Three-way decision based reconstruction frame for fluorescence molecular tomography.

Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) has been a promising imaging tool because it allows an accurate localizaton and quantitative analysis of the fluorophore distribution in animals. It, however, is still a challenge since its reconstruction suffers from severe ill-posedness. This paper introduces a reconstruction frame based on three-way decisions (TWD) for the inverse problem of FMT. On the first stage, a reconstruction result on the whole region is obtained by a certain reconstruction algorithm. With TWD, the recovered result has been divided into three regions: fluorescent target region, boundary region, and background region. On the second stage, the boundary region and fluorescent target region have been combined into the permissible region of the target. Then a new reconstruction on the permissible region has been carried out and a new recovered result is obtained. With TWD again, the new result has been classified into three pairwise disjoint regions. And the new fluorescent target region is the final reconstructed result. Both numerical simulation experiments and a real mouse experiment are carried out to validate the feasibility and potential of the presented reconstruction frame. The results indicate that the proposed reconstuction strategy based on TWD can provide a good performance in FMT reconstruction.

Correlation between event-related potential and behavioral problems in early school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the cognitive characteristics in early school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using event-related potential (ERP) and Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), as well as the correlation between ERP and behavioral problems.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 22 children aged 6-7 years with ADHD and 19 healthy children matched by age were enrolled. Continue Performance Test-AX (CPT-AX) was performed for ERP test. The amplitude and latency of N2 and P3 of Go and Nogo were compared. The CBCL was completed by the parents, and the correlation between behavioral factors and ERP was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ADHD group had a significantly higher number of ERP omissions than the normal control group (10±8 vs 5±4; P<0.05), while the reaction time and number of commission errors showed no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). The ADHD group showed a significantly lower Go-N2 amplitude than the normal control group (-8±5 μV vs -10±4 μV; P<0.05). In the ADHD group, the detection rates of hyperactivity, attack, and discipline violation were 27%, 27% and 9% respectively. The scores on attack and discipline violation subscales were negatively correlated with the Go-N2 amplitude of ERP (r=-0.43 and -0.48 respectively; P<0.05), while the score on hyperactivity subscale was positively correlated with the latency of Go-P3 (r=0.50, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The early school-age children with ADHD show the tendency to the impairment of attention/executive function, but the inhibition function defect has not been noted. In early school-age children with ADHD, the behavioral problems such as hyperactivity, attack, and discipline violation are associated with ERP.</p>