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1.
J Control Release ; 276: 125-139, 2018 04 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29518466

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was the development of a new drug nanocarrier intended to overcome the barriers associated to the oral modality of administration and to assess its value for the systemic or local delivery of peptides. The nanocarrier was rationally designed taking into account the nature of the intestinal barriers and was loaded with insulin, which was selected as a model peptide. The nanocarrier consisted of a complex between insulin and a hydrophobically-modified cell penetrating peptide (CPP), enveloped by a protecting polymer. The selected CPP was octaarginine (r8), chemically conjugated with cholesterol (Chol) or lauric acid (C12), whereas the protecting polymer was poly (glutamic acid)-poly (ethylene glycol) (PGA-PEG). This enveloping material was intended to preserve the stability of the nanocomplex in the intestinal medium and facilitate its diffusion across the intestinal mucus. The enveloped nanocomplexes (ENCPs) exhibited a number of key features, namely (i) a unimodal size distribution with a mean size of 200 nm and a neutral zeta potential, (ii) the capacity to associate insulin (~100% association efficiency) and protect it from degradation in simulated intestinal fluids, (iii) the ability to diffuse through intestinal mucus and, most importantly, (iv) the capacity to interact with the Caco-2 model epithelium, resulting in a massive insulin cell uptake (47.59 ±â€¯5.79%). This enhanced accumulation of insulin at the epithelial level was not translated into an enhanced insulin transport. In fact, only 2% of insulin was transported across the monolayer, and this was correlated with a moderate response of insulin following oral administration to healthy rats. Despite of this, the accumulation of the insulin-loaded nanocarriers in the intestinal mucosa could be verified in vivo upon their labeling with 99mTc. Overall, these data underline the capacity of the nanocarriers to overcome substantial barriers associated to the oral modality of administration and to facilitate the accumulation of the associated peptide at the intestinal level.


Subject(s)
Cell-Penetrating Peptides/administration & dosage , Drug Carriers/administration & dosage , Insulin/administration & dosage , Nanostructures/administration & dosage , Oligopeptides/administration & dosage , Polyethylene Glycols/administration & dosage , Polyglutamic Acid/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Animals , Caco-2 Cells , Cholesterol/chemistry , Humans , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Lauric Acids/chemistry , Male , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Rats, Wistar
2.
Radiología (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 42(1): 35-39, ene. 2000. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-4403

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Mostramos un amplio espectro de patología musculoesquelética en el lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES), con traducción radiológica.Determinamos las indicaciones de las técnicas de imagen en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de esta patología. Material y métodos: Revisamos la historia clínico-radiológica de 37 pacientes diagnosticados de LES por serología y sintomatología musculoesquelética. Destacamos como aspectos importantes del estudio: datos personales, asociación con procesos autoinmunes, serología, tratamiento y hallazgos radiológicos mediante radiología simple (Rx), ecografía, tomografía computarizada (TC) y resonancia magnética (RM). Resultados: De los 37 casos revisados, unicamente diez de ellos presentaron alteraciones en alguna de las pruebas de imagen solicitadas. El hallazgo radiológico más común fue la poliartritis simétrica en diferentes localizaciones. Otras manifestaciones fueron necrosis avasculares (tardías y precoces), inflamación y roturas tendinoligamentosas, artropatías deformantes no erosivas, calcificaciones de tejidos blandos, artritis (estafilocócica y tuberculosa). Se establece una correlación directa entre los títulos de anticuerpos anticardiolipina, las dosis de esteroides y las necrosis avasculares. Conclusión: La lesión radiológica osteoarticular en el LES es infrecuente, siendo la poliartritis simétrica la lesión más precoz y de mayor incidencia. Las otras manifestaciones no son tan comunes, a excepción de las osteonecrosis, que suelen ser tardías. En nuestra serie se comportó en dos casos temprana y agresivamente, en dos jóvenes con elevados títulos de anticuerpos anticardiolipina e importante afectación sistémica. La aportación de la ecografía y de la resonancia magnética (RM) en la valoración de la patología musculoesquelética en el LES es de especial relevancia en las inflamaciones y roturas tendinosas y en el manejo de las necrosis avasculares, respectivamente (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Male , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Calcinosis/complications , Calcinosis/diagnosis , Calcinosis , Steroids/administration & dosage , Steroids , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Diagnostic Imaging/adverse effects , Musculoskeletal System/pathology , Musculoskeletal System , Musculoskeletal Diseases/complications , Musculoskeletal Diseases/diagnosis , Musculoskeletal Diseases , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/diagnosis , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/complications , Soft Tissue Neoplasms , Antibodies, Anticardiolipin/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Anticardiolipin , Arthritis/diagnosis , Arthritis/complications , Arthritis , Osteonecrosis/diagnosis , Osteonecrosis , Dermatomyositis/complications , Dermatomyositis , Immunosuppression Therapy
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