Variables asociadas con mortalidad en una población de pacientes mayores de 80 años y con algún grado de dependencia funcional, hospitalizados por COVID-19 en un Servicio de Geriatría / Variables associated with mortality in a selected sample of patients older than 80 years and with some degree of functional dependence hospitalized for COVID-19 in a Geriatrics Service

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: La pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 condiciona elevadas tasas de mortalidad en pacientes mayores hospitalizados. Actualmente, pocos estudios incluyen pacientes octogenarios y ninguno analiza el impacto del estado funcional sobre este resultado de salud. Nuestro objetivo es describir las características de los pacientes mayores de 80 años hospitalizados por coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), determinar la tasa de mortalidad e identificar factores asociados. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional prospectivo realizado en mayores de 80 años ingresados por COVID-19 en un Servicio de Geriatría. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, funcionales, mentales, analíticas, radiológicas, terapéuticas y asistenciales. Se analizaron mediante análisis bivariante los factores asociados a mortalidad intrahospitalaria. RESULTADOS: Fueron incluidos 58 casos con COVID-19 confirmado por laboratorio, edad media 88,3 ± 5,4 años, 69% mujeres, 65,5% deterioro cognitivo moderado-severo e índice de Barthel previo 40,6 ± 36. Los principales síntomas fueron fiebre (60,3%), disnea (53,4%) y deterioro del estado funcional (50%). Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron enfermedad cardiovascular (75,9%), hipertensión arterial (HTA) (74,1%) y enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) (50%). Se detectó una tasa de mortalidad del 41,4%, siendo los factores asociados: dependencia funcional severa (OR = 3,8 [1,2-12,2]), ERC (OR = 3,2 [1,1-9,7]), deterioro cognitivo moderado-severo (OR = 4,9 [1 a 25,4]). CONCLUSIONES: Se objetivan altas tasas de mortalidad en pacientes mayores hospitalizados por COVID-19, con mayor riesgo de fallecer en aquellos con dependencia funcional severa o deterioro cognitivo. Estos hallazgos refuerzan la importancia de la Valoración Geriátrica para elaborar estrategias que permitan adecuar la toma de decisiones diagnósticas y terapéuticas y optimizar la atención al paciente anciano ante un nuevo brote epidémico

OBJECTIVE: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic conditions high mortality rates in hospitalized elderly. Currently, a few studies include octogenarian patients and none of them analyze the impact of functional status on this health outcome. Our objective is to describe the characteristics of patients older than 80 years hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), to determine the mortality rate and to identify associated factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective observational study carried out on patients over 80 years admitted for COVID-19 in a Geriatrics Service. Sociodemographic, clinical, functional, mental, analytical, radiological, therapeutic and healthcare variables were collected. The factors associated with in-hospital lethality were analyzed by bivariate analysis. RESULTS: 58 cases with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included, mean age 88.3 ± 5.4 years, 69% women, 65.5% moderate-severe cognitive impairment and previous Barthel index 40.66 ± 36. The main symptoms were fever (60,3%), dyspnea (53.4%) and deterioration of functional condition (50%). The most frequent comorbidities were cardiovascular disease (75.9%), hypertension (HT) (74.1%) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (50%). A mortality rate of 41,4% was detected and the associated factors were: severe functional dependence (OR = 3.8 [1.2-12.2]), moderate-severe cognitive impairment (OR = 4.9 [1-25.4]) and CKD (OR = 3.2 [1.1-9.7]). CONCLUSION: High mortality rates are observed in older patients hospitalized for COVID-19, with a higher risk of dying in those with severe functional dependence or cognitive impairment. These findings reinforce the value of Geriatric Assessment to develop strategies to adapt diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making and to optimize care for elderly patients in the event of a new epidemic outbreak

[Variables associated with mortality in a selected sample of patients older than 80 years and with some degree of functional dependence hospitalized for COVID-19 in a Geriatrics Service]. / Variables asociadas con mortalidad en una población de pacientes mayores de 80 años y con algún grado de dependencia funcional, hospitalizados por COVID-19 en un Servicio de Geriatría.

OBJECTIVE: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic conditions high mortality rates in hospitalized elderly. Currently, a few studies include octogenarian patients and none of them analyze the impact of functional status on this health outcome. Our objective is to describe the characteristics of patients older than 80 years hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), to determine the mortality rate and to identify associated factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective observational study carried out on patients over 80 years admitted for COVID-19 in a Geriatrics Service. Sociodemographic, clinical, functional, mental, analytical, radiological, therapeutic and healthcare variables were collected. The factors associated with in-hospital lethality were analyzed by bivariate analysis. RESULTS: 58 cases with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included, mean age 88.3 ± 5.4 years, 69% women, 65.5% moderate-severe cognitive impairment and previous Barthel index 40.66 ± 36. The main symptoms were fever (60,3%), dyspnea (53.4%) and deterioration of functional condition (50%). The most frequent comorbidities were cardiovascular disease (75.9%), hypertension (HT) (74.1%) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (50%). A mortality rate of 41,4% was detected and the associated factors were: severe functional dependence (OR = 3.8 [1.2-12.2]), moderate-severe cognitive impairment (OR = 4.9 [1-25.4]) and CKD (OR = 3.2 [1.1-9.7]). CONCLUSION: High mortality rates are observed in older patients hospitalized for COVID-19, with a higher risk of dying in those with severe functional dependence or cognitive impairment. These findings reinforce the value of Geriatric Assessment to develop strategies to adapt diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making and to optimize care for elderly patients in the event of a new epidemic outbreak.

Delirium en centros residenciales para personas mayores. Estudio de la prevalencia y los factores asociados / Delirium in nursing homes. Prevalence and risk factors

Objetivos. Estudiar la prevalencia de delirium en ancianos institucionalizados en residencias para personas mayores; analizar los posibles factores clínicos, funcionales y mentales asociados. Material y métodos. Estudio epidemiológico transversal sobre una población de mayores de 65 años institucionalizados en 2011 en 6 residencias de Asturias. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, funcionales (índice de Barthel [IB]), mentales (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]). El diagnóstico de delirium se realizó en base al Confusion Assessment Method. Resultados. Quinientos cinco sujetos fueron incluidos en el estudio (83,30 ± 7,33 años; 67,70% mujeres; MMSE 17,19 ± 10,35; IB 55,11 ± 35,82). Se detectó una prevalencia de delirium del 11,70%. Se observó asociación estadística con delirium de: puntuación en IB, puntuación en MMSE, presencia de demencia, de úlceras por presión o de sonda urinaria y ser tratados con clometiazol, con inhibidores de la colinesterasa o con trazodona. Al realizar un análisis de regresión logística permanecieron como variables en el modelo la puntuación en el Barthel, el diagnóstico de demencia y el ser tratados con clometiazol o trazodona. Conclusiones. Para nuestra población de estudio, el 11,7% de los sujetos institucionalizados presenta delirium. Según los resultados obtenidos, la puntuación en IB así como la existencia de demencia y la prescripción de clometiazol o trazodona son factores que se asocian a la presencia de delirium en el medio residencial (AU)

Objectives. To study the prevalence of delirium in the residential environment and to analyse the associated clinical, functional and mental factors. Material and methods. A cross-sectional epidemic study was conducted on a population of elderly persons institutionalised in 2011 in 6 nursing homes in Asturias. Socio-demographic, clinical, functional (Barthel Index [BI]) and mental (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]) variables were collected. Delirium was defined by the Confusion Assessment Method. Results. A total of 505 elderly were included in the study (age 83.30 ± 7.33 years, with 67.70% women), and scores on the MMSE of 17.19 ± 10.35 and a BI score of 55.11 ± 35.82. The prevalence of delirium was 11.70%. On examining the risk of delirium among the studied variables, there was statistical significance when considering: BI, MMSE, dementia, pressure ulcers, or urinary catheter, and the prescribing of clomethiazole, ACTH-I or trazodone. In the analysis of the variables in the logistic regression with BI, diagnosis of dementia, the prescribing of clomethiazole or trazodone, in the equation, there was a statistical significance associated with delirium. Conclusions. The prevalence of delirium in a residential environment in our study population was 11.7%. The results show that BI, diagnosis of dementia, and prescribing of clomethiazole or trazodone were associated with risk of delirium in institutionalised patients (AU)

[Delirium in nursing homes. Prevalence and risk factors]. / Delirium en centros residenciales para personas mayores. Estudio de la prevalencia y los factores asociados.

OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of delirium in the residential environment and to analyse the associated clinical, functional and mental factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemic study was conducted on a population of elderly persons institutionalised in 2011 in 6 nursing homes in Asturias. Socio-demographic, clinical, functional (Barthel Index [BI]) and mental (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]) variables were collected. Delirium was defined by the Confusion Assessment Method. RESULTS: A total of 505 elderly were included in the study (age 83.30 ± 7.33 years, with 67.70% women), and scores on the MMSE of 17.19 ± 10.35 and a BI score of 55.11 ± 35.82. The prevalence of delirium was 11.70%. On examining the risk of delirium among the studied variables, there was statistical significance when considering: BI, MMSE, dementia, pressure ulcers, or urinary catheter, and the prescribing of clomethiazole, ACTH-I or trazodone. In the analysis of the variables in the logistic regression with BI, diagnosis of dementia, the prescribing of clomethiazole or trazodone, in the equation, there was a statistical significance associated with delirium. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of delirium in a residential environment in our study population was 11.7%. The results show that BI, diagnosis of dementia, and prescribing of clomethiazole or trazodone were associated with risk of delirium in institutionalised patients.

[Prevalence and therapeutic management of dementia in nursing homes in Asturias (Spain)]. / Prevalencia y manejo terapéutico de la demencia en centros residenciales para la tercera edad del Principado de Asturias.

OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of cognitive decline and dementia in the residential environment, the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments used, and the possible existence of undiagnosed dementia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional epidemiological study in a population of 215 elderly persons institutionalized in October 2007 in three nursing homes in Asturias. Socio-demographic, clinical, functional and mental variables were collected through a predefined study protocol. RESULTS: A total of 215 elderly individuals were included in the study (mean +/- standard deviation [SD] 81.2+/-10.2 years, 70.2% women). Barthel Index scores were 50.63+/-37.43, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were 14.71+/-9.73 and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) scores were 3.63+/-3.74. Dementia had been diagnosed in 34.4%, the most prevalent cause being Alzheimer's disease (20.9%). Among patients diagnosed with dementia, 45.9% received specific pharmacological treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Among elderly residents who had attended school, 77.8% had MMSE scores below 24 and 32.9% were diagnosed with dementia. Among individuals that had not attended school, 75% had MMSE scores below 18 and 39.6% were diagnosed with dementia. CONCLUSIONS: In our study population, approximately 76% of nursing home residents showed some degree of cognitive decline, 1 out of 3 residents had been diagnosed with dementia and about half were receiving specific pharmacological treatment. The results show that approximately 40% of elderly individuals admitted to nursing homes with cognitive impairment lack a clear diagnosis of the syndrome or its cause.

Prevalencia y manejo terapéutico de la demencia en centros residenciales para la tercera edad del Principado de Asturias / Prevalence and therapeutic management of dementia in nursing homes in Asturias (Spain)

Objetivosestudiar la prevalencia de deterioro cognoscitivo y de demencia en el medio residencial, los tratamientos farmacológicos y no farmacológicos utilizados y la posible existencia de demencia no diagnosticada.Material y métodosestudio epidemiológico transversal sobre una población de 215 ancianos institucionalizados en octubre de 2007 en 3 centros residenciales del Principado de Asturias. Mediante un protocolo de estudio predefinido, se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, funcionales y mentales.Resultadosse incluyó a 215 ancianos en el estudio (edad media±desviación estándar [DE], 81,2±10,2 años; 70,2% mujeres), puntuaciones medias (±DE) en el índice de Barthel 50,63±37,43, en el Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) 14,71±9,73 y en la escala de depresión geriátrica de Yesavage (GDS) 3,63±3,74. El 34,4% había sido diagnosticado de demencia; la causa más prevalente fue la enfermedad de Alzheimer (20,9%). De los pacientes con diagnóstico de demencia, el 45,9% recibía algún tratamiento farmacológico específico para el Alzheimer. En los sujetos escolarizados, el 77,8% tenía puntuaciones en el MMSE inferiores a 24 y el 32,9% estaba diagnosticado de demencia; en los sujetos sin escolarización, el 75% tenía puntuaciones en el MMSE inferiores a 18 y el 39,6% estaba diagnosticado de demencia.Conclusionespara nuestra población de estudio, alrededor del 76% de los sujetos presenta algún grado de deterioro cognoscitivo, 1 de cada 3 residentes fue diagnosticado de demencia y cerca de la mitad está recibiendo un tratamiento farmacológico específico. Según los resultados obtenidos, aproximadamente el 40% de los ancianos ingresados con problemas cognoscitivos no tienen un diagnóstico claro del síndrome demencial ni de la causa de éste (AU)

ObjectivesTo study the prevalence of cognitive decline and dementia in the residential environment, the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments used, and the possible existence of undiagnosed dementia.Material and methodsWe performed a cross-sectional epidemiological study in a population of 215 elderly persons institutionalized in October 2007 in three nursing homes in Asturias. Socio-demographic, clinical, functional and mental variables were collected through a predefined study protocol.ResultsA total of 215 elderly individuals were included in the study (mean ± standard deviation [SD] 81.2±10.2 years, 70.2% women). Barthel Index scores were 50.63±37.43, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were 14.71±9.73 and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) scores were 3.63±3.74. Dementia had been diagnosed in 34.4%, the most prevalent cause being Alzheimer's disease (20.9%). Among patients diagnosed with dementia, 45.9% received specific pharmacological treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Among elderly residents who had attended school, 77.8% had MMSE scores below 24 and 32.9% were diagnosed with dementia. Among individuals that had not attended school, 75% had MMSE scores below 18 and 39.6% were diagnosed with dementia.ConclusionsIn our study population, approximately 76% of nursing home residents showed some degree of cognitive decline, 1 out of 3 residents had been diagnosed with dementia and about half were receiving specific pharmacological treatment. The results show that approximately 40% of elderly individuals admitted to nursing homes with cognitive impairment lack a clear diagnosis of the syndrome or its cause (AU)