[Reliability and validity of the Spanish adaptation of the brief form of the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Now (CCQ-N-10)]. / Fiabilidad y validez de la versión abreviada en español del Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Now (CCQ-N-10).

OBJECTIVE: To assess the metric properties of the abridged, 10-item version of the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Now (CCQ-N-10) in its Spanish adaptation. METHOD: The sample consists of 63 people beginning treatment for cocaine-abuse (n=23) or dependence (n=40) disorders according to DSM-IV criteria. Participants completed an assessment battery that included the extended, 45-item version of the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ-N-45) - in which the CCQ-N-10 is embedded -, the Cocaine Craving Scale (CCS), a Visual Analog Craving Scale (VAS), the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS), and the Clinical Psychiatric Impression (CPI). RESULTS: Cronbach's values for the CCQ-N-10, CCQ-N-45, SDS and CCS scales were 0.95, 0.88, 0.79 and 0.93, respectively, indicating that all instruments show high internal consistency. Test-retest reliability for the CCQ-N-10 was fair (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient=0.59; p<0.001). A factor analysis of the CCQ-N-10 (KMO=0.85) shows a one-factor structure explaining 68.6% of the variance, with factor loadings ranging from 0.64 to 0.92. Confirmatory factor analysis supports the unidimensionality of the scale (CF =0.91; SRMR=0.06). The CCQ-N-10 explains 86.6% of the variance accounted for by the CCQ-N extended version (CCQ-N-45) and shows convergent validity with related measures such as the CCS (r=0.64, p<0.001), VAS (r=0.65, p<0.001), SDS (r=0.53, p<0.001) and CPI (r=0.50, p<0.001). Persons fulfilling criteria for cocaine-dependence disorder, compared to those who present cocaine abuse, show higher CCQ-N-10 scores (F(1;60.6)=7.16, p=0.010). CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish adaptation of the CCQ-N-10 shows metric adequacy, and can be considered as a suitable assessment instrument in relation to cocaineuse disorders.

Fiabilidad y validez de la versión abreviada en español del Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Now (CCQ-N-10) / Reliability and validity of the Spanish adaptation of the brief form of the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Now (CCQ-N-10)

Objetivo: Valorar la calidad métrica de la versión abreviada de 10 ítems del Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Now (CCQ-N-10) en su adaptación al castellano. Métodos: La muestra está constituida por 63 personas que inician tratamiento por abuso (n=23) o dependencia de cocaína (n=40) según criterios DSM-IV. Se administró una batería de instrumentos entre los cuales se hallan la versión extendida de 45 ítems del Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Now (CCQ-N-45) de la que se extrae la versión abreviada, la Cocaine Craving Scale (CCS), una Escala Visual-Analógica del craving percibido (EVA), la Entrevista de Severidad de la Dependencia (SDS) y la Impresión Clínica Psiquiátrica (ICP). Resultados: Todos los instrumentos muestran una alta consistencia interna (alpha de Cronbach para CCQ-N-10=0,95; CCQ-N-45=0,88; SDS=0,79 y CCS=0,93) y un Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase para el test-retest del CCQN-10 de 0,59 (p<0,001). El análisis factorial del CCQ-N-10 (KMO=0,85) muestra unidimensionalidad llegando a explicar el 68,6% de la varianza, con saturaciones entre 0,64 y 0,92. Un análisis factorial confirmatorio ratifica la unidimensionalidad observada (CFI=0,91; SRMR=0,06). El CCQ-N-10 explica un 86,6% de la varianza de la versión extendida (CCQ-N-45) y presenta validez convergente con otros constructos afines (correlación CCQ-CCS r=0,64; CCQ-EVA r=0,65; CCQ-SDSr=0,53; y CCQ-ICP r=0,50). Se observan diferencias en las puntuaciones del CCQN-10 (F(1;60,6)=7,16; p=0,010) cuando es administrado a personas con diagnóstico de abuso (M=2,76) respecto a las personas diagnosticadas de dependencia (M=3,62). Conclusiones: La adaptación española del CCQ-N-10 presenta adecuación métrica y puede considerarse como un instrumento oportuno para su utilización en dependencia de cocaína (AU)

Objective: To assess the metric properties of the abridged, 10-item version of the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Now (CCQ-N-10) in its Spanish adaptation. Method: The sample consists of 63 people beginning treatment for cocaine-abuse (n=23) or dependence (n=40) disorders according to DSM-IV criteria. Participants completed an assessment battery that included the extended, 45-item version of the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ-N-45) –in which the CCQ-N-10 is embedded–, the Cocaine Craving Scale (CCS), a Visual Analog Craving Scale (VAS), the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS), and the Clinical Psychiatric Impression (CPI). Results: Cronbach’s values for the CCQ-N-10, CCQ-N-45, SDS and CCS scales were 0.95, 0.88, 0.79 and 0.93, respectively, indicating that all instruments show high internal consistency. Test-retest reliability for the CCQ-N-10 was fair (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient=0.59; p<0.001). A factor analysis of the CCQ-N-10(KMO=0.85) shows a one-factor structure explaining 68.6% of the variance, with factor loadings ranging from 0.64 to 0.92. Confirmatory factor analysis supports the unidimensionality of the scale (CF =0.91; SRMR=0.06). The CCQ-N-10 explains86.6% of the variance accounted for by the CCQ-N extended version (CCQ-N-45) and shows convergent validity with related measures such as the CCS (r=0.64,p<0.001), VAS (r=0.65, p<0.001), SDS (r=0.53, p<0.001) and CPI (r=0.50, p<0.001). Persons fulfilling criteria for cocaine-dependence disorder, compared to those who present cocaine abuse, show higher CCQ-N-10 scores (F(1;60.6)=7.16, p=0.010). Conclusions: The Spanish adaptation of the CCQ-N-10 shows metric adequacy, and can be considered as a suitable assessment instrument in relation to cocaine use disorders (AU)

Análisis de fiabilidad y estructura factorial de la versión española del TPQ - Cuestionario de Percepción del Tratamiento en Drogodependencias / No disponible

El “Treatment Perceptions Questionnaire (TPQ)” es una escala breve y autoadministrada cuyo propósito es la valoración de la satisfacción de usuarios de drogas respecto al programa de tratamiento en el que son asistidos. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la consistencia interna y la fiabilidad de la versión española de esta escala, así como su validez de constructo. Para ello se ha aplicado el TPQ a 100 usuarios de un Centro de Tratamiento de Drogodependencias. Los resultados, registrados y codificados según los algoritmos originales, fueron sometidos a un análisis factorial de componentes principales resultando tres factores que en conjunto expresaban el 58,6% de la varianza explicada (VE). El primer factor, denominado “disponibilidad y confianza en el equipo”, asumía el 33,4% de VE y presentaba un alpha de Cronbach (α) de 0,62 y un Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase (CCI) de 0,80. El segundo factor, con el 13,9% de VE, hace alusión a la “confianza y satisfacción con el equipo y programa”, y presenta un α = 0,71 y un CCI= 0,85. Por último, el tercer factor, con un una VE del 11,2%, un α = 0,56 y un CCI de 0,81, agrupa ítems que hacen referencia a la “recepción de información y motivación para el tratamiento”. Estos resultados no confirman las dimensiones halladas por los autores del TPQ, planteándose que la satisfacción con el tratamiento ha de ser contemplada y valorada desde un mayor número de áreas implicadas en dicho proceso (AU)

The Treatment Perception Questionnaire’ (TPQ) is a brief, self-administered scale designed to measure drug user satisfaction with the treatment programme they are following. The aim of this work is to analyse the internal consistency and reliability of the Spanish version of the TPQ, as well as the construct validity. A sample group of one hundred heroin users, diagnosed as opium dependents, treated in a Drugs Treatment Centre, was evaluated with TPQ. The results, registered and coded according to the original algorithms, were subjected to a principal components factor analysis (PCFA) with varimax rotation. The PCFA revealed a three factors solution stating 58.6% of the Explained Variance (EV). The first factor, named “readiness and trust in the treatment team”, assumed 33.4% EV and presented a Cronbach coefficient (α) of 0.62 and an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.80. The second factor, with 13.9% of EV, referring to “trust and satisfaction with the treatment team and programme”, presents a α= 0.71 and an ICC= 0.85. Lastly, the third factor, with an 11.2% of EV (α= 0.56 and ICC= 0.81) groups together items which relate to “information reception and motivation for the treatment”. These results do not confirm the scope found by the TPQ authors, indicating that satisfaction with treatment must be addressed and assessed from a wider number of areas involved in such a process (AU)

Nimodipine in opiate detoxification: a controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of L-type calcium channel blockers (CaCB) in out-patient opiate detoxification. DESIGN: Controlled trial with sequential allocation of patients to groups. METHODS: Three groups of individuals subject to opiate detoxification were involved: (1) the experimental group (n=30) received a course of nimodipine and dextropropoxiphen; (2) one control group (n=20) was detoxified with a course of dextropropoxiphen and benzodiazepine; and (3) a second control group (n=30) was treated with a standard course of alpha-2-adrenergic agents and naltrexone. In all cases, the detoxification course was scheduled to last 7 days. RESULTS: All the groups showed a significant opiate withdrawal syndrome (OWS) during detoxification (follow-up effect: Lambda=0.04; F6.52=201.89; P < 0.001), but from the first day the group treated with CaCB manifested fewer symptoms than the control groups (treatment effect: F2.57=97.99; P < 0.001). From the start, the intensity of the OWS was reduced by half in the CaCB group (M=6.67) compared with that manifested by the two other groups (M approximately 13). The clinical impression of the evolution of the detoxification was that it was comfortable and free of complications (significant side-effects were not observed). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study suggest that the use of calcium channel blockers (CaCB) may be an effective method in opiate detoxification. Full randomized trials are warranted.