Characteristics of auditory steady-state response in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients under eye-open/closed state / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of eye-open/closed state on 40 Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR) in first-degree relatives of schizophrenia.Methods:Thirty-eight first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients treated in Shanghai Mental Health Center from March 2010 to October 2011 were selected, and 31 healthy controls were recruited in the same period. All subjects were assessed with schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ). The 40 Hz EEG ASSR signals lasting for 3 min under open and closed eyes of all subjects were sequentially collected.Event-related spectrum perturbation (ERSP) and intertribal phase coherence (ITC) were used to evaluate ASSR. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare ITC and ERSP between the two groups under open and closed eyes. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between each measurement.Results:ITC in group main effect and group×the eye open/closed interaction effect were not significant (both P>0.05), but the main effect of eye-open and eye-closed was significant ( F(1, 67)=10.61, P=0.002). In the healthy control group, the ITC in eye-open state was significantly higher than that in eye-closed state ( P=0.014), and in the first-degree relatives group, the ITC in eye-open state was higher than that in eyes closed state ( P=0.039). ERSP in the main effect of eye-open and eye-closed ( F(1, 67)=0.195, P=0.660), group main effect ( F(1, 67) =0.627, P=0.431), group × the eye-open/closed interaction effect ( F(1, 67)= 1.034, P=0.313) was not significant. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between ERSP (eye open: r=-0.260, P=0.210; eye closed: r=-0.318, P=0.122), ITC (eye open: r=-0.248, P=0.232; eye closed: r=-0.260, P=0.209) and SPQ score in the healthy control group. There was also no correlation between ERSP (eye open: r=-0.387, P=0.226; eye closed: r=-0.363, P=0.238) or ITC (eye open: r=0.126, P=0.485; eye closed: r=0.096, P=0.595) and SPQ score in the first-degree relatives group of schizophrenia. Conclusion:The regulation pattern of 40 Hz ASSR in schizophrenic first-degree relatives is not significantly impaired in the eye-open/closed state, suggesting that the open/closed regulation pattern of 40 Hz ASSR may not be a potential marker for predicting the genetic high-risk prognosis of schizophrenia.

Atypical Antipsychotics Mediate Dynamics of Intrinsic Brain Activity in Early-Stage Schizophrenia? A Preliminary Study

Objective@#Abnormalities of static brain activity have been reported in schizophrenia, but it remains to be clarified the temporal variability of intrinsic brain activities in schizophrenia and how atypical antipsychotics affect it. @*Methods@#We employed a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and a sliding-window analysis of dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF) to evaluate the dynamic brain activities in schizophrenia (SZ) patients before and after 8-week antipsychotic treatment. Twenty-six schizophrenia individuals and 26 matched healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. @*Results@#Compared with HC, SZ showed stronger dALFF in the right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG.R) at baseline. After medication, the SZ group exhibited reduced dALFF in the right middle occipital gyrus (MOG.R) and increased dALFF in the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG.L), right middle frontal gyrus (MFG.R), and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL.R). Dynamic ALFF in IPL.R was found to significant negative correlate with the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) scores at baseline. @*Conclusion@#Our results showed dynamic intrinsic brain activities altered in schizophrenia after short term antipsychotic treatment. The findings of this study support and expand the application of dALFF method in the study of the pathological mechanism in psychosis in the future.

Eye movement characteristics of social cognitive processing in patients with schizophrenia across different clinical stages / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the eye movement characteristics of social cognitive processing in schizophrenia patients across different stages and its association with clinical symptoms.Methods:Fifteen patients with first-episode schizophrenia, forty-six patients with chronic inpatient schizophrenia, thirty-six patients with psychiatric clinical high-risk syndrome, and twenty-six healthy controls were recorded using eye tracking technology when viewing social interaction pictures. Covariance analysis and partial correlation analysis were conducted by SPSS17.0.Results:When watching the pictures of person communication, there were statistically significant differences in the average fixation duration of the four groups of subjects ((294.6±36.7)ms in control group, (280.0±54.0)ms in clinical high-risk group, (268.5±34.9)ms in first-episode group, and (315.7±75.7) ms in chronic group, respectively, F=3.18, P=0.027). When viewing the pictures of no person landscape, the average saccade amplitude of the four groups of subjects was significantly different (5.3±1.1) ° in control group, (4.7±1.1) ° in clinical high-risk group, (5.2±1.0) ° in first-episode group, and (4.4±1.2) ° in chronic group, respectively, F=3.37, P=0.021). The average fixation duration of chronic patients when observing person communication pictures was positively correlated with the total score of PANSS (partial correlation coefficient=0.313, P=0.039). The average fixation duration of chronic patients when observing the other two types of pictures were also positively correlated with the total score of PANSS (partial correlation coefficient=0.320, P=0.034, no person communication pictures; partial correlation coefficient=0.372, P=0.013, no person landscape pictures) . The average fixation duration of chronic patients when observing pictures of no person landscape was positively correlated with the PANSS positive symptom score (partial correlation coefficient=0.321, P=0.034). The average fixation duration of chronic patients when observing any type of picture was positively correlated with the PANSS general symptom score (person communication pictures: partial correlation coefficient=0.385, P=0.010; no person communication pictures: partial correlation coefficient=0.409, P=0.006; no person landscape pictures: partial correlation coefficient=0.465, P=0.001). In the first-episode patient, the average saccade amplitude when observing no person communication pictures was positively correlated with the PANSS positive symptom score (partial correlation coefficient=0.555, P=0.049). In the clinical high-risk group, the average saccade amplitude when observing person communication pictures was negatively correlated with the SOPS positive symptom score (partial correlation coefficient=-0.373, P=0.030). Conclusion:There are statistically significant differences of eye movement characteristics of social cognitive processing in patients with schizophrenia across different clinical stages.The average saccade amplitude is more sensitive than the average fixation duration in predicting the severity of symptoms in clinical high-risk patients.

Clinical features and prognosis for anaplastic large cell lymphoma / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To determine clinical and pathologic profiles for anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL).
 Methods: The clinical data of 22 patients with ALCL were analyzed retrospectively. Therapentie effect of different treatment strategies on ALCL was evaluated.
 Results: The median age for these patients was 32(9-70) years old and the patients with positive ALK accounted for 68.2% (15/22). All patients underwent chemotherapy, including regiments of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone), CHOPE (CHOP plus etoposide) or BEACOP (CHOP plus etoposide and bleomycin). Fourteen (63.6%) patients achieved initial complete remission (CR) and the CR rate for patients with ALK+ was significantly higher than that of patients with ALK- (P0.05). After a median follow-up of 41 (2-150) months, 12 patients were overall survival, the median progression free time was 22.5 (2-150) months, and the age, gender, stage, IPI index, ALK expression level, beta 2-MG level, LDH level, and B symptoms had no significant effect on the rate of overall survival (P>0.05).
 Conclusion: ALK-positive occurs mainly in ALCL patients. The chemotherapy is still the main treatment, and CHOPE regimen is a better initial treatment scheme because the most patients show good prognosis.

Clinical features and pathogens of bloodstream infections in patients with hematologic malignancy / 中国感染与化疗杂志

Objective To investigate the pathogenic and clinical features of bloodstream infections in patients with hematological malignancies for improving clinical treatment.Methods A total of 92 patients with hematological malignancy and positive blood culture treated during the period from September 2011 to September 2016 were analyzed,including clinical manifestations,treatment and prognosis.The distribution and antibiotic resistance of pathogens were also investigated.Results Of the 92 patients with bloodstream infection,64.1％ had underlying agranulocytosis.All patients had fever.Septic shock was found in 45.7％ cases.Elevated procalcitonin was detected in 82.6％ cases.The 107 isolates from blood stream included 75 (70.1％) strains of gram negative bacteria,27 (25.2％) strains of gram positive bacteria,and 5 (4.7％) strains of fungi.Escherichia coli showed higher resistance rate to ceftriaxone (80.9％) and levofloxacin (91.3％).Klebsiella pneumoniae (31.2％) and Acinetobacter baumannii (50.0％) strains showed relatively high resistance to imipenem.Gram positive bacteria were still sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.Overall,35 (38.0％) patients died.The initial empirical treatment regimen had significant impact on patient outcome (P＜0.05).The mortality rate of initial carbapenem-based empirical treatment was slightly lower (28.6％ vs 46.2％) than that of non-carbapenem-based initial regimen,but the difference was not significant (P=0.163).Conclusions The outcome is poor in patients with hematological malignancy complicated with bloodstream infection.The main pathogen is gram negative bacteria in such infections,associated with high antibiotic resistance.The emergence of carbapenem resistance is an issue of concern.The effectiveness of initial empirical therapy may have significant effect on patient outcome.

Alternations in cortical thickness and functional connectivity in patients with generalized anxiety disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of cortical thickness and relative resting state functional connectivity in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).Methods The present study analyzed structural and eyes-open resting state functional MRI were performed in 21 patients with GAD and 22 matched healthy controls.Cortical thickness was estimated with FreeSurfer.The structurally altered regions were defined as region of interest (ROI) to analyze functional connectivity (FC) using resting state functional MRI data by DPABI.Results Cortical thickness of patients with GAD were increased in right rostral middle frontal gyrus (rMFG;MNI:x =27.9,y =53.4,z =-11.1;size:241.93 mm2;FDR corrected,P ＜ 0.1) and right inferior temporal gyrus (IGT;MNI:x =49.7,y =-57.8,z =-8.7;size:138.93 mm2;FDR corrected,P＜0.1) compared with healthy controls.FC between right rMFG and right superior/middle occipital gyrus as well as well as FC between rMFG and right precentral gyrus showed decreased in patients with GAD compared with healthy controls(AlphaSim corrected,P＜0.05).FC between right rMFG and right angular gyrus showed increased in patients with GAD compared with healthy control (AlphaSim corrected,P＜0.05).Conclusion The rMFG may play an important role in the pathophysiology of GAD,which can be used as an stimuli target in physicotherapeutics to improve anxiety symptoms.

Effects of different anticoagulants on coagulation function in hemodialysis patients / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the effect of different anticoagulant drugs on the changes of coagulation index and the incidence of hemorrhage in hemodialysis patients.Methods 40 patients with hemodialysis were selected as study objects,according to the random number table method they were divided into three groups,20 cases received heparin in A group,10 cases received low molecular heparin in B group;10 cases received argatroban in C group.At the same time,10 healthy persons were selected as control group.The activated glass bead clotting time (gbACT),blood velocity (CR),platelet function (PF),prothrombin fragment 1+2 (PF1+2) and the surface of platelet alpha granule membrane protein (GMF-140) were observed and analyzed in all patients.Results Compared with the control group,the CR,PF,PF1+2 and GMF-140 before taking to machine in A group were significantly increased,which were (31.1±5.5)sig/min,(3.1±0.5),(478.2±74.3)pmol/L,(36.9±6.6)pmol/L,respectively,gbACT was significantly prolonged [(196.1±27.3)s].In A group,compared with before taking to machine,the CR,PF,PF1+2 and the GMF-140 before taking off machine were significantly decreased,which were (10.6±3.2)sig/min,(1.8±0.4),(400.1±85.5)pmol/L,(30.9±6.8)pmol/L,respectively,gbACT was significantly prolonged[(252.5±50.4)s],there were statistically significant differences (F=112.64,28.38,81.40,18.11,21.63 0.05,all P<0.05);B group compared with the control group,the CR,PF,PF1+2 and GMF-140 before taking to machine were significantly increased,which were (29.5±6.6)sig/min,(2.9±1.2),(475.5±97.0)pmol/L,(37.5±7.0)pmol/L,respectively,gbACT was significantly prolonged[(193.9±32.8)s].In B group,the CR and PF1+2 before taking off machine were significantly decreased,which were (22.3±6.8),(407.8±90.3)pmol/L,respectively,gbACT was significantly prolonged [(207.5±31.5)s],there were statistically significant differences (F=9.11,57.81,5.99,16.37,all P<0.05);C group compared with the control group,the CR,PF,PF1+2 and GMF-140 before taking to machine were significantly increased,which were (26.1±3.3)sig/min,(2.5±0.5),(443.5±64.1)pmol/L,(32.2±8.3)pmol/L,respectively,before taking off machine,the CR[(23.7±4.1)] was higher than (18.5±3.6) of the control group,there were statistically significant differences (F=11.14,3.04120.30,8.63,all P<0.05).40 hemodialysis patients were successfully treated without the occurrence of elevated venous pressure during and after treatment pipeline no or slight residual blood,puncture time and no significant prolongation.Conclusion Unfractionated heparin has strong anti-clotting effect,during and after hemodialysis has greater risk of bleeding,dalteparin has anticoagulant effect,but there is greater risk of bleeding during hemodialysis,the use of argatroban helps to improve the condition of bleeding.

An analysis of protective effect for mucositits by amifostine on total body irradiation during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of amifostine in protecting against oral and gastrointestinal mucositis in hematologic malignancies patients with high-dose total body irradiation following the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,and assess the hematologic recovery as well as the potential side effect of amifostine.Methods Thirty-two hematologic malignancies patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in our institution from 2012 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.All of them were treated with total body irradiation (700-1 200 cGy) and high-dose chemotherapy,in which 14 patients received 400 mg amifostine before radiotherapy.Prior institutional experience in 18 patients treated without amifostine was used as a historical comparison (no-amifostine group).Results Severe oral mucositis occurred in 14.3％ of patients in the amifostine group while 77.2％ in the no-amifostine group (x2 =10.62,P ＜0.05).Total parenteral nutrition was used in 21.4％ of amifostine group and 38.8％ in noamifostine group (P ＞ 0.05).The rates of grade 2 and 3 gastrointestinal mucositis were 35.7％ and 61.5％ in amifostine group,while in no-amifostine group the rates were 33.3％ and 66.7％,respectively (P ＞ 0.05).No significant difference was found in engraftnent times of granulocyte and platelet.No amifostine related side effects were observed.Conclusions The combination of amifostine and total body irradiation conditioning therapy during hematologic stem cell transplantation might reduce the severity of oral mucositis.The utilize of amifostine has no obvious effect on hematopoietic recovery and can be well tolerated.

Characteristics of smooth pursuit eye-movement in subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the eye-movement features of smooth pursuit in subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis.Methods sixty subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis and sixty healthy controls were recruited.The smooth pursuit tasks were assessed in both horizontal (0.4 Hz) and Lissajous (0.2 or 0.4 Hz) condition.The Wechsler Memory Scale-third edition and spatial span subtest were used to assess working memory.The difference of the smooth pursuit performance between the two groups and the relationship between smooth pursuit and working memory were analyzed.Results Subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis showed significantly lower Horizontal components for pursuit gain [Lissajous 0.2 Hz task (0.82±0.12) vs.(0.89±0.09),Lissajous 0.4 Hz task (0.78±0.13) vs.(0.84±0.14)],lower vertical components for pursuit gain [Lissajous 0.2 Hz task (0.80±0.14) vs.(0.86±0.12),Lissajous 0.4 Hz task (0.71±0.15)vs.(0.77±0.16)] and higher mean positional error [Lissajous 0.2 Hz task (37.00±19.10) vs.(30.45± 16.18),Lissajous 0.4 Hz task (44.18±19.70) vs.(37.61±16.26)] compared to healthy controls (P＜0.05).There was a significant correlation between pursuit gain and performance on Spatial Span (Horizontal components:r=0.361,P=0.005;vertical components:r=0.327,P=0.01 1) in the Subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis.Conclusions Subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis showed deficits in smooth pursuit,and the deficits were related to the working memory.

Expression of PRMT5 in human gastric cancer tissue and its significance / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the expression of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5)in the gastric cancer tissue,and to explore the relationship between the PRMT5 expression and the occurrence and the clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric cancer, and to find a new treatment target for gastric cancer.Methods:Forty-three cases of gastric cancer tissue and 15 cases of adjacent normal gastric tissue were used as gastric cancer group and control group,respectively.The immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of PRMT5 in the specimens.Results:Compared with control group (13.3%),the expression rate of PRMT5 in gastric cancer group (72.1%)was significantly increased (P 0.05).Conclusion:High expression of PRMT5 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.

The research progresses in USP22 in malignant tumors / 实用肿瘤学杂志

Deubiquitylases remove ubiquitin moieties from different substrates to regulate protein activity and cell homeostasis .Since this posttranslational modification plays a role in several different cellular functions ,its deregulation has been associated with different pathologies .Aberrant expression of Ubiquitin -Specific Peptidase 22(USP22)has been associated with poor cancer prognosis .This article reviews the research status of USP 22.

A study of event-related potential P300 in subjects with clinical high risk of psychosis / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics of auditory P300 amplitude and latency and cognition in patients with clinical high-risk of psychosis (CHR). Method Thirty six CHR (study group) and thirty five healthy con?trols (control group) were included. Oddball paradigm and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were used to record auditory P300 and to evaluate the cognition, respectively. The structured interview for psychosis-risk syndromes (SIPS) was used to evaluate the clinic symptoms of patients. Result The cognition of CHR was significantly lower than healthy controls in information processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reason?ing and problem solving and social cognition (P<0.01). The study group showed decreased amplitude in Fz, Cz and Pz and delayed latency in Pz (P<0.05). P300 latency of CHR in Fz positively correlated with positive score of SOPS (r=0.544, P=0.001), while P300 amplitude positively correlated with verbal fluency (r=0.339,P=0.043). Conclusion Cogni?tion and P300 is abnormal in CHR. The correlation between P300 and clinical symptoms, cognitive dysfunction reminds that we should put more attention on the role of P300 in CHR subjects.

Measurement of the metabolites in the cortical masticatory area of patients with sleep bruxism: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine whether there are in vivo differences of metabolites levels in bilateral cortical masticatory area(CMA) of patients with sleep bruxism, compared with healthy controls using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS). Accordingly to explore if cortical control of the central jaw motor system is abnormal in sleep bruxism patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen sleep bruxism patients and fifteen age- and gender-matched healthy controls underwent 1H-MRS of bilateral CMA using J-difference edited point-resolved spectroscopy sequence(MEGA-PRESS) technique. Levels of metabolites were quantified from the ratio of the metabolite integral to the unsuppressed water signal. Differences of levels of γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA), glutmate(Glu) and N-acetyl aspartate(NAA) in bilateral CMA between sleep bruxism patients and healthy controls were tested using two-way ANOVA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Edited spectra were successfully obtained from the bilateral CMA in all of the participants. Levels of GABA+, glutmate and NAA in right and left CMA in sleep bruxism patients were (2.45±0.48)×10(-3), (2.35±0.62)×10(-3), (10.65±1.84)×10(-3), (10.49±2.37)×10(-3), (10.70±3.61)×10(-3), and (11.26±4.01)×10(-3) respectively. In contrast, levels of GABA+, glutmate and NAA in right and left CMA in healthy controls were (2.63±0.68)×10(-3), (2.65±0.97)×10(-3), (11.19± 1.34)×10(-3), (10.58±3.14)×10(-3), (11.82±1.80)×10(-3), and (11.95±3.23)×10(-3). There were no differences in levels of GABA+(P=0.196), Glu(P=0.590), and NAA(P=0.292) between sleep bruxism patients and healthy controls, nor in inbilateral CMA(GABA+: P=0.837; Glu: P=0.510; NAA: P=0.628).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results indicate the absence of any alteration of the cortical control of the central jaw motor system in the levels of GABA, Glu and NAA in patients with sleep bruxism.</p>

P300 event-related potential in abstinent methamphetamine-dependent patients.

BACKGROUND: Substance use and abuse are characterized by biases in the attentional processing of substance-related stimuli. There are no event related potential (ERP)-based studies of attentional bias for substance-related cues among methamphetamine (MA) dependent patients. The study aimed to measure changes in P300 event-related potentials elicited by MA-related words in MA-dependent individuals at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of abstinence, examining the relationship of ERP changes to craving. METHOD: 26 MA-dependent patients (14 male) newly enrolled in two compulsory treatment centers in China and 29 healthy controls (15 male) were included in this study. At baseline (2-3 weeks in treatment) and after 3 and 6 months of abstinence from MA use, we obtained ERP data during a Stroop color-matching task using MA-related and neutral words. Self-reported craving was measured by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). FINDINGS: Increased P300 amplitudes elicited by MA-related words were observed over left-anterior electrode sites. Abnormal P300 amplitudes declined to the normal levels of healthy controls at the end of 3 months of abstinence, and the decrease was maintained up to the end of 6 months of abstinence. The behavioral data did not show similar changes. The positive relationship between the changes of VAS scores for MA craving and the changes of P300 amplitudes over left anterior electrode sites elicited by MA-related words within the first 3 months was significant. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the potential use of ERP as an objective index to track changes in subjective MA craving among abstinent MA-dependent patients.

Toxicity of dose-adjusted BEACOP regimen in the treatment of lymphoma / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To analyze the toxicity of dose adjusted-BEACOP (DA-BEACOP,classic CHOP regimen plus etoposide and (or) bleomycin with or without rituximab) regimen for poor-prognosis lymphoma.Methods 89 patients with poor-prognosis lymphoma who had been treated in-patient at Peking University Third Hospital during August 2002 and February 2012 were retrospectively studied.All patients received at least 1 cycle of DA-BEACOP regimen.Results 3-4 grade adverse events were observed in 74 (83.1％) patients,most of which was myelosuppression (73 cases,82.0 ％).There was not death related with the treatment.Compared to male patients,female patients suffered higher rates of grade 3-4 of toxicity (94.2 ％,33/35 vs 75.9 ％,41/54) (P =0.024).The rate of grade 3-4 of hematological toxicity in patients who were pretreated with ≥3 cycles of chemotherapy than that in patients receiving≤2 cycles of chemotherapy (95.9 ％,47/49 vs 75.0 ％,30/40) (P =0.004),while the rate of 3-4 hematological toxicity in pret-radiotherapy posed patients was higher than that in their counterparts who did not receive radiotherapy (95.9 ％,47/49 vs 75.0 ％,30/40) (P =0.022).Conclusion The DA-BEACOP regimen showed manageable toxicity in patients with poor-prognosis lymphoma.

The application and research progress of Tumstatin / 实用肿瘤学杂志

Growth of tumor need new blood vessel to meet the demand for adequate oxygen and nutri -ents.Inhibiting the formation of blood vessel can inhibit growth of tumor .In all of the endogenous angiogenesis in-hibitors deriving from the type IV collagen .Study of tumstatin is the most widely .Tumstatin can inhibit endothelial proliferation and induce the apoptosis of endothelial cell .This article reviews the research status of the tumstatin .

Initial Exploration of Theory and Method of Function Abstraction of Holographic Traditional Chinese Medicine / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

By way of the introduction of the complete holography and holographic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), this paper extended and overviewed the function abstraction theory and principle methods of holographic TCM with holographic embryo genetic advantage theory of biological holographic, as well as attribute characteristics correlation theory of unitary holographic, and described the trend of perfecting and innovating the theory and practice of pharmacy.

Differences in P50 and prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex between male smokers and non-smokers with first episode schizophrenia without medical treatment / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Nicotine may improve schizophrenia patient's cognitive deficit symptoms. This study was to explore the chronic effects of smoking on prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex (PPI) and P50 in the patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The event-related potentials (ERP) recording and analysis instrument made by Brain Products, Germany, was used to detect PPI and P50 in 49 male FES patients (FES group, n = 21 for smokers and n = 28 for non-smokers) and 43 normal male controls (control group, n = 19 for smokers and n = 24 for non-smokers).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with normal controls, the FES group had prolonged PPI latency when elicited by single stronger stimulus (P < 0.05); the FES group had prolonged PPI latency and increased PPI amplitude (P < 0.05, 0.01) when elicited by weak and strong stimuli. The FES group had lower PPI inhibition rate than normal controls (P < 0.05). Compared with normal controls, the FES group had increased P50-S2 amplitude and increased amplitude ratio S2/S1 (both P <0.05). In the control group, the smokers had a tendency of increase in P50-S2 amplitude (P > 0.05) and shorter P50-S2 latency (P < 0.05) than the non-smokers. The smokers had higher PPI amplitude than the non-smokers (P < 0.05). In the FES group, the smokers had higher P50-S1 amplitude, shorter P50-S2 latency, and higher amplitude ratio S2/S1 than the non-smokers (P < 0.05, 0.01). The smokers had higher PPI amplitude than the non-smokers (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is obvious PPI and P50 deficits in schizophrenic patients. However, these deficits are relatively preserved in the smokers compared with the non-smokers, which suggests that long-term smoking might partially improve the sensory gating in schizophrenic patients. Whether this conclusion can be deduced to female patients requires further follow-ups.</p>

Control study of fludarabine instead of cyclophosphamide in modified busulfan-cyclophosphamide as a myeloablative conditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of acute leukemia / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To evaluate the fludarabine instead of cyclophosphamide in modified busulfancyclophosphamide (mBuCy) regimen as a new myeloablative conditioning regimen for the treatment of acute leukemia patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods The clinic data of 45 acute leukemia patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT were analyzed.Among them,23 patients received mBuCy as conditioning regimen and 22 patients received BuFlu regimen (fludarabine 40 mg·m-2·d-1 for 5 days,instead of cyclophosphamide in mBuCy).Hematopietic engraftment,regimen-related toxicity (RRT),graft-versus-host disease (GVHD),infection condition,non relapse mortality,and overall survival were compared between the two groups.Results All patients achieved hematopoietic reconstitution and complete donor chimerism except for one patient of mBuCy group died of cerebral hemorrhage during conditioning.The incidence of RRT was no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).In BuFlu group,the incidence of virus infection was higher (P =0.009),and the incidence of Ⅲll-Ⅳ aGVHD were 26.l ％ (6/23) and 4.5 ％ (1/22) (P =0.046) in mBuCy and in BuFlu group respectively.With a median follow up of 41 months,the incidence of non relapse mortality in mBuCy group was 17.4 ％ (4/23) and in BuFlu group was 9.1％ (2/22) (P =0.665).In mBuCy group and in BuFlu group,the relapse rates were 30.3 ％ (7/23) and 40.9 ％ (9/22) (P =0.474),the 5-year overall survival rates were (55.1±11.9) ％ and (61.4±10.8) ％ (P =0.659),and disease-free survival rates were (44.5±12.1) ％ and (22.1±12.3) ％ (P =0.747),respectively.Conclusions Fludarabine instead of cyclophosphamide in mBuCy regimen as a new myeloablative conditioning regimen has well tolerance,lower incidence of sever GVHD,satisfied overall survival,but the risk of infection and replase should be considered.

The masseter motor-evoked potential after transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with sleep bruxism / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To study the masseter motor evoked potential(MEP)in patients with sleep bruxism(SB)and in healthy con-trols.Methods:30 subjects with SB and 30 healthy controls were included.MEPs were obtained by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).Tests were done during daytime when the subjects were awake.The data were statistically analysed.Results:In the patients AMT was 55(52,55)%,latency of c-MEP (6.7 ±1.3)ms,the amplitude of c-MEP 0.19(0.15,0.29)mV,latency of r-MEP (2.3 ±0.4)ms,the central conduction time(CCT)4.4(3.3,5.2)ms.In the control subjects AMT was 52(52,55)%,latency of c-MEP (6.4 ±0.7)ms,the amplitude of c-MEP 0.23(0.17,0.28)mV,latency of r-MEP (2.4 ±0.4)ms,CCT 4.0 (3.4,4.4) ms.No significant difference was found between the 2 groups in the measurements evoked by TMS.Conclusion:The MEP after TMS in patients with SB is similar to that of healthy subjects,indicating that the excitability of the cortical motor system is not changed in bruxism subjects,at least when evaluated by TMS.