ABSTRACT
The dynorphin peptides are the endogenous ligands for the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and regulate food intake. Administration of dynorphin-A1-13 (DYN) in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) increases palatable food intake, and this effect is blocked by co-administration of the orexin-A neuropeptide, which is co-released with DYN in PVN from neurons located in the lateral hypothalamus. While PVN administration of DYN increases palatable food intake, whether it increases food-seeking behaviors has yet to be examined. We tested the effects of DYN and norBNI (a KOR antagonist) on the seeking and consumption of sucrose using a progressive ratio (PR) and demand curve (DC) tasks. In PVN, DYN did not alter the sucrose breaking point (BP) in the PR task nor the elasticity or intensity of demand for sucrose in the DC task. Still, DYN reduced the delay in obtaining sucrose and increased licks during sucrose intake in the PR task, irrespective of the co-administration of orexin-A. In PVN, norBNI increased the delay in obtaining sucrose and reduced licks during sucrose intake in the PR task while increasing elasticity without altering intensity of demand in the DC task. However, subcutaneous norBNI reduced the BP for sucrose and increased the delay in obtaining sucrose in the PR task while reducing the elasticity of demand. Together, these data show different effects of systemic and PVN blockade of KOR on food-seeking, consummatory behaviors, and incentive motivation for sucrose and suggest that KOR activity in PVN is necessary but not sufficient to drive seeking behaviors for palatable food.
Subject(s)
Dynorphins , Motivation , Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus , Receptors, Opioid, kappa , Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism , Dynorphins/pharmacology , Dynorphins/metabolism , Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/metabolism , Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/drug effects , Animals , Male , Motivation/drug effects , Orexins , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Naltrexone/pharmacology , Naltrexone/analogs & derivatives , Eating/drug effects , Eating/physiology , Eating/psychology , Sucrose , Feeding Behavior/drug effects , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Background: DRESS syndrome (Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) is an idiosyncratic reaction characterized by peripheral eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: fever, exanthema, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, atypical lymphocytes and elevated liver enzymes. The incidence is 1 per 10,000 exposures, mortality 10-20%. Treatment is based on suspension of the suspected drug and steroids. Case report: A 42-year-old male with the following important antecedents. AHF: mother and father with Diabetes Mellitus type 2. APP: Arterial Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus type 2, and bee sting allergy. Current Condition: He started 8 days after ingestion of hydroxychloroquine for probable SARS-COV-2 infection, with headache, facial and neck edema, desquamative dermatosis on trunk and upper extremities, went to private clinic with torpid evolution sent to third level for increased facial and neck edema, which merited orotracheal intubation, management with intravenous steroids and antihistamines. Labs on admission: Leukocytes 20090, platelets 322 thousand, eosinophilia (5%), elevated liver enzymes and acute kidney injury, fulfilling J-SCAR criteria. The patient was discharged due to adequate evolution with follow-up by Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the patient persists with desquamative lesions after 4 weeks and normalization of laboratory parameters. Conclusions: DRESS is a delayed adverse reaction. It is important the diagnostic presumption and the causal relationship with the drugs due to the high mortality rate.
Antecedentes: El síndrome DRESS (Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) es una reacción idiosincrática, se caracteriza por eosinofilia perifé- rica y síntomas sistémicos: fiebre, exantema, linfadenopatía, hepatitis, linfocitos atípicos y elevación de enzimas hepáticas. La incidencia es de 1 por cada 10,000 exposiciones, mortalidad de 10 a 20%. El tratamiento se basa en la suspensión del fármaco sospechoso y en la aplicación de esteroides. Reporte de caso: Masculino de 42 años con los siguientes antecedentes de importancia. AHF: madre y padre con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. APP: Hipertensión Arterial, Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, y alergia a picadura de abeja. Padecimiento Actual: Lo inicia posterior a 8 días tras la ingesta de hidroxicloroquina por probable infección por SARS-COV-2, con cefalea, edema facial y de cuello, dermatosis descamativa en tronco y extremidades superiores, acude a clínica particular con evolución tórpida enviado a tercer nivel por aumento de edema facial y cuello, que amerito intubación orotraqueal, manejo con esteroides intravenosos y anti- histamínicos. Laboratorios a su ingreso: Leucocitos 20090, plaquetas 322 mil, eosinofilia (5%), elevación de enzimas hepáticas y lesión renal aguda, cumpliendo criterios J-SCAR. Se egresa por adecuada evolución con seguimiento por Alergia e Inmunología Clínica, el paciente persiste con lesiones descamativas posterior a 4 semanas y normalización de parámetros de laboratorios. Conclusión: DRESS es una reacción adversa retardada. Es importante la presunción diagnóstica y la relación causal con los fármacos por la alta tasa de morta- lidad.
Subject(s)
Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome , Eosinophilia , Adult , Humans , Male , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Edema , Eosinophilia/diagnosis , Hydroxychloroquine , SteroidsABSTRACT
Objetivo: El carcinoma sebáceo (CS) es una neoplasia infrecuente, de la cual no existen reportes nacionales, ni guías de manejo en Chile. El Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (INC) es un centro de referencia nacional en el manejo de patologías oncológicas; el objetivo de este trabajo es describir la experiencia y tratamiento del carcinoma sebáceo en nuestro centro. Material y Método: Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva, descriptiva, de fichas clínicas entre marzo de 2016 y marzo de 2022 en el INC, en las cuales la biopsia definitiva fuese confirmatoria de CS. Resultados: Se reclutaron 10 pacientes, 6 hombres (60%) y 4 mujeres. Edad promedio fue de 62,9 años ± 18,7 DS. En el 80% de los casos el tumor se encontró en cabeza y cuello y solo 2 casos fueron CS ocular (20%). 4 pacientes tenían asociación al Síndrome de Muir-Torre (SMT) (40%), en el 100% de la muestra se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico con resección oncológica y control de márgenes intraoperatorio, utilizándose en solo 3 casos la técnica Cirugía Micrográfica de Mohs (MMS). En 4 pacientes (40%) se realizó biopsia de linfonodo centinela (BLNC), de los cuales ninguno resulto positivo para metástasis. Ningún paciente presento recidiva local, después de la cirugía y no hubo casos de mortalidad a causa de CS. Ningún paciente recibió radioterapia, quimioterapia o inmunoterapia adyuvante, solo 1 paciente recibió braquiterapia (BT) adyuvante. Conclusión: El CS es una patología compleja e infrecuente, que requiere un tratamiento multidisciplinario y cuyo pilar es la cirugía.
Objective: Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is an infrequent neoplasm, without national reports nor management guidelines in Chile. National Cancer Institute (NCI) is a reference center for this kind of disease. The aim of this research is to describe the experience and treatment of the sebaceous carcinoma in our center. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive review of clinical records was performed, between March 2016 and March 2022 at the INC, in which the definitive biopsy was confirmatory of CS. Results: A total of 10 patients were enrolled; 6 male (60%) and 4 women. The mean age was 62.9 years ± 18.7 (SD). 80% of the cases were located at the head or the cervical area and only 2 cases were found in the ocular region (20%). Association with SMT (40%) was found in 4 patients. Surgical treatment with oncological resection and intraoperative assessment of margins was performed in 100% of the cases, using MMS technique. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (BLNC) was performed in 4 patients (40%), of which none had metastasis. No patient presented local recurrence after surgery and there were no cases of mortality due to CS. No patient received radiotherapy, chemotherapy or adjuvant immunotherapy. Just 1 received adjuvant brachytherapy. Conclusion: SC is a complex and infrequent disease, which requires multidisciplinary treatment mainly with surgery.
ABSTRACT
The opioid receptors (OR) regulate food intake. Still, despite extensive pre-clinical research, the overall effects and individual contribution of the mu (MOR), kappa (KOR), and delta (DOR) OR subtypes to feeding behaviors and food intake remain unclear. To address this, we conducted a pre-registered systematic search and meta-analysis of rodent dose-response studies to evaluate the impact of central and peripheral administration of non-selective and selective OR ligands on intake, motivation, and choice of food. All studies had a high bias risk. Still, the meta-analysis confirmed the overall orexigenic and anorexigenic effects of OR agonists and antagonists, respectively. Our results support a larger orexigenic role for central MOR agonists among OR subtypes and that peripheral OR antagonists reduce motivation for and intake of preferred foods. In binary food choice studies, peripheral OR agonists selectively increase the intake of fat-preferred foods; in contrast, they did not increase the intake of sweet carbohydrate-preferred foods. Overall, these data support that OR regulation of intake, motivation, and choice is influenced by food macronutrient composition.
Subject(s)
Motivation , Receptors, Opioid , Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology , Eating , Feeding Behavior , Ligands , Receptors, Opioid, muABSTRACT
Resumen El paraganglioma carotideo es un tumor infrecuente, originado de las células de la cresta neural. Raramente son secretores y tienen un bajo potencial maligno. El diagnóstico es difícil y requiere una alta sospecha clínica, combinada con estudios imagenológicos. Su tratamiento está basado en la cirugía, con especial cuidado de las estructuras vasculonerviosas que se encuentran en intimo contacto. Se describe la casuística de paragangliomas de cuerpo carotídeo en Clínica Las Condes y compararla con una revisión de la literatura actualizada del tema.
Abstract Carotid paraganglioma is a rare tumor, originated from neural crest cells. Usually they lack hormone secretion function, and have a low malignant potential. Diagnosis is difficult, and requires high clinical suspicious, combined with image and pathologic findings. Its treatment is based on surgery, with special care of close anatomic relation with important vascular-nervous structures. Here, we present cases of carotid paragangliomas evaluated at Clinica Las Condes comparing them with an updated literature review.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Carotid Body Tumor/diagnosis , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnosis , Immunohistochemistry , Carotid Body Tumor/surgery , Carotid Body Tumor/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
This study was aimed to assess the impact-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae with organic selenium addition in finishing lambs on fatty acid composition and physicochemical meat characteristics. Eighteen five-month-old Pelibuey female lambs were fed the same diet for 60 days. Animals were assigned a completely random design of three treatments, control (Se0) without the addition of selenium-yeast or supplemented with 0.35 ppm of selenium-yeast (Se35) and with 0.60 ppm of selenium-yeast (Se60). Lambs were slaughtered at an average weight of 39.5 ± 4.41 kg. Feed intake and meat water holding capacity were decreased (P = 0.001) in Se35 lambs, whereas meat moisture and fat were decreased (P = 0.002) in Se60 lambs. However, meat carbohydrates were increased (P = 0.001) in Se60 lambs. It is concluded that consumption of selenium-yeast in lambs did not alter the productive variables nor the fatty acid composition, though, the fat content is lower, and the carbohydrates are higher in physicochemical meat characteristics.
Subject(s)
Selenium , Animal Feed/analysis , Animals , Diet/veterinary , Dietary Supplements , Female , Meat/analysis , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Sheep , Sheep, DomesticABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: Los pseudoquistes pancreáticos (PQP) corresponden al 80% de las lesiones quísticas del páncreas. Se debe descartar un tumor quístico, que representan el 10% al 15% de los quistes del páncreas y 1% de los tumores malignos por lo que es fundamental el estudio y diagnóstico diferencial. El término pseudoquiste pancreático gigante se usa tradicionalmente cuando el tamaño es mayor de 10 cm. Hay pocos casos de PQP gigantes en la literatura nacional. Objetivo: Reportar caso clínico con PQP gigante, analizar el diagnóstico diferencial y las opciones terapéuticas. Materiales y Método: Paciente con distensión abdominal progresiva, pérdida de peso y anorexia, posepisodio de pancreatitis aguda. Tomografía computarizada abdominal y resonancia magnética confirman lesión quística gigante intraabdominal. El paciente fue tratado con una cistoyeyunostomía pancreática abierta en Y de Roux. El análisis del contenido aspirado durante la cirugía sugiere PQP. Para la discusión se revisa la literatura más relevante. Resultados: Excelente resultado clínico postoperatorio, el estudio histopatológico de la pared del quiste confirmó el diagnóstico de pseudoquiste pancreático. Al año de seguimiento, el paciente permanece asintomático. Discusión: El estudio preoperatorio es crucial para determinar el diagnóstico diferencial y descartar lesiones neoplásicas o parasitarias quísticas. Los PSQ gigantes reportados son poco frecuentes y su manejo quirúrgico dependerá fundamentalmente de su tamaño, de las relaciones anatómicas y de la experiencia del equipo tratante.
Introduction: Pancreatic pseudocysts (PQP) correspond to 80% of cystic lesions of the pancreas. A cystic tumor must be ruled out, which represents 10% to 15% of pancreatic cysts and 1% of malignant tumors, so the study and differential diagnosis is essential. The term giant pancreatic pseudocyst is traditionally used when the size is greater than 10 cm. There are few cases of giant PQP in the national literature. Objective: To report a clinical case with giant PQP, to analyze the differential diagnosis and therapeutic options. Materials and Method: Patient with progressive abdominal distension, weight loss and anorexia post episode of acute pancreatitis. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirm a giant intra-abdominal cystic lesion. The patient was treated with an open Roux-en-Y pancreatic cysto-jejunostomy. Analysis of the content aspirated during surgery suggests PQP. The most relevant literature is reviewed for discussion. Results: Excellent postoperative clinical results, the histopathological study of the cyst wall, confirmed the diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocyst. At one year of follow-up, the patient remains asymptomatic. Discussion: The preoperative study is crucial to determine the differential diagnosis and rule out neoplastic or cystic parasitic lesions. Reported giant PSQs are rare and their surgical management will depend fundamentally on their size, anatomical relationships, and the experience of the treating team.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Pancreatic Pseudocyst/surgery , Pancreatic Pseudocyst/diagnostic imaging , Pancreatic Pseudocyst/etiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Treatment Outcome , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/complications , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Cerebellar phaeohyphomycosis was diagnosed in an 8-year-old neutered male domestic cat. Gross lesions were limited to the cerebellum, which had a focally extensive dark brown-black, soft, irregular area affecting the cortex and white matter of the left hemisphere and extending to the reticular formation. Microscopically, multifocal pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis with intralesional pigmented fungal hyphae effaced the cerebellar grey and white matter. Fungal hyphae were 3-6 µm in diameter, septate and non-dichotomously branched, with parallel, thin and slightly bulbous walls. Polymerase chain reaction for the internal transcribed spacer 1-2 ribosomal RNA genes was performed on tissue samples from formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded sections of cerebellum. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified fragment identified the fungal agent as Cladosporium cladosporioides. This is the first confirmed report of cerebellar phaeohyphomycosis attributable to C. cladosporioides-complex in a domestic cat.
Subject(s)
Cat Diseases/pathology , Cerebellar Diseases/veterinary , Meningoencephalitis/veterinary , Phaeohyphomycosis/veterinary , Animals , Cat Diseases/microbiology , Cats , Cladosporium , MaleABSTRACT
Deep neck infections (DNIs) are special entities among infectious diseases for their versatility and potential for severe complications. Complex head and neck anatomy often makes early recognition of DNIs challenging, and a high index of suspicion is necessary to avoid any delay in treatment. The diagnosis is made by clinical history, physical examination findings and imaging studies. The treatment consists in securing the airway, intravenous antibiotics and surgical drainage, when needed. To make decisions the surgeon must understand the anatomy of the region, the etiology of infection, appropriate diagnostic tools, and medical and surgical management. This article provides a review of these pertinent topics. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Neck/anatomy & histology , Neck/physiopathology , Neck/microbiology , Fasciitis, Necrotizing , Carotid Artery Injuries , Lemierre Syndrome , MediastinitisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Adnexal paraovarian cysts are not frequently seen during teen development, their incidence is around 10% and usually benign. CLINICAL CASE: Adolescent female 15 years old with no pathological family and personal history relevant to her current condition. Chief complaint: Six months ago she complained with abdominal pain in meso, hypogastrium and right iliac fossa. Later, she observed an increased volume on her lower quadrant of the abdomen, mostly on her right side. During physical examination an abdominal tumor was palpated. By an abdominal-rectal manouvre, the presence of tumor was confirmed and located in front of the rectum and no implants. Imaging studies confirmed a paraovarian cyst. She underwent on surgical laparatomy and a paraovarian cyst was found. The histological diagnosis was a cystadenoma. The postoperative course was satisfactory. DISCUSSION: Epidemiological data and ultrasonographic findings are examined to confirm the diagnosis of paraovarian cyst. The laparoscopic treatment for adnexal problems is described.
Subject(s)
Broad Ligament/surgery , Cystadenoma/surgery , Genital Neoplasms, Female/surgery , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Adolescent , Broad Ligament/diagnostic imaging , Broad Ligament/pathology , Constipation/etiology , Cystadenoma/complications , Cystadenoma/diagnostic imaging , Cystadenoma/pathology , Female , Genital Neoplasms, Female/complications , Genital Neoplasms, Female/diagnostic imaging , Genital Neoplasms, Female/pathology , Humans , Laparotomy , Tumor Burden , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In children, acute affectation of the thorax is presented during pleuropulmonary infection, bronchopulmonary malformation and malignant tumors. We had the opportunity to treat patients with malignant tumors in the thorax and we present our findings. CLINICAL CASES: We studied three patients with the diagnosis of pleuropulmonary blastoma. All patients were being treated with surgical resection for the neoplasm and one patient received pneumonectomy. Diagnosis of blastoma was confirmed histologically and one had positive histochemical markers to vimentin and S-100. Only one patient died. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Different cellular types of pleuropulmonary blastoma were confirmed using histochemical markers. 2. The pediatric surgeon facing a case of a child with acute thorax affectation due to pleuropulmonary blastoma must undertake thoracotomy on an urgent basis.
ANTECEDENTES: en los niños, la afección aguda del tórax se manifiesta concomitante con infección pleuropulmonar, malformaciones broncopulmonares y tumores torácicos malignos. Tuvimos la oportunidad de tratar a pacientes con neoplasia maligna, lo que nos motivó a comunicarla. Casos clínicos: se estudian y reportan los casos de tres pacientes con diagnóstico de blastoma pleuropulmonar. Todos se trataron quirúrgicamente mediante resección del tumor en dos pacientes, en uno fue necesaria la neumonectomía. Los estudios histológicos demostraron que se trataba de un blastoma pleuropulmonar con anaplasia y otro resultó positivo para el marcador tumoral de vimentina y S-100. Solo hubo un fallecimiento. CONCLUSIONES: los diferentes tipos celulares que forman el blastoma pleuropulmonar se ratifican con la aplicación de marcadores histoquímicos. Ante un paciente pediátrico con afección aguda del tórax por blastoma pleuropulmonar, el cirujano pediatra tendrá que practicar una toracotomía de urgencia.
Subject(s)
Leiomyosarcoma/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/pathology , Sarcoma/pathology , Adolescent , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Child, Preschool , Combined Modality Therapy , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Dactinomycin/administration & dosage , Fatal Outcome , Female , Humans , Leiomyosarcoma/drug therapy , Leiomyosarcoma/radiotherapy , Leiomyosarcoma/surgery , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/complications , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/surgery , Pneumonectomy , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant , Sarcoma/surgery , Superior Vena Cava Syndrome/etiology , Vincristine/administration & dosageABSTRACT
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the feasibility of the utilization of CaSO4:Dy pellets for X-ray measurements in a general radiology department. Thermoluminescence (TL) response of CaSO4:Dy+PTFE was compared to the TL response of commercial LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) samples. TL pellets were exposed to X-ray beam from X-ray machine CMR for clinical diagnosis purpose. The calibration curve of CaSO4:Dy+PTFE was obtained and it showed a linear response as a function of absorbed dose in air at the studied dose interval. Despite this fact, this material can be used for X-ray beams measurements if appropriate calibration procedures are performed.
Subject(s)
Calcium Sulfate/chemistry , Polytetrafluoroethylene/chemistry , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry/methods , X-Rays , Calibration , HumansABSTRACT
In the present work high energy electron beam dosimetry from linear accelerator (LINACs) for clinical applications using dysprosium doped calcium sulfate embedded in polytetrafluorethylene (CaSO4:Dy+PTFE) was studied. The irradiations were carried out using high electron beams (6 to 18 MeV) from a linear accelerator (LINAC) Varian, CLINAC 2300C/D, for clinical practice purpose. The electron irradiations were obtained using the water solid in order to guarantee electronic equilibrium conditions (EEC). Field shaping for electron beams was obtained with electron cones. Glow curve and other thermoluminescent characteristics of CaSO4:Dy+PTFE were conducted under high electrons beams irradiations. The TL response of the pellets showed an intensity peak centered at around 215 °C. TL response of CaSO4:Dy+PTFE as a function of high electron absorbed dose showed a linearity in a wide range. To obtain reproducibility characteristic, a set of pellets were exposed repeatedly for the same electron absorbed dose. The results obtained in this study can suggest the applicability of CaSO4:Dy+PTFE pellets for high electron beam dosimetry, provided fading is correctly accounted for.
Subject(s)
Calcium Sulfate/therapeutic use , Electrons , Polytetrafluoroethylene/therapeutic use , Thermoluminescent DosimetryABSTRACT
In Mexico, medicinal plants are widely used. The use of Randia aculeata by healers against snakebites has never been scientifically tested in relation to possible effects on blood parameters and muscle tissue damage. Interviews were carried out in Jamapa, Veracuz, Mexico, with local residents to collect information about the traditional use of Randia aculeata. In this locality, seven pieces of fruit from the plant are mixed in a liter of alcohol, and then administered orally against snakebites. By using histological techniques and a murine model, we explored its cytoprotective properties against the effects of Crotalus simus and Bothrops asper venoms. Possible protections provided by the plant against tissue damage to skeletal and cardiac muscles and against the typical loss of red blood cells were analyzed. Randia aculeata caused an increase in microhematocrit and total hemoglobin, parameters that are often decremented in association with the loss of red blood cells, which is a characteristic effect of animal venom. Randia aculeata was also shown to protect against the lowering of platelet levels caused by Bothrops asper venom. Finally, Randia aculeata produced a partial inhibition of necrosis following administration of snake venom in skeletal and myocardial muscles. The present results provide solid evidence for the traditional use of Randia aculeata against snakebites, as demonstrated by protection against muscular tissue damage and the diminution of red blood cells.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Ethnobotany/methods , Rubiaceae/immunology , Rubiaceae/metabolism , Antivenins/administration & dosage , Antivenins/blood , Antivenins , Antivenins/therapeutic use , Plants, Medicinal , Snake Bites/immunologyABSTRACT
In Mexico, medicinal plants are widely used. The use of Randia aculeata by healers against snakebites has never been scientifically tested in relation to possible effects on blood parameters and muscle tissue damage. Interviews were carried out in Jamapa, Veracuz, Mexico, with local residents to collect information about the traditional use of Randia aculeata. In this locality, seven pieces of fruit from the plant are mixed in a liter of alcohol, and then administered orally against snakebites. By using histological techniques and a murine model, we explored its cytoprotective properties against the effects of Crotalus simus and Bothrops asper venoms. Possible protections provided by the plant against tissue damage to skeletal and cardiac muscles and against the typical loss of red blood cells were analyzed. Randia aculeata caused an increase in microhematocrit and total hemoglobin, parameters that are often decremented in association with the loss of red blood cells, which is a characteristic effect of animal venom. Randia aculeata was also shown to protect against the lowering of platelet levels caused by Bothrops asper venom. Finally, Randia aculeata produced a partial inhibition of necrosis following administration of snake venom in skeletal and myocardial muscles. The present results provide solid evidence for the traditional use of Randia aculeata against snakebites, as demonstrated by protection against muscular tissue damage and the diminution of red blood cells.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Antivenins , Muscles/injuries , Rubiaceae/immunology , Snake Venoms , Wounds and Injuries , EthnobotanyABSTRACT
To define the role of CD38 in the migration of neutrophils to the liver and consequently in the induction of an innate immune response during murine hepatic amoebiasis by Entamoeba histolytica, we examined amoebic liver abscess development (ALA), presence of amoebae and neutrophils, and expression levels of cytokines and other inflammation mediators mRNA, in infected wild-type and CD38 Knockout (CD38KO) C57BL/6J mice. Results showed that CD38KO mice undergo a delay in ALA development in comparison with the wild-type strain. The presence of amoebae lasted longer in CD38(-/-), and although neutrophils arrived to the liver in both strains, there was a clear difference in the time between the two strains; whereas in the wild-type strain, neutrophils arrived at early times (6-12 h), in the CD38KO strain, neutrophils arrived later (48-72 h). Cytokines profile during the innate immune response development (TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6) was, for WT mice concomitant with, and preceded, for CD38KO mice, the time in which neutrophils were present in the liver lesion. In conclusion, CD38 is important for neutrophils migration during hepatic amoebiasis, and in turn, these cells play an important role in the innate immune response.
Subject(s)
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/deficiency , Entamoeba histolytica/immunology , Immunity, Innate , Liver Abscess, Amebic/immunology , Liver/immunology , Membrane Glycoproteins/deficiency , Neutrophils/immunology , ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/immunology , Animals , Cytokines/biosynthesis , Disease Models, Animal , Gene Expression Profiling , Inflammation Mediators/immunology , Male , Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Knockout , Time FactorsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Paediatric pseudotumour cerebri or idiopathic intracranial hypertension syndrome is rare in the paediatric age and presents with clinical features that differ from the clinical picture seen in adults. It is not a benign condition in children and, although sometimes used to identify this syndrome, the term 'benign intracranial hypertension' must therefore be avoided. It is characterised by an increase in the intracranial pressure with analytically normal cerebrospinal fluid and the absence of expansive injuries detected by means of neuroimaging. DEVELOPMENT: It is a complex syndrome that causes intense headaches in children with acute loss of vision and, on occasions, optic atrophy. Its treatment has to be tailored to each patient and the use of different pharmacological or neurosurgical treatments must be considered to avoid permanent visual damage. We reviewed the case mix at our Institute over the last 10 years (1995-2005) and found 23 children (between 3 and 15 years of age) who fulfilled Dandy criteria confirming a diagnosis as suffering from paediatric pseudotumour cerebri, with no predominance of sex or associated obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Its treatment must be established on an individualised basis, as well as ongoing and multidisciplinary; fenestration of the optic nerve sheath or the implantation of lumboperitoneal shunts correct refractory syndromes, which in our case accounted for 35% of the total number. The rest were treated with acetazolamide, diet and steroids.
Subject(s)
Pseudotumor Cerebri , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Pseudotumor Cerebri/diagnosis , Pseudotumor Cerebri/epidemiology , Pseudotumor Cerebri/etiology , Pseudotumor Cerebri/therapy , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the present review was to analyse the comorbidity that exists between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sleep disorders in children and adolescents, together with their clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment regimens. DEVELOPMENT: ADHD and sleep disorders are a frequent cause of visits in neuropaediatric departments. Around 25% of children with ADHD have some kind of sleep disorder but, unlike the case of adults, these often remain undetected. We nearly always choose to improve hyperactivity, attention deficit and impulsiveness symptomatically and forget to treat the associated sleep disorder. CONCLUSIONS: There is a clear correlation between ADHD and sleep disorders and they are very common in visits to the neuropaediatric department. Diagnosis of these patients is clinical. Neurophysiological evaluation, especially using polysomnography, provides objective confirmation of the symptoms. Novel treatments such as melatonin and other drugs are now available to improve the sleep pattern. By improving these children's sleep, the symptoms of ADHD are diminished and thus avoid the need to administer psychostimulants, which have undesirable side effects that produce a great deal of anxiety in the parents of these children.
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications , Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology , Adolescent , Child , Humans , Sleep Wake Disorders/diagnosis , Sleep Wake Disorders/therapyABSTRACT
The goal of cardiac rehabilitation is to incorporate patients with heart disease into their physical and social activities in such conditions that will allow them to lead a normal life "as good as possible". Their psychological needs have to be addressed, since these patients on leaving the hospital are anxious and afraid of the their future. The rehabilitation team must train the patients until they reach with success phase II of the heart rehabilitation program. The nurse plays and important role since she/he is the main mentor during phase II. At the cardiac rehabilitation service of the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", we worked during May, June, July of last year with 45 patients in phase II; of these, 84% were men, most between 60 and 79 years of age (60%). The most frequent diagnoses were ischemic cardiopathy (71%) and arterial hypertension (64%). The most frequent medical-surgical treatments were: thrombolytic therapy, angioplasty, and placement of stents and aortic-coronary ducts in 48%. Stratification was of high risk in 62.2%.
Subject(s)
Heart Diseases/nursing , Heart Diseases/rehabilitation , HumansABSTRACT
Se evaluó la efectividad e inocuidad de sulglicotide a la dosis de 200 mg tres veces al día durante 6 semanas en 62 pacientes con gastritis y duodenitis no lucerosa. Las evaluaciones fueron realizadas mediante examen clínico, endoscopia y opinión por parte del médico. A la sexta semana el tratamiento produjo una disminución significativa de los escores iniciales de todos los síntomas evaluados, así como en los escores endoscópicos. Los efectos adversos observados fueron: náuseas, resequedad, mal sabor y olor en la boca, cefalea, erupciones de la piel, mareos y sensación de hambre