[Improvement effect of cinnamaldehyde on reserpine-induced Parkinson's disease rat model].

In order to study the neuroprotective mechanism of cinnamaldehyde on reserpine-induced Parkinson's disease(PD) rat models, 72 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, Madopar group, and cinnamaldehyde high-, medium-, and low-dose groups. Except for the blank group, the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with reserpine of 0.1 mg·kg~(-1) once every other morning, and cinnamaldehyde and Madopar solutions were gavaged every afternoon. Open field test, rotarod test, and oral chewing movement evaluation were carried out in the experiment. The brain was taken and fixed. The positive expression of dopamine receptor D1(DRD1) was detected by TSA, and the changes in neurotransmitters such as dopamine(DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid(DOPAC) in the brain were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The protein and mRNA expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) and α-synuclein(α-Syn) in substantia nigra(SN) were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The results showed that after the injection of reserpine, the hair color of the model group became yellow and dirty; the arrest behavior was weakened, and the body weight was reduced. The spontaneous movement and exploration behavior were reduced, and the coordination exercise ability was decreased. The number of oral chewing was increased, but the cognitive ability was decreased, and the proportion of DRD1 positive expression area in SN was decreased. The expression of TH protein and mRNA was down-regulated, and that of α-Syn protein and mRNA was up-regulated. After cinnamaldehyde intervention, it had an obvious curative effect on PD model animals. The spontaneous movement behavior, the time of staying in the rod, the time of movement, the distance of movement, and the number of standing times increased, and the number of oral chewing decreased. The proportion of DRD1 positive expression area in SN increased, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of α-Syn were down-regulated. The protein and mRNA expression levels of TH were up-regulated. In addition, the levels of DA, DOPAC, and homovanillic acid(HVA) neurotransmitters in the brain were up-regulated. This study can provide a new experimental basis for clinical treatment and prevention of PD.

Deep eutectic solvent extraction combined with magnetic bead ligand fishing for identification of α-glucosidase inhibitors from Pueraria lobata.

In this study, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction combined with a magnetic bead ligand affinity analytical method was developed and used for α-glucosidase inhibitor identification from Pueraria lobata. Several critical parameters affecting the analysis performance, including the type of DES, molar ratio, water amount, pH, salt concentration, and volume of DES, were investigated. The selected analytical sample preparation conditions were as follows. The composition of DES is choline chloride-1,4-butanediol (1:3), the water content is 40%, pH is 7.0 and the volume of extraction solution is 2 mL. The obtained sample extraction solution was analyzed directly using α-glucosidase immobilized magnetic beads (GMBs). Three α-glucosidase inhibitors in Pueraria lobata, including puerarin, daidzin, and daidzein, were identified. Luteolin was used as a positive control to evaluate the method's selectivity. Results showed it could selectively bond to the GMBs in the DES. As the affinity analysis was performed directly in a DES, the solution-removing process could be avoided. The intra-day and inter-day precisions of the method are 5.21% and 6.38%, respectively. The solvent amount was 1/50-1/2000 of that used in traditional methods.

A Retrospective Study to Evaluate the Role of Dynamic Fracture Mobility in the Conservative Treatment of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether dynamic fracture mobility could affect the outcome of conservative treatment in patients with acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). METHODS: A total of 158 patients who underwent conservative treatment in our hospital for painful OVCFs were included in this study and their data were retrospectively analyzed. According to the degree of pain relief, patients were divided into an excellent efficacy group and a poor efficacy group. Factors that may affect the outcome of conservative treatment were recorded for each patient. Variables with a statistical difference between the 2 groups were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the factors influencing the outcome of conservative treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was also performed. RESULTS: The result showed that dynamic fracture mobility, overweight, age, and bone mineral density (BMD) (all P < 0.001) were independent factors influencing the outcome of conservative treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the cutoff values for age and BMD that predicted treatment effect were 72.5 years and -3.30, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that dynamic fracture mobility could be used as an independent factor predicting the outcome of conservative treatment in patients with acute OVCFs. It was also shown that overweight, age, and BMD were other independent factors influencing the outcome of conservative treatment. A comprehensive evaluation of these related factors can guide the doctor to take appropriate treatment for a unique acute OCVF.

Enlightening from optimizing post-authorization safety monitoring system of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in major economies worldwide / 中华预防医学杂志

Ongoing global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has promoted the unprecedented rapid development and large-scale rolling out of different platform-based COVID-19 vaccines worldwide. How to effectively respond to the expected scale increasing adverse events after vaccination campaign of COVID-19 vaccines is a common problem faced by the world. A lot of countries and regions around the world have arranged in advance at different levels, optimizing the original vaccine safety monitoring system from the perspectives of strengthening the foundation and capabilities, promoting internal and external cooperation, upgrading methods, as well as improving transparency and public communication, which has ensured the good and efficient operation of the system and can provide reference for the construction of relevant fields in China.

Anticoagulation after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for portal hypertension: A systematic review and meta analysis.

BACKGROUND: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is widely applied to decrease portal hypertension. Because of the lack of strong evidence, it is controversial whether anticoagulation should be performed after TIPS. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of anticoagulation for patients with portal hypertension following TIPS. METHODS: Studies making comparisons between combination treatment and TIPS alone were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Cochrane Library, PubMed, the Wan Fang electronic databases, and EMBASE, delivered between the earliest accessible date and September 4, 2021. The RevMan version 5.3 was applied to conduct all statistical analyses. I2 index statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS: Five eligible studies were selected, and total 707 patients were enrolled. According to the meta-analysis, compared to TIPS alone, TIPS + anticoagulation led to much lower incidence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT; odds ratio [OR] = 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.18-0.84, P = .02) as well as low heterogeneity (P = 0.36, I2 = 3%). Other index like the stent dysfunction rate (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.71-2.77, P = .42), bleeding rate (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.71-2.77, P = .42), and incidence of hepatic encephalopathy (OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.56-1.36, P = .55) showed no statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: In certain patients with portal hypertension, anticoagulation following TIPS may not be required. However, for patients who do not have a PVT before TIPS, post-TIPS anticoagulation can decrease the incidence of PVT. Nonetheless, further research is still required.

Chitosan-based matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction assisted cell membrane magnetic bead ligand-affinity assay for screening active compounds from Fructus Cnidii.

Cell membrane ligand-affinity assay is a useful tool for screening the active compounds from natural products. However, in traditional cell membrane ligand-affinity assays, natural products need to be refluxed, before being analyzed. This process consumes considerable time and energy and cannot be used for screening natural products that contain thermally unstable compounds. Therefore, an efficient analytical method is required. In this study, chitosan-based matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction was combined with cell membrane magnetic bead ligand-affinity assay to form a novel method for identifying the active compounds in Fructus Cnidii such as osthole and imperatorin. When compared with traditional cell membrane ligand-affinity assays, this assay requires less energy, extraction time (7 min), solvent volume (1.2 mL), and fewer natural products (40 mg). This indicates that the chitosan-based matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction assisted cell membrane magnetic beads ligand-affinity assay is an alternative analytical method for studying natural products.

Ligand fishing via a monolithic column coated with white blood cell membranes: A useful technique for screening active compounds in Astractylodes lancea.

The cell membrane-coated monolithic column (CMMC) ligand fishing assay is an interesting approach set up for the study of natural products (NPs). NPs such as Atractylodes lancea contain many compounds. Traditional methods used to separate compounds and determine active compounds by pharmacological tests are time-consuming and inefficient. Therefore, an alternative method is required to determine active compounds in NPs. Here, white blood cells were broken, and the white blood cell membranes (WBCMs) were immobilized on the surface of a monolithic column to form a CMMC. The column was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), the CMMC was used to screen active compounds in Atractylodes lancea. Three potential active compounds including hinesol, ß-eudesmol, and 4-phenylbenzaldehyde were discovered. A molecular docking assay demonstrated that these compounds could bind to MD-2 laid on WBCMs. In addition, antiinflammatory effects by the discovered compound in vitro were confirmed, and ß-eudesmol showed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α of a RAW264.7 cell (P < 0.05). The CMMC ligand fishing assay exhibits good selectivity, great speed effects and is a potentially reliable tool for drug discovery in NPs.

Could saline irrigation clear all residual common bile duct stones after lithotripsy? A self-controlled prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: A previous study showed that irrigation with 100 mL saline reduced residual common bile duct (CBD) stones, which potentially cause recurrent stones after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. AIM: To determine whether saline irrigation can improve CBD clearance after lithotripsy. METHODS: This prospective self-controlled study enrolled patients receiving mechanical lithotripsy for large (> 1.2 cm) CBD stones. After occlusion cholangiography confirmed CBD stone clearance, peroral cholangioscopy (POC) was performed to determine clearance scores based on the number of residual stones. The amounts of residual stones spotted via POC were graded on a 5-point scale (score 1, worst; score 5, best). Scores were documented after only stone removal (control) and after irrigation with 50 mL and 100 mL saline, respectively. The stone composition was analyzed using infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS: Between October 2018 and January 2020, 47 patients had CBD clearance scores of 2.4 ± 1.1 without saline irrigation, 3.5 ± 0.7 with 50 mL irrigation, and 4.6 ± 0.6 with 100 mL irrigation (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that CBD diameter > 15 mm [odds ratio (OR) = 0.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01-0.49; P = 0.007] and periampullary diverticula (PAD) (OR = 6.51, 95%CI: 1.08-39.21; P = 0.041) were independent risk factors for residual stones. Bilirubin pigment stones constituted the main residual stones found in patients with PAD (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Irrigation with 100 mL of saline may not clear all residual CBD stones after lithotripsy, especially in patients with PAD and/or a dilated (> 15 mm) CBD. Pigment residual stones are soft and commonly found in patients with PAD. Additional saline irrigation may be required to remove retained stones.

HPLC-DAD Characteristic Chromatogram of Baphicacanthis Cusiae Rhizoma et Radix / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish the characteristic chromatogram of Baphicacanthis Cusiae Rhizoma et Radix and its decoction pieces by HPLC for the identification of authentic and counterfeit products. METHODS: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used with Agilent Zorbax C18(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water with gradient elution. The detector was a secondary tube array (DAD). The column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃, the flow rate was 1.0 mL•min-1, and the injection volume was 10 μL. RESULTS: Fifteen batches of genuine crude drug and twelve batches of genuine decoction pieces were determined. Five common peaks were found, among which three peaks were 2-benzoxazolinone, indigo and indirubin. CONCLUSION: The established characteristic chromatogram of Baphicacanthis Cusiae Rhizoma et Radix can effectively distinguish the authentic from the counterfeit. The methodological demonstration shows that the method is accurate, stable and reproducible.

Effect of Mixed Inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal on Growth and Chemical Composition of Aucklandia lappa Seedlings / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the synergistic effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal（AM） fungi mixed inoculation on the growth，physiological and biochemical characteristics，root biomass and terpenoid component accumulation of Aucklandia lappa seedlings，so as to provide a reference for the combination and application of the dominant complementary effect mycorrhizal fungi. Method:The effect of different AM fungi combined with inoculation on the root mycorrhizal infection rate，plant growth，physiological and biochemical characteristics，root biomass，costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone of A. lappa seedlings were determined by pot inoculation at room temperature. Result:It was found that AM fungi could form good mycorrhizal symbiosis with the roots of A. lappa.The formation of mycorrhizal symbiosis system could increase the chlorophyll content of A. lappa leaves，increase the activities of catalase（CAT），peroxidase （POD），superoxide dismutase （SOD），reduce the content of malondialdehyde（MDA），and promote photosynthesis of A. lappa. Compared with CK group，AM fungus treatment could significantly promote the accumulation of costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone，and the accumulation of its metabolites，costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone，into roots during the symbiotic cultivation of A. lappa seedlings，indirectly improving the quality of medicines and yield of alantolactone. Conclusion:Inoculation of AM fungi can improve the root mycorrhizal viability，increase the absorption of nutrients and promote the growth of woody incense.The mixed inoculation treatment of S2，S4 and S5 had the best mycorrhizal effect in artificial cultivation，and the growth and medicinal quality of A. lappa were the best，which provided technical support for the application and popularization of A. lappa mycorrhizal biotechnology.

Effect of Different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Combinations and Inoculation Periods on Rhizosphere Soil Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Quantity of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis Seedlings / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi combinations on rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties and microbial quantity in the seedlings of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis at different inoculation periods，so as to lay a foundation for cultivating high-quality P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Method:The spore density，infection rate，nutrient and enzyme activity in the soil around the roots of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis seedlings under different AM fungi combinations and different inoculation periods were analyzed by the greenhouse pot inoculation trials and soil agrochemical analysis methods. Result:The infection rate of different AM fungi treatment groups was more than 80% in different inoculation periods，and the spore density was higher than control （CK） group in some periods. It reflected that the relationship between AM fungi and roots of Paris polyphylla seedlings was favorable. The content of nitrogen in the soil decreased，but the content of available P，available K and soil pH increased. The soil nutrients in the cultivar one-year seedlings and wild seedlings were higher. The total number of soil microorganisms showed that bacteria>actinomycetes>fungi. The cultivar two-year seedlings with AM fungi combinations of S3，S5 and S8 had better soil structure and higher biomass carbon content. The growth rates of phosphatase and protease activity were higher in the soil，but catalase activity was lowest. In the treatment groups S2，S3，S4，S5 and S6，the soil enzyme activities of the wild seedlings and one-year-old seedlings were best. Conclusion:Different AM fungal treatment groups and different inoculation periods had certain effects on rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties and microbial quantity in the seedlings of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis， which provided a technical basis for the cultivation of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

Effect of Field Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Rhizosphere Soil Structure of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza（AM） fungi inoculation on the rhizosphere soil of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis under field conditions，so as to provide a reference for the standardized cultivation and development of high-quality varieties of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Method:The effects of inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi on the rhizosphere soil structure of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were observed through a combination of small-scale field inoculation test and laboratory analysis. Soil indexes were determined by soil agrochemical methods. Result:The treatment groups inoculated with exogenous AM fungi showed a regulatory effect on the infection rate and intensity of AM fungi infection in the root system of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. After treatment with AM fungi，the soil pH was basically not affected，and the contents of organic matter，available nitrogen，available phosphorus，and available potassium increased. Moreover，the number of fungi decreased，the number of bacteria and actinomycetes increased，and soil enzyme activities increased. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation among the soil physical and chemical indexes，especially the bacterial number and the three types of phosphatases showed extremely significant correlation （r=0.849，0.800，0.804，P<0.01）. Conclusion:The application of the two mixed fungicides could increase the number of microorganisms and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis， and there was a certain synergy effect among the soil factors. Among the three field trials，the effects in Anshun，Guizhou and Wanzhou，Chongqing were more ideal，which provided a theoretical and practical basis for large-scale promotion of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis in the field.

Effect of Different Exogenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Combinations on Rhizosphere Soil Environment of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of different arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi combinations on the rhizospheric environment of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Method:The different combinations of 12 arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi species were inoculated to the seedlings P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis planted in the sterilized soil under the condition of room temperature to investigate their infection abilities and effects on the root activity，soil nutrient contents，enzyme activities and microbial community structure of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizospheric environment. Result:The inoculation of exogenous AM fungi can regulate the spore densities and infection rate of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizosphere AM to improve the root activity， the exogenous AM fungi can also regulate the nutrient contents in the rhizosphere soil，increase the contents of total glomalin and easily extracted glomalin，increase the abilities of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis to absorb the available N，P and K，and increase the enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soil， improve the microbial community structure， and improve the rhizospheric environment of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis by increasing the bacteria/fungi and bacteria/actinomycetes quantity ratios and reducing the fungi/actinomycetes quantity ratio. Conclusion:Different AM fungal treatment groups had certain effects on the physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of the rhizosphere soil of P.polyphylla var. yunnanensis，which provided a technical basis for the cultivation of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

Effect of Different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Soil Nutrients in Rhizosphere Soil of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis Seedlings / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To clarify the effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi on the rhizosphere soil nutrient content，AM fungi infection rate and total rhizome saponins content of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis under symbiosis culture. Method:The changes in the root AM fungi infection rate，rhizosphere soil nutrient content，total rhizome saponins content of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and the relationship of the rhizosphere soil factors，the infection rate and the total rhizome saponins content after AM fungi inoculation were analyzed by the method of combining room temperature pot inoculation and data analysis. Result:As compared with the CK group，the root AM fungi infection rate of the AM inoculation group was significantly enhanced （P<0.05），the content of easily extractable glomalin，total glomalin，and total nitrogen increased significantly，while available potassium content and pH significantly decreased. After inoculation with AM fungi，the contents of total phosphorus，available phosphorus，available nitrogen，ammonium nitrogen，nitrate nitrogen，available potassium，and organic matter in the rhizosphere soil of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis showed significant differences as compared with the CK group. The soil nutrient status was improved，and the total saponin content in the rhizome of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was increased. Conclusion:Inoculation with AM fungi can improve the rhizosphere soil nutrient status of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis，promote the nutrient transformation in the rhizosphere soil，promote the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis，and improve the quality of medicinal herbs.

Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation on Physical and Chemical Properties of Rhizosphere Soil of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the infection rate of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis at different periods，the changes of mineral nutrients in rhizosphere soil and the correlation among the factors under different arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi conditions. Method:28 kinds of AM fungi were inoculated into the seedlings of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis by single factor pot experiment. The samples were collected in August （fruit ripening period） and November （senescence period） to analyze the infection rate and the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil. Result:The mycorrhizal infection rate of each treatment group was 75%-100% in the fruit ripening period and senescence period. The contents of easily extracted glomalin and total glomalin in rhizosphere soil increased to different degrees in these two periods as compared with CK group， the pH of rhizosphere soil in the two treatment groups showed an increasing trend， the content of organic matter in rhizosphere soil decreased significantly in the fruit ripening period in all the treatment groups，and the organic matter in rhizosphere soil in the senescence period showed no significant differences. The total N and K contents in rhizosphere soil decreased in both periods， and the other physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil increased or decreased without significant change regularity. Correlation analysis showed that the infection rate was correlated with the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil to a certain degree. Conclusion:Inoculation of AM fungi can affect the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis to some extent，and provide reference value for the application of AM fungi in the cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine.

Recombinant expression and purification of spider toxin, JZTX-51 and JZTX-26, from Chilobrachys jingzhao / 生物工程学报

To establish a simple, quick and effective method to get a large amount of spider toxin JZTX-26 (35 aa) and JZTX-51 (27 aa) with 3 disulfide bonds each, the mature peptides coding gene fragments were constructed and fused with maltose-binding protein (MBP) tag in an Escherichia coli expression vector pMAL-p2x. The recombinant constructs pMAL-jz26 and pMAL-jz51 were transformed and cultured in E. coli TB1 and BL21 (DE3). After being induced by isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside (IPTG), the periplasmic proteins were purified by amylose affinity chromatography and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The fusion proteins were digested with factor X, and purified by Sizes-Exclusion chromatography and Reversed Phase HPLC. Molecular weights of the purified peptides were obtained by using a MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometer, which were consistent with the theoretical molecular weights. Five milligram of target protein could be purified from 1 L of culture medium. The results indicate that the peptides with three disulfide bonds can be expressed by using the prokaryotic expression system with MBP tag. Our findings suggest the possibility of genetic engineering to obtain large amount of spider peptide toxins.

[Epidemiological analysis of malaria situation in Wenzhou City in 2015].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of malaria prevalence in Wenzhou City, so as to provide the evidence for improving the comprehensive control of malaria. METHODS: The epidemiological data of malaria cases in Wenzhou City in 2015 were collected and analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological methods. RESULTS: Totally 24 imported malaria cases were reported in Wenzhou City in 2015 with the incidence of 0.26 per 100 000 and no case was dead. Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum, and P. ovale were identified in 1 (4.17%), 20 (83.33%), and 3 (12.50%) cases, respectively. The cases reported in Rui'an, Cangnan and Lucheng counties/districts accounted for 70.83% (17/24) of the total cases in Wenzhou City. The cases were mostly concentrated in male young adults and 23 cases (95.83%) were imported from Africa. CONCLUSIONS: Malaria epidemic situation in Wenzhou City is relatively stable and no local malaria cases were reported in 2015. However, the control work of imported malaria should be strengthened.

Planting area estimation of Chinese Tibetan medicine Herpetospermum pedunculosum based on RS&GIS-by case study of Lengqi and Xinglong town in Luding county / 中国中药杂志

The herbs used as the material for traditional Chinese medicine are mostly planted at mountain areas where there is appropriate weather condition. Due to the complex terrain condition in mountain area, the planting at such places is always associated with a scattered pattern, which inevitably bring difficulty to the work of accurate measurement for the planting area. Advanced research about monitoring the planting area for medicine-herb under complex environmental condition is so critical and meaningful for developing the medicine-herb planting to a large scale and an industry. Therefore, this research, taking the planting of Herpetospermum pedunculosum in Luding county as an example, utilizes RS&GIS: using the image data from TM and ETM datum as the remote sensing information source, integrating GPS data from quadrat survey on the spots, and analyzing on a GIS platform, to extract the planting area of H. pedunculosum in Luding county. The results indicate that: (1) the method and technology used to estimate the planting area of H. pedunculosum are feasible and can be applied to monitoring the planting area of medicine-herb at mountain area under complex environmental conditions: (2) the planting area of H. pedunculosum in Luding county is estimated to be 857. 246 acres by the methods utilized in this research, which is closed to the value from local statistical data with an error range less than 5%; (3) in consideration of those inevitable errorrs generating from the procedures such as remote sensing data acquisition, data preprocessing, data interpretation, and so on, and the fact that the classification of remote sensing data, which must be implemented by those above procedures, was used directly to extract the herb type, the accuracy of area estimation for the herb is significantly influenced by the accuracy of classification for herb type, and the estimated area is inevitably associated with some error.

Drug permeability through buccal mucosa / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of physicochemical properties of drug on its permeability through buccal mucosa.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Benzoic acid, caffeine and hydrocortisone were selected as model drugs and their permeability coefficients through isolated porcine buccal mucosa were determined.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The permeability coefficients of benzoic acid, caffeine and hydrocortisone through isolated porcine buccal mucosa were (1.01 x 10(-4)+/-1.64 x 10(-5))cm.s(-1)ì(2.75 x 10(-5)+/-1.79 x 10(-6))cm.s(-1) and (2.49 x 10(-5)+/-6.32 x 10(-6))cm.s(-1), which were 14,989 and 389 times as those through human skin, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The permeability of drugs through buccal mucosa seems to be much better than that through human skin.</p>

Construction of mutant population of differential race of Xa23 resistant to rice bacterial blight and avirulence activity identification of mutants / 生物工程学报

The mutant population of Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae strain differential to rice bacterial blight resistance gene Xa23 has been constructed mediated by transposon in vivo . The results of PCR amplification with specific primers and analysis of flanking sequence of mutants indicated that the foreign DNA has been integrated into X. oryzae pv oryzae genome. Four mutants with changed avirulent activity to Xa23 gene have been identified by artificial inoculation. It is possible to clone genes that are required for AvrXa23 avirulence activity using this new strategy.