ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the partition-defective 3 protein (Par3) regulates cervical carcinoma growth and metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to analyze the expression of Par3 protein in samples from 89 cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) patients among Uyghur women. The specific short hairpin (shRNA) vector as well as eu- karyotic expression vector of PARD3 was transfected into SiHa cell lines. The variation of migration and invasion after transfection was determined using Transwell assays, cell cycle, and apoptosis were assayed by flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS: The incidence of CSCC was associated with reduced expression of Par3. Downregulation of Par3 was significantly associated with more advanced tumors (i.e., higher histological grade, lymph node involvement, and higher tumor stages) (p < 0.05 for all). Lost expression of Par3 promotes prolif- eration, inhibits apoptosis, and enhances migration and invasion. Loss of Par3 induces MMP9 expression and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) related genes (N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and ß-catenin) expression changed in SiHa cells. CONCLUSIONS: The reduced Par3 expression in cervical cancer indicates tumor-suppressive properties of Par3 that may be a marker of poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients, and the molecular determinants of epithelial polarity which have tumorigenesis enhancing impact, might through EMT.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary , Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/genetics , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing , Adult , Aged , Apoptosis/genetics , Carcinogenesis/genetics , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism , Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement/genetics , Cell Proliferation/genetics , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Metastasis , RNA, Small Interfering/genetics , Transfection , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/metabolismABSTRACT
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays an important role in the development of liver fibrosis. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 3a is the largest subunit of the eIF3 complex and has been involved in pulmonary fibrosis. However, the role of eIF3a in liver fibrosis remains largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the role of eIF3a in transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1)-induced HSC activation. Our results demonstrated that the expression of eIF3a was up-regulated in human liver fibrotic tissues and activated HSCs. In addition, knockdown of eIF3a suppressed TGF-ß-induced HSC proliferation and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I. Furthermore, knockdown of eIF3a inhibited the expression of p-Smad3 induced by TGF-ß1 in HSCs. These results suggest that eIF3a may function as a novel regulator to modulate HSC activation, potentially through inhibiting the TGF-ß1/Smad3 signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-3/metabolism , Gene Knockdown Techniques , Hepatic Stellate Cells/metabolism , Hepatic Stellate Cells/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism , Actins/metabolism , Cell Proliferation , Collagen Type I/metabolism , Gene Silencing , Humans , Phosphorylation , Signal Transduction , Smad3 Protein/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective. To study and track the reliability growth of manned spaceflight cabin-borne equipment in the course of its development. Method. A new technique of reliability growth estimation and prediction, which is composed of the Crow model and test data conversion (TDC) method was used. Result. The estimation and prediction value of the reliability growth conformed to its expectations. Conclusion. The method could dynamically estimate and predict the reliability of the equipment by making full use of various test information in the course of its development. It offered not only a possibility of tracking the equipment reliability growth, but also the reference for quality control in manned spaceflight cabin-borne equipment design and development process.
Subject(s)
Equipment and Supplies/standards , Models, Theoretical , Quality Control , Space Flight/instrumentation , Spacecraft/instrumentation , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure , Space Flight/standards , Spacecraft/standardsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the temperature environment of different emergency landing areas and discuss the heat exchange between astronaut and the temperature environment. In addition, countermeasures against the emergency temperature environment were discussed. METHOD: Heat exchange equation between man and environment was built using the law of energy conservation, and factors that affect the heat balance of human body were discussed. RESULT: It was found that temperature, humidity, air pressure, velocity of wind and solar radiation are factors affecting the thermal balance of the astronaut. CONCLUSION: It is important for an astronaut to act properly and use the living devices and the environment conditions correctly during the emergency landing.