Job satisfaction in midwives working in labour ward: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

PROBLEM: There is little documented evidence of job satisfaction in midwives who work in birthing rooms. BACKGROUND: Job satisfaction in midwives who work in birthing rooms may have changed in recent decades due to the medicalization of maternal health. AIM: To analyse job satisfaction levels among midwives working in birthing rooms. METHODS: We searched Web of Science, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, CUIDEN and CINAHL for observational and mixed method studies. The literature search was carried out from September to October 2022. FINDINGS: A total of 13 studies were included in the systematic review. A meta-analysis of the variable "midwives' job satisfaction" was performed on 12 of the studies. Midwives rated their job satisfaction positively: DME, CI (95%) = 1.24 [0.78, 1.69]. Subgroup 1: DME, CI (95%) = 2.41 [2.05, 2.76]); Subgroup 2: DME, CI (95%) = 0.76 [0.65, 0.86]; subgroup 3: DME, CI (95%) = 1.11 [0.95, 1.27]; subgroup 4: DME, CI (95%) = 0.10 [-0.11, 0.31]. DISCUSSION: Although midwives show high levels of satisfaction, the heterogeneity of instruments, lack of specificity and limited number of studies found restrict the outcomes. CONCLUSION: There are no specific measurement instruments for assessing job satisfaction among midwives working in labour wards, so it is possible that these data do not correspond to reality as they do not take into account specific professional aspects within this field of practice.

Attitudes and behaviours of mental health professionals in the care of transgender people: A qualitative study.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Mental health professionals' beliefs about transgender individuals vary, often influenced by stereotypes. There's recognition of healthcare needs, but limited knowledge impacts decision-making. Stereotypes persist regarding why transgender individuals seek mental health care. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Professionals' attitudes show both positive support and negative, discriminatory views. Lack of training and knowledge gaps hinder effective care for transgender individuals. Pathologising attitudes exist, associating gender diversity with mental health conditions. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Addressing training gaps is crucial for equitable care for transgender individuals. Challenging stereotypes and beliefs is necessary to reduce stigma and improve understanding. Enhancing knowledge and evidence-based tools will ensure safe and equal healthcare access. ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Transgender people face against significant barriers in accessing mental health services due to, among other reasons, discrimination and a lack of expertise among professionals. AIM: To explore the beliefs and attitudes of professionals in the mental health network of the region of Murcia towards transgender people, focusing on aspects such as knowledge, perceptions, and prejudices about gender identity. METHOD: We carried out a qualitative study involving 14 participants, conducting semi-structured interviews based on prior knowledge of the topic. We asked the professionals about their experiences and challenges in their clinical interaction with transgender users and followed an inductive-deductive process to analyse the data. RESULTS: Two main themes were identified from the interviews, which were sub-categorised into different sub-themes: (a) beliefs about transgender people: underlying factors and origins of gender diversity, health needs, and stereotypes about the demand for health care; (b) attitudes and behaviours of professionals towards transgender people: pathologization and attitudes towards decision-making. DISCUSSION/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Our findings suggest that mental health professionals tend to oversimplify the factors underlying gender diversity and hold certain stereotypical beliefs about these users that oversimplify the complexity of their experiences.

Attitudes of Spanish mental health professionals towards trans people: A cross-sectional study.

WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE SUBJECT?: The trans community perceives barriers to the mental health services in the form of professionals' transphobia, lack of knowledge, and cultural sensitivity in healthcare. The attitudes of health professionals are mediated by their social context, which can determine their behaviour or attitude towards users. WHAT DOES THE ARTICLE ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: The attitudes of mental health professionals towards trans people are related to variables such as the professional's age, gender, political ideology and religious beliefs. Mental health nursing, psychology and social work are the professions that present more favourable attitudes towards trans people. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: The inclusion of a professional perspective that understands sexual and gender diversity among mental health professionals is required. It is necessary to train professionals to promote socio-healthcare based on respect and free from prejudice, discrimination and stigma. ABSTRACT: Introduction The trans community perceives barriers to the mental health services in the form of professionals' transphobia, lack of knowledge and cultural sensitivity in healthcare. Aim Evaluation of the attitudes towards trans people of the professionals who work in the different Spanish mental health services. Method A cross-sectional design was used with a sample of professionals from different professional groups working in mental health units, hospitals and outpatient settings throughout Spain. Results Gender differences were found, with higher values in genderism and sexism among males. Negative attitudes and sexism have also been associated with age and religious beliefs. Mental health nursing, psychology and social work presented more favourable attitudes towards trans people than other mental health professionals. Discussion/Implications for Practice The inclusion of a professional perspective that understands sexual and gender diversity and the acquisition of professional attitudes based on evidence and patient-centred model are basic aspects to promote socio-healthcare based on respect and free from prejudices, discrimination and stigma.

Attitudes and Beliefs of Mental Health Professionals towards Trans People: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

A systematic review was conducted to assess and synthesize recent research on mental health professionals' attitudes towards trans people. The main objectives of our research were (a) to identify, synthesize, and analyze the scientific evidence available so far about the attitudes of mental health professionals towards the trans community, and (b) to determine the factors related to these professionals' attitudes, paying special attention to psychosocial and cultural aspects. A systematic search was carried out in the following electronic databases: Pubmed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Gender Studies Database, and Lilacs. A total of 32 articles of quantitative (n = 19), qualitative (n = 11), and mixed (n = 2) design, published up to March 2023, were included. Most studies used a cross-sectional or qualitative design, limiting the possibility of generalizing the results. The studies reviewed indicated mostly positive attitudes among the professionals, depending on their psychosocial characteristics. In line with the results of our review, we recommend that the training of professionals is important to improve their positive attitudes towards transgender and gender diverse people.

Influence of Laboring People's Mobility and Positional Changes on Birth Outcomes in Low-Dose Epidural Analgesia Labor: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Freedom of movement has been identified as a key issue for pregnant individuals during the birthing process, even if they opt for epidural analgesia, which has relegated people to more static positions during birth for many years. The aims of this systematic review were to evaluate the influence of mobility and positional changes on perinatal and neonatal outcomes in people in labor with epidural analgesia, describe the range of movement interventions used during the first and second stage of labor, and describe the level of motor blockade among people with low-dose epidural analgesia. METHODS: Bibliographic databases (Web of Science, Cochrane, CINAHL) were consulted from December 2020 to January 2021. The articles selected were clinical trials and observational or analytical studies, the subject of which was mobilization during labor in people with epidural analgesia. The outcome measures were mode of birth, duration of labor, and extrauterine adaptation after birth. A narrative synthesis was used to describe the types of movements interventions employed during the stages of labor and the level of motor blockade among people with low-dose epidural analgesia. RESULTS: Ten articles were selected (8 clinical trials, one cross-sectional study, and one quasiexperimental study), with a total sample of 6086 individuals. A meta-analysis showed nonsignificant results between groups for mode of birth (relative risk [RR], 1.00; 95% CI, 0.87-1.14), duration of labor (RR, 1.64; 95% CI, -34.57 to 37.86), and extrauterine adaptation after birth (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.39-1.93). There was heterogeneity among studies in the type of movement interventions used during the first and second stage of labor. DISCUSSION: Although no clear benefit was observed for mobilization in epidural labor, no detrimental effects were found either, so perinatal care providers should encourage mobilization if the laboring person so desires, throughout the entire childbirth process.

Violence in Dating Relationships: Validation of the CADRI Questionnaire in a Young Adult Population.

Dating violence in the young adult population is reaching alarming levels. However, the instruments used to measure it and their results are still heterogeneous. The main aim of this study was to validate the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory questionnaire for a young adult Spanish university population aged between 19 and 25 years old, and to describe the types of violence perpetrated and suffered. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. A validity analysis was carried out through a confirmatory factor analysis. The relative frequencies for each type of violence and the Chi2 test for two dichotomous variables were used to describe the different types of violence perpetrated and suffered. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 976 young adults aged 19-25 years old (M = 21.7 years. SD = 1.8). The confirmatory factor analysis had an adequate structure and a good fit to the model. The types of violence perpetrated and suffered were described according to the sex of the participants, with significant differences found for verbal-emotional violence and physical violence exerted. CONCLUSIONS: The confirmatory factor analysis allowed us to consider the application of the questionnaire to be correct for the study population.

Serum Vitamin D, Folate and Fatty Acid Levels in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Vitamin and fatty acid deficiency in children diagnosed with autism has been linked to the etiology and course of the disease but the results have been inconsistent. In our work, we present a narrative review, which includes 20 observational studies that provide data on the blood levels of vitamin D, folate, or fatty acids of children diagnosed with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder-AG group), and of a control group (children without this disorder-CG group). The main characteristics and results are presented in a summary table. Of the 20 above-mentioned studies, a meta-analysis of vitamin D and folate levels was carried out in 14 of them, with a total of 2269 children (AG = 1159, CG = 1110). Vitamin D levels were lower in AG compared to CG: SMD, 95% CI = - 0.83 [- 1.15, - 0.50]. In terms of folate levels, a total of 299 children (AG = 148, CG = 151) were analyzed, finding no significant differences with the control group: SMD, 95% CI = - 0.16 [- 0.63, 0.32]. Only one study that provided data on fatty acids in children with ASD was included in the review although it was not possible to include it in the meta-analysis. We conclude that the nutritional status (vitamin and fatty acid levels) of patients diagnosed with ASD should be taken into account, as correct adjustment of these levels-may produce an improvement in the course of the disease and could also reduce the risk of its development.

Influence of parental styles and other psychosocial variables on the development of externalizing behaviors in adolescents: a sytematic review / La influencia de los estilos parentales y otras variables psicosociales en el desarrollo de los comportamientos externalizantes en adolescentes: revisión sistemática

The main objective of this systematic review is to synthesize the available evidence on the influence of parental styles and dimensions on the development of adolescents' externalizing behaviors. As a novelty, this review offers an analysis of possible differences in paternal and maternal parenting practices and the role of gender in adolescents will be analyzed. The methodology used consisted of a systematic search of articles in databases (Medline, Cochrane, Academic Search Premier, PsycINFO, ERIC y PsycARTICLES) and their lists of bibliographic references published between 2010 and 2016. Initially, we located 31,169 studies, of which 31,019 were excluded because they were either duplicates or did not meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The remaining articles were again reviewed in full text and were subjected to the assessment of bias risk, of which 17 had an adequate level of methodological quality, and so were included in the systematic review. The results suggest that the parenting style most closely associated with externalizing problems is the authoritarian style. In contrast, the authoritative parental style and the dimensions of affection, communication, and autonomy promotion guarantee positive results. A larger number of studies are deemed necessary to establish firm conclusions about aspects such as differences between parents' parenting style or adolescents' gender

Las últimas investigaciones indican que los estilos parentales influyen en el proceso de socialización de los hijos. El principal objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es sintetizar la evidencia disponible sobre la influencia de los estilos y las dimensiones parentales en el desarrollo de conductas externalizantes en adolescentes. Como novedad, esta revisión ofrece un análisis sobre las posibles diferencias de las prácticas de crianza paterna y materna y el rol del género en los adolescentes. La metodología utilizada consistió en una búsqueda sistemática de artículos en bases de datos (Medline, Cochrane, Academic Search Premier, PsycINFO, ERIC y PsycARTICLES) y de sus listas de referencias publicadas entre 2010 y 2016 acorde con las últimas revisiones sobre este tema. Inicialmente fueron localizados 31,169 estudios, de los que se excluyeron 31,019 por encontrarse duplicados o no cumplir los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos previamente. Los 150 artículos restantes se revisaron de nuevo a texto completo, excluyéndose 79 estudios por no responder a los objetivos del estudio. Finalmente, 71 estudios se sometieron a evaluación de riesgo de sesgo, de los cuales 17 presentaron un adecuado nivel de calidad metodológica, por lo que fueron incluidos en la revisión sistemática. Los resultados sugieren que el estilo parental que más se relaciona con problemas de conducta externalizante es el estilo autoritario, reforzado por la utilización de prácticas coercitivas, el castigo físico o la imposición. En contraposición, el estilo parental fidedigno y las dimensiones de afecto, comunicación y fomento de la autonomía garantizan resultados positivos. Otros aspectos como el control parental y las prácticas indulgentes o negligentes ofrecen resultados contradictorios que es necesario matizar. Se considera necesario un mayor número de investigaciones para establecer conclusiones firmes sobre aspectos como las diferencias entre las prácticas de crianza de madres/padres o el género de los adolescentes

User violence in mental health services: Adaptation of an instrument. Healthcare-workers' Aggressive Behavior Scale-Users-Mental Health Version (HABS-U-MH).

BACKGROUND/OBJETIVE: According to the World Health Organization, one out of every four violent workplace acts takes place in the health setting. The aims of the study are to adapt the Healthcare-workers' Aggressive Behavior Scale-Users (HABS-U) to mental health professionals, to establish the frequency of exposure to hostile indicators and to determine which professional group is most exposed. METHOD: Study through qualitative and quantitative methodology in MH professionals of the Region of Murcia (Spain). In the qualitative phase, 12 in-depth interviews were conducted, and during the quantitative phase, the instrument was applied to 359 professionals of Mental Health Services (MHS). RESULTS: Non-medical and nursing staff were found to be the professional group most exposed, as well as Brief Psychiatric Inpatient and Medium-Stay Inpatient Services. CONCLUSION: The resulting scale shows excellent psychometric properties. The distribution of user violence is not homogeneous among the different professional groups of MHS. The adaptation of the scale may be useful to detect user violence, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of intervention programs.

User violence and psychological well-being in primary health-care professionals / La violencia de los usuarios y el bienestar psicológico en los profesionales de atención primaria de salud

It is estimated that one fourth of workplace violent incidents occur in the health sector. The aims of the present investigation are: a) to identify sociodemographic and work variables related to exposure to user violence in primary care professionals and b) to analyze the impact of exposure to user violence on professionals’ psychological well-being, job satisfaction, and empathy. An empirical study with quantitative, descriptive, and transversal methodology was carried out with a sample of 574 professionals from 39 primary-care centers. The study revealed that variables of gender, professional tenure, continued training, and professional status are significantly associated with exposure to user violence. Likewise, the results show that depending on professional status exposure to user violence, job satisfaction and professionals’ empathy have an impact on primary health-care workers’ General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) scores. In conclusion, exposure to non-physical user violence in primary-care professionals is associated with some sociodemographic and work characteristics

Se estima que una cuarta parte de los incidentes violentos laborales se producen en el ámbito sanitario. Los objetivos de la presente investigación son: a) identificar las variables sociodemográficas y laborales relacionadas con la exposición a la violencia de los usuarios en profesionales de atención primaria y b) analizar el impacto sobre el bienestar psicológico de los profesionales de la exposición a la violencia de los usuarios, la satisfacción laboral y la empatía. Se llevó a cabo un estudio empírico con metodología cuantitativa, descriptivo y transversal, con una muestra de 574 profesionales de 39 centros de atención primaria. Se observa que las variables de género, antigüedad en la profesión, formación continuada y categoría profesional se encuentran asociadas significativamente a la exposición a la violencia de los usuarios. Del mismo modo, se identifica que la exposición a las conductas violentas de los usuarios, la satisfacción laboral y la empatía de los profesionales influyen, dependiendo de la categoría profesional, en las puntuaciones de GHQ total de los trabajadores de atención primaria. En conclusión, la exposición a la violencia no física de los usuarios en los profesionales de atención primaria se asocia con ciertas características sociodemográficas y laborales

User violence towards nursing professionals in mental health services and emergency units / Violencia de los usuarios hacia los profesionales de salud mental y urgencias

Workplace violence is present in many work sectors, but in the area of mental health, nurses have a higher risk due to the close relationship they have with users. This study analyzed hostile user statements against nursing professionals of Mental Health Services and Emergency Units in Health Service (MHS) hospitals in Murcia, Spain, and determined the frequency of exposure to the different violent user behaviors. The study was carried out with a sample of 518 nursing professionals from four hospital services: Mental Health, Emergency Units, Medical Hospitalization, and Maternal-and-Child. The nursing staff of Mental Health and Emergency Units was the most exposed to violence. Non-physical violence was more frequent in Emergency Units, whereas physical violence was more frequent in Mental Health. Among the consequences of exposure to non-physical violence are workers’ emotional exhaustion and the presence of psychological distress (AU)

La violencia en el trabajo está presente en muchos sectores laborales, pero en el ámbito de la salud mental los profesionales tienen un mayor riesgo por la estrecha relación que mantienen con los usuarios. El presente estudio analizó las manifestaciones hostiles de los usuarios hacia los profesionales de enfermería de Salud Mental y Urgencias de los hospitales del Servicio Murciano de Salud (SMS) en España y determinó la frecuencia de exposición a las distintas conductas violentas. Se llevó a cabo con una muestra de 518 profesionales de enfermería de cuatro servicios hospitalarios: Salud Mental, Urgencias, Hospitalización Médica y Materno-Infantil. El personal de enfermería más expuesto a la violencia fue el de Salud Mental y Urgencias. La violencia no física fue más frecuente en Urgencias y la física en Salud Mental. Entre las consecuencias de la exposición a la violencia no física se hallan el agotamiento emocional de los trabajadores y la presencia de malestar psicológico (AU)

Actitudes hacia la violencia, impulsividad, estilos parentales y conducta externalizada en adolescentes: comparación entre una muestra de población general y una muestra clínica / Attitudes towards violence, impulsivity, parenting styles and externalized behavior in adolescents: comparison between a general and a clinical samples

Los Trastornos de Conducta Externalizantes (TCE) constituyen uno de los problemas de salud mental más comunes entre los adolescentes, y repercuten gravemente en el ámbito familiar, escolar y social. La finalidad de este estudio fue comparar adolescentes de población general sin diagnóstico de TCE con adolescentes de una muestra clínica en una serie de variables identificadas como predictoras de la de la conducta externalizada. El estudio incluyó a adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre 12-15 años de la Región de Murcia. Se empleó un diseño selectivo descriptivo y analítico, así como comparativo transversal en una muestra de 327 adolescentes, que se distribuyeron de la siguiente manera: (a) Grupo Clínico (GC), integrado por 59 participantes, y (b) Grupo General (GG), formado por 268 adolescentes. Los resultados de este estudio indican que la conducta externalizada está relacionada principalmente con la impulsividad, aunque modulada por factores relacionados con la socialización familiar y cultural del adolescente. Asimismo, los adolescentes de la muestra clínica describen los estilos parentales que reciben como más autoritarios y menos inductivos que los adolescentes de población general

Externalizing Behavior Disorders are one of the most common mental health problems among adolescents, and they have a severe impact on family, school, and social settings. The purpose of this study was to compare adolescents from the general population without an externalizing behavior diagnosis with adolescents from a clinical sample in a series of variables identified as predictors of externalizing behavior. The study included adolescents aged between 12-15 years from the Region of Murcia. A cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical design was used with a sample of 327 adolescents, who were distributed as follows: (a) Clinical Group, made up of 59 participants, and (b) General Group, made up of 268 adolescents. The results of this study indicate that externalizing behavior is mainly related to Impulsivity, although modulated by factors related to the adolescent's family and cultural socialization. The adolescents of the clinical sample described the parental styles they received as more authoritarian and less inductive than those of the adolescents from the general population

Vertical and lateral workplace bullying in nursing: development of the hospital aggressive behaviour scale.

Healthcare staff is one of the professional groups that suffers the highest exposure to sources of occupational stress such as hostility from coworkers and superiors. In order to contribute to the assessment of bullying behaviors in the healthcare sector and to obtain a brief and manageable instrument for the assessment of this psychosocial risk, we developed the Hospital Aggressive Behaviour Scale-version Co-workers-Superiors (HABS-CS). By means of thorough qualitative analysis, an initial pool of 166 items was obtained, which were reviewed according to precise criteria until concluding with a total of 57 items, which were administered to a sample of 1,484 healthcare professionals from 11 public hospitals. The analyses concluded with the selection of 17 items distributed in two subscales. The internal 5-factor structure is the result of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis conducted in two samples. Both the resulting questionnaire and the factors identified present adequate psychometric properties: high-internal consistency (Cronbach's α of .86) and adequate criterion validity, analyzed by means of significant correlations between the HABS-CS and job satisfaction, burnout components, and psychological well-being. This instrument may be of great utility for the assessment and prevention of psychosocial risks.