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1.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 60(5): 511-516, 2022 Aug 31.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36048629

ABSTRACT

Background: A segment of children and adolescents with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) develops pneumonia and published evidence regarding its prognostic factors in this specific population is scarce. Objective: To characterize the survival of children and adolescents hospitalized for pneumonia related to COVID-19, as well as to evaluate prognostic factors for disease's outcomes. Material and methods: A cohort study was performed in Mexico and data from hospitalized children and adolescents with COVID-19 related pneumonia were analyzed. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate survival functions and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), as well as Cox proportional-hazards regressions to evaluate the association of the evaluated exposures with the outcomes of disease. Results: A total of 1423 patients were recruited for a follow-up of 15,188 person-days and the overall rate of in-hospital mortality (n = 208) was 13.7 per 1000 person-days. The survival function was 96.5% (95% CI 95.2-97.4%) and 69.3% (95% CI 63.9-74.0) of hospital stay, respectively. In multiple analysis, the history of immunosuppression was associated with an increased risk of a fatal outcome (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.70, IC 95% 1.38-5.30). Conclusions: We characterized the survival of a large cohort of children and adolescents with COVID-19 related pneumonia. The presented findings suggest that minors with a history of immunosuppression and pneumonia have an increased risk of fatal outcome.


Introducción: un segmento de niños y adolescentes con enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) desarrollan neumonía y la evidencia publicada con relación a los factores pronósticos en esta población específica es escasa. Objetivo: caracterizar la supervivencia de niños y adolescentes hospitalizados por neumonía relacionada con COVID-19, así como evaluar factores pronósticos del desenlace de la enfermedad. Material y métodos: se hizo un estudio de tipo cohorte en México e información de niños y adolescentes hospitalizados por neumonía relacionada con COVID-19 fue analizada. Usamos el metódo de Kaplan-Meier para estimar funciones de supervivencia e intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC 95%), y modelos de regresión de riesgos proporcionales de Cox para evaluar la asociación de las exposiciones evaluadas con el desenlace de la enfermedad. Resultados: se incluyeron un total de 1423 pacientes con un seguimiento de 15,188 días-persona y la tasa general de mortalidad hospitalaria (n = 208) fue 13.7 por 1000 días-persona. La función de supervivencia fue de 96.5% (IC 95% 95.2-97.4%) a 69.3% (IC 95% 63.9-74.0) a los tres y 30 días de estancia hospitalaria, respectivamente. En el análisis múltiple, el antecedente de inmunosupresión se asoció con un incremento en el riesgo de un desenlace fatal (cociente de riesgo [HR] = 2.70, IC 95% 1.38-5.30). Conclusiones: caracterizamos la experiencia de supervivencia en una cohorte numerosa de niños y adolescentes con neumonía por COVID-19. Los hallazgos presentados sugieren que los menores de edad con antecedente de inmunosupresión y neumonía tienen un riesgo incrementado de un desenlace fatal.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pneumonia , Adolescent , COVID-19/complications , Child , Cohort Studies , Hospital Mortality , Hospitalization , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , SARS-CoV-2
2.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 59(6): 465-472, 2021 11 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34905320

ABSTRACT

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has serious health implications and upward trends of the disease, accompanied by the obesity epidemic worldwide. Objective: To screen for fatty liver in overweight and obese children and evaluate the factors associated with an increased likelihood of presenting a positive-screen result. Material and methods: In a cross-sectional study, 102 children were recruited at a secondary care medical unit. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were quantified and hepatic ultrasounds were performed; multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with the increased odds of presenting with NAFLD (fatty infiltration on ultrasound and ALT > 52 U/L for boys and > 44 U/L for girls). Results: The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 10.8%. In multivariate analysis, a waist-to-hip ratio ≥ 1 was associated with increased odds of screening positive for NAFLD (odds ratio (OR) = 4.96, 95% CI 1.17-20.90). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that one out of ten children with overweight or obesity has data suggestive of NAFLD and is at risk of presenting its consequences on health.


Introducción: la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) tiene graves implicaciones para la salud y, asociada a la epidemia de obesidad, es una tendencia creciente. Objetivo: detectar la presencia de hígado graso en niños con sobrepeso y obesidad, así como evaluar los factores asociados con una mayor posibilidad de presentar un resultado positivo en la detección. Material y metódos: se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal en una unidad médica del segundo nivel de atención médica en el que fueron reclutados 102 niños. Los niveles séricos de alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) fueron cuantificados y se realizaron ecografías hepáticas. Modelos de regresión logística múltiple fueron utilizados para evaluar los factores asociados con la presencia de EHGNA (infiltración grasa en la ecografía y ALT > 52U/L para niños y > 44 U/L para niñas). Resultados: la prevalencia de EHGNA fue del 10.8%. En el análisis multivariante, una relación entre cintura y cadera ≥ 1 se asoció con una mayor posibilidad de EHNGA (razón de momios (RM) = 4.96, IC del 95%: 1.17 - 20.90). Conclusiones: nuestros hallazgos indican que uno de cada diez niños sobrepeso y obesidad tiene datos sugestivos de EHGNA y está en riesgo de presentar sus consecuencias para la salud.


Subject(s)
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Pediatric Obesity , Alanine Transaminase , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology , Overweight/complications , Overweight/epidemiology , Pediatric Obesity/complications , Pediatric Obesity/diagnosis , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Prevalence
3.
Rev. Méd. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 59(6): 465-472, dic. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1354746

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) tiene graves implicaciones para la salud y, asociada a la epidemia de obesidad, es una tendencia creciente. Objetivo: detectar la presencia de hígado graso en niños con sobrepeso y obesidad, así como evaluar los factores asociados con una mayor posibilidad de presentar un resultado positivo en la detección. Metódos: se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal en una unidad médica del segundo nivel de atención médica en el que fueron reclutados 102 niños. Los niveles séricos de alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) fueron cuantificados y se realizaron ecografías hepáticas. Modelos de regresión logística múltiple fueron utilizados para evaluar los factores asociados con la presencia de EHGNA (infiltración grasa en la ecografía y ALT > 52U/L para niños y > 44 U/L para niñas). Resultados: la prevalencia de EHGNA fue del 10,8%. En el análisis multivariante, una relación entre cintura y cadera ≥ 1 se asoció con una mayor posibilidad de EHNGA (razón de momios (RM) = 4.96, IC del 95%: 1.17 - 20.90). Conclusiones: nuestros hallazgos indican que uno de cada diez niños sobrepeso y obesidad tiene datos sugestivos de EHGNA y está en riesgo de presentar sus consecuencias para la salud.


Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has serious health implications and upward trends of the disease, accompanied by the obesity epidemic worldwide. Objective: To screen for fatty liver in overweight and obese children and evaluate the factors associated with an increased likelihood of presenting a positive-screen result. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 102 children were recruited at a secondary care medical unit. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were quantified and hepatic ultrasounds were performed; multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with the increased odds of presenting with NAFLD (fatty infiltration on ultrasound and ALT > 52 U/L for boys and > 44 U/L for girls). Results: The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 10.8%. In multivariate analysis, a waist-to-hip ratio ≥ 1 was associated with increased odds of screening positive for NAFLD (odds ratio (OR) = 4.96, 95% CI 1.17-20.90). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that one out of ten children with overweight or obesity has data suggestive of NAFLD and is at risk of presenting its consequences on health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Child Health , Overweight , Fatty Liver , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Mexico , Secondary Care , Mass Screening , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Impacts of Polution on Health , Obesity
4.
Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) ; 11(2): 247-55, 2009.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19721997

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Determining antimicrobial indication and frequency of use in hospitalised patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Date and place of work: May 1st to June 30th 2006, Colima, Mexico. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out; it involved 400 patients from both sexes hospitalised in different second level hospital departments. The variables analysed were: age, gender and the department from which each patient was referred. Antibiotics were evaluated according to type, frequency of use, whether use was prophylactic or therapeutic, whether treatment design was monotherapeutic or mixed, the amount of time taken from being admitted to hospital to beginning treatment, the number of days of treatment, the motive for changing or suspending therapeutic design, the number of patients receiving complete design and the number of patients for whom cultures were or were not done. RESULTS: 63% of the patients received antibiotic therapy, antibiotic use being prophylactic in 46 % of them. The General Surgery Department presented statistically significant antibiotic use association (3.9 OR; 1.7-8.9 CI; p<0.01) and the Internal Medicine Department presented a protector factor (0.5 OR, 0.3-0.8 CI, p<0.01). Betalactamic antibiotics were most frequently used (47%). Mean antibacterial treatment lasted 3.8+/-3.3 days and the amount of time taken from hospital admittance to beginning antibiotic treatment was 13.6+/-47.4 hours. Cultures were done for 2.8% of the patients. CONCLUSION: 63% of hospitalised patients received antibiotic therapy. The prophylactic impact of antibiotics on intrahospital infection frequency and characteristics should be evaluated and their cost-benefit calculated.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Hospitalization , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Young Adult
5.
Rev. salud pública ; 11(2): 247-255, mar.-abr. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-523817

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Determinar la frecuencia del uso e indicaciones de antimicrobianos en pacientes hospitalizados. Métodos Fecha y lugar de ejecución: Del 1º de mayo al 30 de junio de 2006. Colima, México. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico. Se incluyeron 400 pacientes de ambos sexos hospitalizados en cualquier servicio de un hospital de segundo nivel. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, género, servicio de procedencia; de los antibióticos se evalúo su frecuencia, tipo de antibiótico, si se utilizó en forma profiláctica o terapéutica, como monoterapia o terapia mixta, tiempo de inicio posterior al ingreso, días de tratamiento, motivo de cambio o suspensión del esquema terapéutico, cuantos tuvieron esquema completo, si hubo o no cultivo. Resultados El 63 por ciento de los pacientes estudiados recibieron antibioticoterapia y en 46 por ciento su uso fue profiláctico. Cirugía general fue el servicio que presentó una asociación estadística significativa para uso de antibióticos (OR 3,9, IC 1,7-8,9; p < 0,01); mientras que el servicio de medicina interna presentó un factor protector (OR 0,5, IC 0,3-0,8, p < 0,01) Los betalactámicos fueron el grupo más frecuentemente utilizado (47 por ciento). El promedio de días de tratamiento antibacteriano fue 3,8 ± 3,3 días y el tiempo desde su ingreso a la aplicación de antibiótico fue de 13,6± 47,4 horas. El 2,8 por ciento de pacientes tenían cultivo. Conclusiones El 63 por ciento de los pacientes hospitalizados recibieron antibioticoterapia. Es necesario evaluar el impacto profiláctico de los antibióticos sobre la frecuencia y características de las infecciones intrahospitalarias y determinar su costo beneficio.


Objective Determining antimicrobial indication and frequency of use in hospitalised patients. Materials and methods Date and place of work: May 1st to June 30th 2006, Colima, Mexico. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out; it involved 400 patients from both sexes hospitalised in different second level hospital departments. The variables analysed were: age, gender and the department from which each patient was referred. Antibiotics were evaluated according to type, frequency of use, whether use was prophylactic or therapeutic, whether treatment design was monotherapeutic or mixed, the amount of time taken from being admitted to hospital to beginning treatment, the number of days of treatment, the motive for changing or suspending therapeutic design, the number of patients receiving complete design and the number of patients for whom cultures were or were not done. Results 63 percent of the patients received antibiotic therapy, antibiotic use being prophylactic in 46 percent of them. The General Surgery Department presented statistically significant antibiotic use association (3.9 OR; 1.7-8.9 CI; p<0.01) and the Internal Medicine Department presented a protector factor (0.5 OR, 0.3-0.8 CI, p<0.01). Betalactamic antibiotics were most frequently used (47 percent). Mean antibacterial treatment lasted 3.8±3.3 days and the amount of time taken from hospital admittance to beginning antibiotic treatment was 13.6±47.4 hours. Cultures were done for 2.8 percent of the patients. Conclusion 63 percent of hospitalised patients received antibiotic therapy. The prophylactic impact of antibiotics on intrahospital infection frequency and characteristics should be evaluated and their cost-benefit calculated.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Hospitalization , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Young Adult
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