ABSTRACT
Arthroscopic anatomic lateral ligament reconstruction of the ankle joint has proven to be a safe option in the treatment of chronic ankle instability (CAI), with good functional results as well as allowing simultaneous management of associated lesions. We described an arthroscopic technique for anatomic reconstruction of the anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament using only 2 arthroscopic portals. This surgical technique to treat CAI is technically less demanding than other described techniques that use 3 or 4 arthroscopic portals. Moreover, as an anatomic technique, it has the advantage of preserving the biomechanics and kinematics of the ankle joint.
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the effectiveness of the different insulin therapies on obstetrics-fetal outcomes in women with pregestational diabetes mellitus. We enrolled 147 pregnant women with pre-existing type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical and biochemical parameters were analysed in relation to obstetric and fetal outcomes. 14.2% received treatment with Neutral Protamine Hagedorn insulin and short-acting insulin analogues; 19% with premixed human insulin; 40.1% with insulin glargine and lispro, 6.2% with detemir and aspart and 20% with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. All 5 types of treatment achieved a reduction of the mean HbA1c during pregnancy (p = 0.01). Pre-pregnancy care was carried out for 48% of patients. We found no statistically significant differences between the different insulin therapies and the obstetric-fetal outcomes. In conclusión, the different insulin therapies used in patients with pregestational diabetes mellitus does not seem to affect obstetric-fetal outcomes.
