ABSTRACT
Background: Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was the standard in breast cancer with axillary involvement until recently. Along with the number of metastatic nodes, axillary positivity was considered a main prognostic factor and scientific evidence shows that the administration of radiotherapy on ganglion areas decreases the risk of recurrence even in positive axilla. The objective of this study was to evaluate the axillary treatment in patients with positive axilla at diagnosis, the evolution of them over time, and to assess patient's follow-up with the aim of avoiding the morbidity associated with axillary dissection. Methods: A retrospective observational study of breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2017 was performed. In total, 1,100 patients were studied, out of which 168 were women with clinically and histologically positive axilla at diagnosis. Seventy-six percent received primary chemotherapy and subsequent treatment with sentinel node biopsy, axillary dissection, or both. Patients with positive sentinel lymph node biopsy received either radiotherapy or lymphadenectomy depending on the year time they were diagnosed. Results: For 60 patients out of 168, neoadjuvant chemotherapy resulted in a complete pathological axillary response. Axillary recurrence was registered for six patients. No recurrence was detected in the biopsy group associated with radiotherapy. These results support the benefit of lymph node radiotherapy for patients with positive sentinel node biopsy after receiving primary chemotherapy. Conclusion: Sentinel node biopsy provides useful and reliable information about cancer staging and might prevent lymphadenectomy, leading to a decrease in morbidity. Pathological response to systemic treatment came out as the most important predictive factor of disease-free survival of breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Humans , Female , Male , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Axilla , Follow-Up Studies , Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy , Hospitals, UniversityABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Fibroma, Ossifying/diagnosis , Fibroma, Ossifying/pathology , Clavicle/pathology , Clavicle/surgery , Fibroma, Ossifying/surgery , Clavicle/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , ImmunohistochemistryABSTRACT
Traumatic esophageal injuries occur less than 10% of the time in the setting of blunt or penetrating trauma. The purpose of this literature review is to provide an update on the most recent changes involving the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal injuries. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, to identify articles written in English language with the terms "non- iatrogenic", "esophageal", "trauma", "diagnosis", "management", and "prognosis". Case reports and articles involving non-traumatic esophageal perforations were excluded. Fifty pertinent articles in English language from 1947 to 2015 were selected for review. Based on the review of all articles, we designed a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm to facilitate the diagnosis and management of the traumatic esophageal injury.
Subject(s)
Esophagus/injuries , Thoracic Injuries/diagnosis , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/diagnosis , Wounds, Penetrating/diagnosis , Diagnostic Imaging , Esophagus/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Survival Rate , Thoracic Injuries/therapy , Trauma Severity Indices , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/therapy , Wounds, Penetrating/therapyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The principles of perineal reconstructive surgery comprise adequate filling of the defect along with stable and durable skin coverage, with a low morbidity rate. Two-flap perineal reconstruction is a simple, fast and reliable technique that uses a single donor site. This improves scar position with low morbidity. It is based in the use of 2flaps; one flap fills the defect with a «turn over¼ technique and the other is a rotation - advancement flap for skin coverage. CLINICAL CASE: A 52-year-old male diagnosed with Lynch syndrome who underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal amputation for adenocarcinoma of the lower rectum and developed recurrence 2years later over the perineal scar that required radical resection and perineal reconstruction. CONCLUSION: The use of this approach facilitates perineal reconstruction and enables treatment of patients with large and complex defects in frequently irradiated tissues where wound dehiscence and infection are common.
