A Cross-Sectional Study on Awareness of Tuberculosis Control Among Post-Treatment Tuberculosis Patients in a City in China.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate awareness of tuberculosis control among post-treatment tuberculosis patients, in order to provide a basis for future preventive and control work in this population. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on post-treatment patients with tuberculosis in seven districts of Jinan City between July 2021 and December 2022. A face-to-face or telephone interviews using structured questionnaires for the research subjects were conducted by data collectors. Analyses were carried out first for all subjects, and then separately for male and female subjects. Results: A total of 837 valid questionnaires were collected, of which 495 were males and 342 were females. The awareness rate of the core TB knowledge was 82.46%. The ≥65 year group in the total group (OR=0.43, 95% CI: (0.28, 0.68)), male (OR=0.47, 95% CI: (0.27, 0.83)) and female group (OR=0.40, 95% CI: (0.19, 0.86)) was lower than that of the control group. Educational level and monthly income are the main factors of TB cognition in total group. People with university or higher education (OR=2.05, 95% CI: (1.38, 3.05)) and with a monthly income of ≥6,000 (OR=1.89, 95% CI: (1.10, 3.25)) had a higher awareness rate. The group with current residence in the city was more aware than the reference group. Conclusion: In the future, the communication of the main transmission route, suspicious symptoms, and cure of TB needs to be strengthened for the post-treatment TB patients. The elderly, those with secondary school education or below, agricultural workers and low-income people are the groups with weak knowledge of TB, and they are also the groups that need to be focused on health education. The above information should be focused on the above groups of people in order to educate them in a way that is easily acceptable to them.

Synthesis of tetracyclic dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine-fused ß-lactams via visible-light-induced Staudinger annulation.

An efficient visible-light-induced Staudinger [2 + 2] annulation reaction between α-diazo ketones and dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine/thiazepine-imines under catalyst-free conditions has been developed. This protocol provides a facile method to synthesize tetracyclic dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine/thiazepine-fused ß-lactams bearing a quaternary carbon center with a broad substrate scope and high efficiency (37 examples, up to >99% yield).

Chromatin accessibility memory of donor cells disrupts bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer blastocysts development.

The post-transfer developmental capacity of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) blastocysts is reduced, implying that abnormalities in gene expression regulation are present at blastocyst stage. Chromatin accessibility, as an indicator for transcriptional regulatory elements mediating gene transcription activity, has heretofore been largely unexplored in SCNT embryos, especially at blastocyst stage. In the present study, single-cell sequencing assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (scATAC-seq) of in vivo and SCNT blastocysts were conducted to segregate lineages and demonstrate the aberrant chromatin accessibility of transcription factors (TFs) related to inner cell mass (ICM) development in SCNT blastocysts. Pseudotime analysis of lineage segregation further reflected dysregulated chromatin accessibility dynamics of TFs in the ICM of SCNT blastocysts compared to their in vivo counterparts. ATAC- and ChIP-seq results of SCNT donor cells revealed that the aberrant chromatin accessibility in the ICM of SCNT blastocysts was due to the persistence of chromatin accessibility memory at corresponding loci in the donor cells, with strong enrichment of trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3) at these loci. Correction of the aberrant chromatin accessibility through demethylation of H3K4me3 by KDM5B diminished the expression of related genes (e.g., BCL11B) and significantly improved the ICM proliferation in SCNT blastocysts. This effect was confirmed by knocking down BCL11B in SCNT embryos to down-regulate p21 and alleviate the inhibition of ICM proliferation. These findings expand our understanding of the chromatin accessibility abnormalities in SCNT blastocysts and BCL11B may be a potential target to improve SCNT efficiency.

C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 improves the developmental potential of bovine oocytes by activating SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 during maturation†.

In vitro maturation of mammalian oocytes is an important means in assisted reproductive technology. Most bovine immature oocytes complete nuclear maturation, but less than half develop to the blastocyst stage after fertilization. Thus, inefficient in vitro production is mainly caused by a suboptimal in vitro culture process, in which oocyte quality appears to be the limiting factor. In our study, a potential maternal regulator, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12, was identified by analyzing transcriptome data. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 supplementation promoted the developmental potential of oocytes by improving protein synthesis and reorganizing cortical granules and mitochondria during in vitro maturation, which eventually increased blastocyst formation efficiency and cell number after parthenogenesis, fertilization, and cloning. All these promoting effects by C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 were achieved by activating SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2, thereby promoting the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. These findings provide an in vitro maturation system that closely resembles the maternal environment to provide high-quality oocytes for in vitro production.

Synthesis of ß-Ketonitriles via N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Catalyzed Radical Coupling of Aldehydes and Azobis(isobutyronitrile).

Herein, an NHC (N-heterocyclic carbene)-catalyzed radical coupling reaction between aldehydes and azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) has been developed. This method provides an efficient and convenient approach for the synthesis of ß-ketonitriles containing a quaternary carbon center (31 examples, up to >99% yield) utilizing commercially available substrates. This protocol features broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and high efficiency under metal-free and mild reaction conditions.

A rapid approach to capture the potential bioactive compounds from Rhizoma Drynariae, utilizing disease-associated mutation in calcium sensing receptor to alter the binding affinity for agonists.

Rhizoma Drynariae (RD) was used clinically to treat osteoporosis in China due to stimulating bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption, however, the bioactive constituents with the dual effect on bone are still unknown exactly. Disease-causing mutations in calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) can alter parathyroid hormone secretion and affect Ca2+ release from bone and Ca2+ reabsorption from kidney, which gives an indication that CaSR is a potential target for developing therapeutics to manage osteoporosis. Herein, a chromatographic approach was established, by immobilizing the mutant CaSR onto the surface of silica gels as stationary phase in a one-step procedure and then adding the different amino acids into mobile phase as competitors, for exploring the binding features of the known agonists and further screening ligands from RD. The mutant CaSR-coated column was prepared rapidly without the complicated purification and separation of the receptor, which had the large capacity of 13.1 mg CaSR /g silica gels and kept a good stability and specificity for at least 35 days. The CaSR mutation can weaken the binding affinities for three agonists, and the largest decreases occurred on the mutational site Thr151Met for neomycin, on the two sites of Asn118Lys and Glu191Lys for gentamicin-C, and on the site Phe612Ser for kanamycin, which gained new insights into their structure-function relationship. The potential bioactive compounds from RD were screened using the mutant CaSR-coated column and were recognized as coumaric acid 4-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside, caffeic acid, and naringin using UPLC-MS. Among them, naringin targeting CaSR gives a possible explanation that RD could manage osteoporosis. These results indicated that, such a rapid and simple method, utilizing disease-associated mutation in CaSR to alter the binding affinity for agonists, can be applied in capturing the potential bioactive compounds efficiently from complex matrices like herb medicines.

Investigation of insecticidal activity of two Rhododendron species on stored-product insects.

This study was designed to investigate the insecticidal activity of the essential oils (EOs) and extracts from Rhododendron rufum and Rhododendron przewalskii. The EOs were extracted from the leaves of R. Rufum and R. przewalskii by hydro-distillation and their chemical components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The repellency, contact toxicity and antifeedant activity of the EOs and extracts were evaluated against Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum along with those of their main components. A total of nine compounds were identified from the EO of R. Rufum, and the most abundant component was myristicin (79.72%). The EO of R. Rufum exhibited repellent activities at different levels and its main compound myristicin showed contact toxicity and repellent effects against S. oryzae and T. castaneum. Meanwhile, by bioassay-guided fractionation, four compounds with strong antifeedant activities against T. castaneum, 24-methylenecycloartanyl-2'E, 4'Z-tetradecadienoate (1), methyl thyrsiflorin B acetate (2), friedelin (3) and Excoecarin R1 methyl ester (4) were separated and identified from the ethanol extract of R. przewalskii for the first time. Considering the significant anti-insect activities, the EOs and extracts of R. Rufum and R. przewalskii might be used in integrated pest strategies, establishing a good perspective for the comprehensive use of natural plant resources of Rhododendron genus.

Association between muscle mass and quality of life in Shaanxi adults / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate the association between muscle mass and quality of life in adults in Shaanxi adults. Methods: The data in this analysis were part of the baseline survey of the Regional Ethnic Cohort Study in Northwest China from June 2018 to May 2019 in Shaanxi Province. The participants' quality of life, including physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS), was assessed by the 12-Item Short Form Survey, and the Body Fat Determination System measured muscle mass. A logistic regression model with adjustment for confounding factors was established to analyze the association between muscle mass and quality of life in different genders. Further, sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted to explore its stability. Finally, a restricted cubic spline was employed to investigate the dose-response relationship between muscle mass and quality of life in different genders. Results: A total of 20 595 participants were included, with an average age of 55.0, and 33.4% were male. After controlling for potential confounders, compared with the Q1 group, the risk of low PCS was reduced by 20.6% (OR=0.794, 95%CI: 0.681-0.925) and the risk of low MCS was lower reduced by 20.1% (OR=0.799, 95%CI: 0.689-0.926) in female Q5 groups. Compared with the Q1 group, the risk of low PCS was reduced by 24.4% (OR=0.756, 95%CI: 0.644-0.888) in the male Q2 group. However, no significant association between muscle mass and MCS in males has been found. In females, restricted cubic spline analysis showed a significant linear dose-response relationship between muscle mass and PCS and MCS. Conclusions: There is a positive association between muscle mass and quality of life in Shaanxi adults, especially females. With the increase in muscle mass, the physical and mental functions of the population continue to improve.

Stereoselective synthesis of C3-tetrasubstituted oxindoles via copper catalyzed asymmetric propargylation.

Herein, a copper catalyzed asymmetric propargylation of 2-oxindole-3-carboxylate esters with terminal propargylic esters is described. This strategy successfully provides a direct approach to constructing a broad range of chiral C3-tetrasubstituted oxindoles with contiguous tertiary and quaternary carbon stereocenters in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (16 examples, up to 99% yield and 98% ee). Moreover, the diastereoisomers of the two newly formed stereocenters can be separated by silica gel chromatography, thereby providing a valuable stereoselective access to all four possible stereoisomers of C3-tetrasubstituted oxindoles.

Tumor Microenvironment Characterization in Breast Cancer Identifies Prognostic and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Relevant Signatures.

Immune response which involves distinct immune cells is associated with prognosis of breast cancer. Nonetheless, less study have determined the associations of different types of immune cells with patient survival and treatment response. In this study, A total of 1,502 estrogen receptor(ER)-negative breast cancers from public databases were used to infer the proportions of 22 subsets of immune cells. Another 320 ER-negative breast cancer patients from Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital were also included and divided into the testing and validation cohorts. CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, and M1 macrophages were associated with favourable outcome (all p <0.01), whereas Treg cells were strongly associated with poor outcome (p = 0.005). Using the LASSO model, we classified patients into the stromal immunotype A and B subgroups according to immunoscores. The 10 years OS and DFS rates were significantly higher in the immunotype A subgroup than immunotype B subgroup. Stromal immunotype was identified as an independent prognostic indicator in multivariate analysis in all cohorts and was also related to pathological complete response(pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The nomogram that integrated the immunotype and clinicopathologic features showed good predictive accuracy for pCR and discriminatory power. The stromal immunotype A subgroup had higher expression levels of immune checkpoint molecules (PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4) and cytokines (IL-2, INF-γ, and TGF-ß). In addition, patients with immunotype A and B diseases had distinct mutation signatures. Therefore, The stromal immunotypes could predict survival and responses of ER-negative breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Phylogenomics of expanding uncultured environmental Tenericutes provides insights into their pathogenicity and evolutionary relationship with Bacilli.

BACKGROUND: The metabolic capacity, stress response and evolution of uncultured environmental Tenericutes have remained elusive, since previous studies have been largely focused on pathogenic species. In this study, we expanded analyses on Tenericutes lineages that inhabit various environments using a collection of 840 genomes. RESULTS: Several environmental lineages were discovered inhabiting the human gut, ground water, bioreactors and hypersaline lake and spanning the Haloplasmatales and Mycoplasmatales orders. A phylogenomics analysis of Bacilli and Tenericutes genomes revealed that some uncultured Tenericutes are affiliated with novel clades in Bacilli, such as RF39, RFN20 and ML615. Erysipelotrichales and two major gut lineages, RF39 and RFN20, were found to be neighboring clades of Mycoplasmatales. We detected habitat-specific functional patterns between the pathogenic, gut and the environmental Tenericutes, where genes involved in carbohydrate storage, carbon fixation, mutation repair, environmental response and amino acid cleavage are overrepresented in the genomes of environmental lineages, perhaps as a result of environmental adaptation. We hypothesize that the two major gut lineages, namely RF39 and RFN20, are probably acetate and hydrogen producers. Furthermore, deteriorating capacity of bactoprenol synthesis for cell wall peptidoglycan precursors secretion is a potential adaptive strategy employed by these lineages in response to the gut environment. CONCLUSIONS: This study uncovers the characteristic functions of environmental Tenericutes and their relationships with Bacilli, which sheds new light onto the pathogenicity and evolutionary processes of Mycoplasmatales.

Evidence of the Recombinant Origin and Ongoing Mutations in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-COV-2)

The recent global outbreak of viral pneumonia designated as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has threatened global public health and urged to investigate its source. Whole genome analysis of SARS-CoV-2 revealed ~96% genomic similarity with bat CoV (RaTG13) and clustered together in phylogenetic tree. Furthermore, RaTGl3 also showed 97.43% spike protein similarity with SARS-CoV-2 suggesting that RaTGl3 is the closest strain. However, RBD and key amino acid residues supposed to be crucial for human-to-human and cross-species transmission are homologues between SARS-CoV-2 and pangolin CoVs. These results from our analysis suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is a recombinant virus of bat and pangolin CoVs. Moreover, this study also reports mutations in coding regions of 125 SARS-CoV-2 genomes signifying its aptitude for evolution. In short, our findings propose that homologous recombination has been occurred between bat and pangolin CoVs that triggered cross-species transmission and emergence of SARS-CoV-2, and, during the ongoing outbreak, SARS-CoV-2 is still evolving for its adaptability.

Insights into the strategy of micro-environmental adaptation: Transcriptomic analysis of two alvinocaridid shrimps at a hydrothermal vent.

Diffusing fluid at a deep-sea hydrothermal vent creates rapid, acute physico-chemical gradients that correlate strongly with the distribution of the vent fauna. Two alvinocaridid shrimps, Alvinocaris longirostris and Shinkaicaris leurokolos occupy distinct microhabitats around these vents and exhibit different thermal preferences. S. leurokolos inhabits the central area closer to the active chimney, while A. longirostris inhabits the peripheral area. In this study, we screened candidate genes that might be involved in niche separation and microhabitat adaptation through comparative transcriptomics. The results showed that among the top 20% of overexpressed genes, gene families related to protein synthesis and structural components were much more abundant in S. leurokolos compared to A. longirostris. Moreover, 15 out of 25 genes involved in cellular carbohydrate metabolism were related to trehalose biosynthesis, versus 1 out of 5 in A. longirostris. Trehalose, a non-reducing disaccharide, is a multifunctional molecule and has been proven to act as a protectant responsible for thermotolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Putative positively selected genes involved in chitin metabolism and the immune system (lectin, serine protease and antimicrobial peptide) were enriched in S. leurokolos. In particular, one collagen and two serine proteases were found to have experienced strong positive selection. In addition, sulfotransferase-related genes were both overexpressed and positively selected in S. leurokolos. Finally, genes related to structural proteins, immune proteins and protectants were overexpressed or positively selected. These characteristics could represent adaptations of S. leurokolos to its microhabitat, which need to be confirmed by more evidence, such as data from large samples and different development stages of these alvinocaridid shrimps.

Genomic differences within the phylum Marinimicrobia: From waters to sediments in the Mariana Trench.

Marinimicrobia are widespread from the marine surface to the hadal zone. Major clades of Marinimicrobia have evolved to different ecotypes along with energy gradients, but their genomes in deeper waters and sediments have rarely been studied. Here we obtained 11 Marinimicrobia draft genomes from the water column in the full-ocean depth and the hadal sediments in the Mariana Trench. All the predicted genomic capabilities of the metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) are indicative of heterotrophic lifestyle. The MAGs from the hadal depths are distinct from those from the mesopelagic and bathypelagic depths by enrichment of the genes involved in amino acids metabolism and mismatch repair. Compared with the MAGs from waters, those from the sediments were dramatically expanded by acquiring the genes responsible for chemotaxis, mobility and the two-component systems. Marinimicrobia were apparently differentiated in the environments with different depths, organic matters and electronic acceptors. Our results also posit a potential evolutionary relationship between the species inhabiting the waters and sediments, indicating the occurrence of allopatric speciation in Marinimicrobia.

Correction: MiR-451 as a new tumor marker for gastric cancer.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17239.].

Fruit and vegetable intake and liver cancer risk: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

The associations of vegetable and fruit intake with liver cancer risk have been inconsistent based on epidemiological studies. The present study aimed to quantitatively evaluate these associations with prospective cohort studies. A systematic literature search was performed with PubMed and Scopus databases up to June 2019. Multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest versus lowest category were pooled by using a random-effects model. Pre-specified subgroup and univariate meta-regression analyses were performed to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Dose-response analysis was conducted by using the variance weighted least squares regression model. Nine independent prospective cohort studies with 1703 liver cancer events and 1 326 176 participants were included for data synthesis. The summary estimates showed that higher vegetable intake was associated with a 39% (95%CI: 0.50, 0.75) reduction in liver cancer risk, with no significant between-study heterogeneity (P = 0.057). Dose-response analysis indicated that the risk of liver cancer was reduced by 4% (95%CI: 0.97, 0.95; P for trend <0.001) with a 100 gram per day increment of vegetable intake. Subgroup analysis showed that higher intakes of vegetables were associated with a 50% (95%CI: 0.35, 0.72) reduction of liver cancer risk in males, but not in females. However, a non-significant association was found between fruit intake and liver cancer risk. The present study provides strong evidence that higher intakes of vegetables would have beneficial effects on the prevention of liver cancer, especially for males.

In situ meta-omic insights into the community compositions and ecological roles of hadal microbes in the Mariana Trench.

The low temperature and elevated hydrostatic pressure in hadal trenches at water depths below 6000 m render sample collection difficult. Here, in situ hadal water microbial samples were collected from the Mariana Trench and analysed. The hadal microbial communities at different depths were revealed to be consistent and were dominated by heterotrophic Marinimicrobia. Thirty high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were retrieved to represent the major hadal microbes affiliated with 12 prokaryotic phyla. Most of the MAGs were newly reported and probably derived from novel hadal inhabitants as exemplified by a potentially new candidate archaeal phylum in the DPANN superphylum. Metabolic reconstruction indicated that a great number of the MAGs participated in nitrogen and sulfur cycling, in which the nitrification process was driven sequentially by Thaumarchaeota and Nitrospirae and sulfur oxidization by Rhodospirillales in the Alphaproteobacteria class. Moreover, several groups of hadal microbes were revealed to be potential carbon monoxide oxidizers. Metatranscriptomic result highlighted the contribution of Chloroflexi in degrading recalcitrant dissolved organic matter and Marinimicrobia in extracellular protein decomposition. The present work provides an in-depth view on the hadal microbial communities regarding their endemism and element cycles.

Chemical composition of essential oils from four Rhododendron species and their repellent activity against three stored-product insects.

The objective of this work was to analyze four essential oils (EOs) from Rhododendron species in China and evaluate their repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum, Lasioderma serricorne, and Liposcelis bostrychophila adults. These four EOs from Rhododendron species, including R. capitatum, R. przewalskii, R. mucronulatum, and R. micranthum, were obtained by hydrodistillation. Major components of four EOs were identified as sesquiterpenoids by GC-MS. The relatively high components included cedrene (22.20%), borneol (36.64%), 4-(2,3,4,6-tetramethylphenyl)-3-buten-2-one (27.74%), and germacrene D (27.60%). Repellent activity of EOs from Rhododendron species was investigated against T. castaneum, L. serricorne, and L. bostrychophila adults for the first time. In this study, EOs had demonstrated their repellent activities against three stored-product insects in 2- and 4-h exposure. The above results can not only provide comprehensive utilization of plant resources of Rhododendron genus but also establish a very good perspective of novel application to control stored-product insects.

New Microbial Lineages Capable of Carbon Fixation and Nutrient Cycling in Deep-Sea Sediments of the Northern South China Sea.

Metagenomics of marine sediments has uncovered a broad diversity of new uncultured taxa and provided insights into their metabolic capabilities. Here, we detected microbial lineages from a sediment core near the Jiulong methane reef of the northern South China Sea (at 1,100-m depth). Assembly and binning of the metagenomes resulted in 11 genomes (>85% complete) that represented nine distinct phyla, including candidate phyla TA06 and LCP-89, Lokiarchaeota, Heimdallarchaeota, and a newly described globally distributed phylum (B38). The genome of LCP-89 has pathways for nitrate, selenate, and sulfate reduction, suggesting that they may be involved in mediating these important processes. B38 are able to participate in the cycling of hydrogen and selenocompounds. Many of these uncultured microbes may also be capable of autotrophic CO2 fixation, as exemplified by identification of the Wood-Ljungdahl (W-L) pathway. Genes encoding carbohydrate degradation, W-L pathway, Rnf-dependent energy conservation, and Ni/Fe hydrogenases were detected in the transcriptomes of these novel members. Characterization of these new lineages provides insight to the undescribed branches in the tree of life.IMPORTANCE Sedimentary microorganisms in the South China Sea (SCS) remain largely unknown due to the complexity of sediment communities impacted by continent rifting and extension. Distinct geochemical environments may breed special microbial communities including microbes that are still enigmatic. Functional inference of their metabolisms and transcriptional activity provides insight in the ecological roles and substrate-based interactivity of these uncultured Archaea and Bacteria These microorganisms play different roles in utilizing inorganic carbon and scavenging diverse organic compounds involved in the deep-sea carbon cycle. The genomes recovered here contributed undescribed species to the tree of life and laid the foundation for future study on these novel phyla persisting in marginal sediments of the SCS.

Effects of EPA and DHA on blood pressure and inflammatory factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The present study aimed to clarify whether eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have differential effects on blood pressure and inflammatory mediators. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus updated to Apr. 2018. The mean changes in risk factors of chronic diseases were calculated as weighted mean difference (WMD) by using a random-effects model. Twenty randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The summary estimate showed that EPA intervention significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) (-2.6 mmHg; 95%confident interval (CI): -4.6, -0.5 mmHg), especially in subjects with dyslipidemia (-3.8 mmHg; 95%CI: -6.7, -0.8 mmHg). The pooled effect indicated that supplemental DHA exerted a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in subjects with dyslipidemia (-3.1 mmHg; 95%CI: -5.9, -0.2 mmHg). Both EPA (-0.56 mg/L; 95%CI: -1.13, 0.00) and DHA (-0.5 mg/L; 95%CI: -1.0, -0.03) significantly reduced the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), respectively, especially in subjects with dyslipidemia and higher baseline CRP concentrations. Given that limited trials have focused on EPA or DHA intervention on concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, further RCTs should be explored on these inflammatory factors. The present meta-analysis provides substantial evidence that EPA and DHA have independent (blood pressure) and shared (CRP concentration) effects on risk factors of chronic diseases, and high-quality RCTs with multi-center and large simple-size should be performed to confirm the present findings.