The study of association of Vitamin B12 deficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic nephropathy in North Indian Population.

AIM: Diabetic Mellitus is the chronic metabolic disorder associated with various complications of heart, eyes, nerves, kidney etc. Diabetic Nephropathy is one of the leading causes of death in diabetic patient. We hypothesized that decrease Vitamin B12 levels is associated with Diabetic Nephropathy. Aim of our study is to study the serum Vitamin B12 levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without nephropathy. METHODS: Our study population consist of 100 subjects out of which 50 cases of Diabetes Mellitus without Diabetic Nephropathy and 50 cases of Diabetes Mellitus with Diabetic Nephropathy. We measured various routine lab parameters, apart from it, we measured spot urinary albumin to creatinine ratio to assess diabetic nephropathy and in special investigation we measured serum Vitamin B12 by chemiluminesence based immunoassay. RESULT: Serum Vitamin B12 level in the group with nephropathy (181.6±17.6pg/dl) was significantly lower than in the group without nephropathy (286±30.1pg/dl) (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: Our study points towards the decrease levels of serum Vitamin B12 levels associated with the complication of diabetic mellitus such as diabetic nephropathy. So treatment of Vitamin B12 deficiency by supplementing could prevent the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy and improves the overall management of diabetic patient.

Hypomagnesaemia: a modifiable risk factor of diabetic nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous disease characterised by an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin and insulin resistance. Diabetes is occurring at younger age in India. It is estimated that 20% of the type 2 DM patients reach end-stage renal disease (ESRD) during their lifetime. Recently, it has been proposed that hypomagnesaemia is a novel factor implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Considering this, a study was designed to estimate the prevalence and association of hypomagnesaemia with diabetic nephropathy in North Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The investigated clinical group composed of 100 type 2 diabetics, grouped into two, on the basis of presence or absence of diabetic nephropathy with n=50 each. Biochemical investigations including fasting blood sugar (BS-F), blood urea, creatinine, magnesium (Mg), urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (U-A/C ratio) were carried out. Descriptive statistics was applied to described frequency and means. χ2-Test and Student's t-tests were used to analyze associations between categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Pearson's correlation was done to find the association of nephropathy with hypomagnesaemia. RESULTS: We observed that 37% of diabetic patients had hypomagnesaemia (mean=1.40±0.16 mg/dL). There was also a significantly higher prevalence of hypomagnesaemia (52%) in DM nephropathy patients (mean=1.62±0.31 mg/dL) compared to without nephropathy patients (22%, mean=1.86±0.28 mg/dL). Serum magnesium levels were significantly inversely correlated with serum creatinine (r=-0.222, p=0.026) and U-A/C ratio (r=-0.352, p=0.000), and positively correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (r=0.304, p=0.002). CONCLUSION: We concluded that hypomagnesaemia was significantly associated with higher prevalence of diabetic nephropathy and can be used as a marker for the risk of development of diabetic nephropathy.