoclimab is effective and safe in Chinese patients with gMG. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04346888) on 15 April 2020, with the first patient enrolled on 23 July 2020.

Transcranial alternating current stimulation for treating depression: a randomized controlled trial.

Treatment of depression with antidepressants is partly effective. Transcranial alternating current stimulation can provide a non-pharmacological alternative for adult patients with major depressive disorder. However, no study has used the stimulation to treat first-episode and drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder. We used a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled design to examine the clinical efficacy and safety of the stimulation in treating first-episode drug-naïve patients in a Chinese Han population. From 4 June 2018 to 30 December 2019, 100 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to receive 20 daily 40-min, 77.5 Hz, 15 mA, one forehead and two mastoid sessions of active or sham stimulation (n = 50 for each group) in four consecutive weeks (Week 4), and were followed for additional 4-week efficacy/safety assessment without stimulation (Week 8). The primary outcome was a remission rate defined as the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) score ≤ 7 at Week 8. Secondary analyses were response rates (defined as a reduction of ≥ 50% in the HDRS-17), changes in depressive symptoms and severity from baseline to Week 4 and Week 8, and rates of adverse events. Data were analysed in an intention-to-treat sample. Forty-nine in the active and 46 in the sham completed the study. Twenty-seven of 50 (54%) in the active treatment group and 9 of 50 (18%) in the sham group achieved remission at the end of Week 8. The remission rate was significantly higher in the active group compared to that in the sham group with a risk ratio of 1.78 (95% confidence interval, 1.29, 2.47). Compared with the sham, the active group had a significantly higher remission rate at Week 4, response rates at Weeks 4 and 8, and a larger reduction in depressive symptoms from baseline to Weeks 4 and 8. Adverse events were similar between the groups. In conclusion, the stimulation on the frontal cortex and two mastoids significantly improved symptoms in first-episode drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder and may be considered as a non-pharmacological intervention for them in an outpatient setting.

Immune-Mediated Cerebellar Ataxia Associated With Neuronal Surface Antibodies.

BACKGROUND: Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias (IMCAs) are common in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) but rarely occur in patients with neuronal surface antibodies (NSAbs). Although cerebellar ataxias (CAs) associated with anti-NMDAR and anti-CASPR2 have been reported in a few cases, they have never been studied systematically. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of anti-NSAbs-associated CAs. METHODS: A retrospective investigation was conducted to identify patients using the keywords IMCAs and NSAbs. We collected the clinical data of 14 patients diagnosed with anti-NSAbs-associated CAs. RESULTS: The median age was 33 years (16-66), and the male-to-female ratio was 4:3. Nine were positive for NMDAR-Ab, two for LGI1-Ab, two for CASPR2-Ab, and one for AMPA2R-Ab. CAs were initial symptoms in three patients and presented during the first two months of the disease course (10 days on average) among the rest of the patients. After the immunotherapy, two cases were free from symptoms, and eight cases recovered satisfactorily (10/14, 71.4%). Compared with other causes of IMCAs, anti-NSAbs were more frequently associated with additional extra-cerebellar symptoms (85.7%), mostly seizures (78.6%) and mental abnormalities (64.3%). In the CSF analysis, pleocytosis was detected in ten patients (71.4%) and oligoclonal bands (OB) were observed in nine patients (64.3%). Moreover, compared with PCD and anti-GAD65-Ab-associated CAs, anti-NSAbs-associated CAs showed a better response to immunotherapy. CONCLUSION: IMCAs are rare and atypical in autoimmune encephalitis with neuronal surface antibodies. Compared with other forms of IMCAs, more symptoms of encephalopathy, a higher rate of pleocytosis and positive OB in CSF, and positive therapeutic effect were the key features of anti-NSAbs-associated CAs.

Staphylococcus aureus meningitis complicated with intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral infarction: a case report.

PURPOSE: The case with staphylococcus aureus meningitis accompanied by intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral infarction is very rare and cerebrovascular complications are often associated with poor outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We describe the clinical characteristics and laboratory data of a patient with meningitis accompanied by cerebrovascular complications. RESULTS: The patient, a young male, was admitted to hospital with 3 weeks of fever, 10 days of slow reaction and 2 days of left limb strength decline. Neurological examination showed cognitive dysfunction, left central hemiplegia and meningeal irritation sign. Brain Imaging examination revealed intracranial hemorrhage and multiple cerebral infarction. The elevated leucocyte and protein, as well as low glucose of cerebrospinal fluid was observed. Cerebrospinal fluid and foot blister culture both suggested staphylococcus aureus infection. With the treatment of meropenem and glucocorticoid, the condition of our patient was improved. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of pathogenic bacteria is the gold standard of diagnosis, and timely diagnosis and treatment for pathogens are the keys to a good prognosis for patients.

Sensorineural Hearing Loss as the Prominent Symptom in Meningeal Carcinomatosis.

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has been reported rarely in patients with meningeal carcinomatosis (MC). We summarized the clinical data of eight MC patients with SNHL and 35 patients reported from publications. In the eight patients with SNHL, the medium onset age was 48 (range from 37 to 66) years and six (75%) were male. Seven (87.5%) suffered from headaches as the initial symptom, and they experienced SNHL during the first two months after the occurrence of headaches (0.5 to 2 months, average 1.5 months). The audiogram configuration was flat in three patients (37.5%) and showed total deafness in five patients (62.5%). The damage of cranial nerves VI (abducens) was observed in six patients (75%), and four patients (50%) had cranial nerves VII (facial) injury during the disease course. The percentage of damage of cranial nerves was higher than the patients without SNHL (VIth, 75.0% vs. 13.3%, p = 0.002 and VIIth 50.0% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.012). Four (50%) patients suffered from lung adenocarcinoma as primary tumor, two (25%) experienced stomach adenocarcinoma, one had colon cancer, and one patient was unknown. The symptom of SNHL improved after individualized therapy in four patients (focal radiotherapy and chemotherapy for three patients and whole brain radiotherapy for one patient), but all passed away from 2 to 11 months after diagnosis. Total deafness and flat hearing loss in audiogram were the common types of SNHL resulting from MC. MC patients with SNHL were more likely to suffer from the damage of other cranial nerves, especially to cranial nerves VI and VII. Treatment might improve SNHL, but not improve the case fatality rate.

Clinical Characteristics and Management of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Patients with Essential Thrombocythemia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a rare cause of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). Analysis of the risk factors and treatment therapies of CVST in ET has yielded controversial findings. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics of CVST events in ET and compared baseline characteristics, causative factors, hematological effects, and treatments between ET patients with and without CVST. RESULTS: Overall, 91 of 115 patients who met the ET diagnosis were included in this study. Among them, 23 (25.27%) patients met the diagnostic criteria of ET with CVST for inclusion, 14 (60.87%) of whom were females, with a median age of 34 (range 25-50). CVST diagnosis was made concomitantly to ET in 19 patients (82.61%). The most common symptom and sites of thrombosis of CVST was an acute or subacute headache and sigmoid sinuses, respectively. Compared with ET patients without CVST, ET patients with CVST were significantly younger (37.65±14.45 vs 60.93±13.46, P<0.001) and had lower prevalence of hypertension (4.34 vs 32.35%, P=0.003) and coronary artery disease (0 vs 14.71%, P = 0.045). Patients with CVST presented with significant lower platelet count (510.39±176.71 vs 750.82±249.10, P< 0.001) and higher score of IPSET-thrombosis (P=0.017). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age (P=0.002, OR 1.096, 95% CI 1.035-1.161), at least one CVRF (P = 0.024, OR 0.037, 95% CI 0.002-0.649), platelet count (P=0.045, OR 0.994, 95% CI 0.989-1.001), and lower percentage of antiplatelet therapy (P=0.035, OR 0.307, 95% CI 0.001-1.280) significantly contributed to the risk of CVST in ET. CONCLUSION: Most patients (95.65%) had a favorable outcome without recurrence after standard anticoagulant and cytoreductive treatment at last follow-up. These findings indicate that CVST may be the initial presentation of ET, with its detection crucial for early diagnosis and appropriate management. Anticoagulant and cytoreductive therapies should be recommended for preventing ET-related CVST with JAK2 V617F mutation.

Clinical characteristics of patients with paraneoplastic myelopathy.

Paraneoplastic myelopathy is rare paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. We reviewed patients through medical records system and screened patients who presented with myelopathy, and/or coexisting cancer, and/or onconeural antibodies. Nine patients were identified as paraneoplastic myelopathy presenting with progressive subacute (2/9) or insidious (7/9) myelopathy. CSF abnormalities included elevated protein, 5; pleocytosis, 4; excess oligoclonal bands, 6. Seven patients had onconeural antibody. Cancer was confirmed histopathologically in 6 and diagnosed by PET-CT in 1. Four patients had symmetric, longitudinally extensive grey matter or tract-specific changes on spinal cord MRI. It was associated with significant morbidity and had poor response to treatment.

Diagnosis and treatment of dementia in neurology outpatient departments of general hospitals in China.

INTRODUCTION: The status of dementia diagnosis and treatment of neurology outpatients in general hospitals in China remains unclear. METHODS: From neurology outpatients at 36 randomly selected hospitals, we first collected baseline data concerning the number of dementia doctors, memory clinics, and patients diagnosed with dementia. In stage 2, we intervened based on drawbacks discovered in stage 1, implementing a dementia initiative program. In stage 3, we reinvestigated the outpatients to determine the effects of intervention. RESULTS: After intervention, all 36 hospitals had established memory clinics (205 dementia doctors) compared with only 6 (47 dementia doctors) before intervention. The percentage of patients diagnosed with dementia significantly increased from 0.10% (536 dementia patients of 553,986 outpatients) in stage 1 to 0.41% (2482 dementia patients of 599,214 outpatients) in stage 3. DISCUSSION: Proper diagnosis and treatment are unavailable to many dementia patients because of a lack of dementia doctors and memory clinics in China.

(R)-3-oxobutyl 3-hydroxybutanoate (OBHB) induces hyperketonemiain Alzheimer's disease.

The present study demonstrates the effect of (R)-3-oxobutyl 3-hydroxybutanoate (OBHB) on hyperketonemia in 2 patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia who were performed a mini-mental state examination score of above 11 and 10. The patients were treated with OBHB for 24 months and received usual diet. The patients were administered 15 g of OBHB three times per day for two days. The dosage of OBHB was increased to 30 g three times daily from the day 4. OBHB was always taken after adding with soda-flavoured syrups in order to mask the bitter taste. The measurement of plasma ß-hydroxybutyrate (ßHB) levels after every week was performed to determine OBHB plasma ßHB dose-response relationships. Precision Xtra Glucose and Ketone Monitoring System (Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc., Alameda, CA, USA) was used to measure ßHB levels in the blood samples. We did not observe any adverse effects of OBHB in any of the patients and it was well tolerated throughout the 24 months treatment period. Both of the patients showed marked improvement in mood, behaviour, self-care, cognitive and daily activity performance. The results revealed a marked improvement in conversation and interaction after administration of OBHB doses. The biochemical investigation of the blood samples before, during OBHB treatment and after 24 months of the treatment revealed only minor changes in the plasma lipids. There was a decrease in cholesterol level from 251 to 158 and 247 to 152 mg/dL in the two patients respectively after 24 months of the treatment. Similarly the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was found to decrease from 157 to 79 and 149 to 76 mg/dL, respectively in two patients. Thus OBHB can be a promising agent in the treatment of hyperketonemia and can be taken as an oral supplement without changing the habitual diet.

Prognostic value of copeptin in patients with acute stroke.

CONTEXT: There is a need to improve stroke care through the prompt identification of stroke patients at increased risk of an adverse outcome. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic value of copeptin in patients with stroke. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed and Embase for relevant studies. Poor outcome and mortality were analyzed. RESULTS: Twelve studies, containing 2682 patients, were included. Pooled analysis showed that copeptin is an independent prognostic marker of poor outcome after acute stroke and there is a borderline effect of copeptin in predicting mortality after acute stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Copeptin is an independent predictor of poor outcome and mortality for patients with acute stroke.

[Clinical diagnosis and analysis of cerebral cortical venous thrombosis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and radiological characteristics of cortical vein thrombosis for early diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was carried out with the clinical cases of cortical vein thrombosis in 2010. The symptoms, sign, neuroimaging were analyzed and related literatures were reviewed. RESULTS: Four patients were collected, average age was forty years old. The main symptoms were headache and focal neurological signs in varying degrees, infarction or hemorrhage in one or two sides of parietal lobe could be found in CT or MRI. Hemorrhage was found in two patients, infarction was found in one patient, hemorrhage and infarction were both found in another patient. CONCLUSIONS: Headache and focal neurological signs are the common sings and symptoms of patients with cortical vein thrombosis. CT and MRI are effective methods for the diagnosis of cortical vein thrombosis.