Sperm concentrations do not correlate with semen parameters and hormone profiles in males recovered from COVID-19.

Background: Although the negative impact on fertility of men recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been suggested, there is insufficient evidence, and the data are limited and contradictory. The present prospective study aimed to evaluate the sex-related hormones, semen parameters, erectile dysfunction (ED), and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in a cohort of men who recovered from COVID-19 and age-matched control men. Methods: Semen samples were collected from twenty-two men recovered from COVID-19 with a median time of 91.5 days and thirty-six control males. The semen parameters were evaluated according to the World Health Organization (WHO) laboratory manual to examine and process human semen. The blood samples were collected to assess the male hormone profile. ED and LUTS were evaluated with the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5) and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), respectively. Results: The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (3.819±1.515 IU/L), luteinizing hormone (LH) (4.023±1.792 IU/L), prolactin (PRL) [12.60 (10.72-15.20) ng/mL], and testosterone (T) [4.345 (3.565-5.525) ng/mL] levels were at normal range in all males enrolled in the study. Levels of semen volume (control: 2.5 mL vs. COVID-19: 1.9 mL; P<0.05) and sperm concentration (control: 59×106/mL vs. COVID-19: 41.5×106/mL; P<0.005) were significantly lower in males recovered from COVID-19, but still technically well within normal regardless of WHO edition. All variables were examined through logistic regression analysis, demonstrating that only sperm concentration was an independent variable associated with men recovered from COVID-19 [odds ratio (OR) =1; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.999-1.098; P=0.016]. According to correlation analysis, there was no correlation between sperm concentration and other semen parameters and sex-related hormone profiles. Furthermore, an absence of ED and LUTS in men who recovered from COVID-19 was evidenced using the IIEF-5 and IPSS, respectively. Conclusions: Reproductive-age males recovered from COVID-19 have normal sperm concentration. Sperm concentration did not correlate with other semen parameters, sex-related hormones, IIEF-5, and IPSS. Further studies should be performed to evaluate whether the lower sperm concentration and semen volume that were still within the normal range are a transient or prolonged downregulation resulting from the COVID-19 attack.

[Experience in kidney transplantation without blood transfusion: kidney transplantation transfusion-free in Jehovah's Witnesses. First communication in Mexico]. / Experiencia en trasplante renal sin transfusión sanguínea en Testigos de Jehová, Primera comunicación en México.

BACKGROUND: Jehovah's Witness refuse blood transfusion, but they accept organ transplantation, albumin, immunoglobulin, vaccines and clotting factors. CLINICAL CASES: We present 3 kidney transplants in Jehovah's Witness patients (two male and one female) without blood transfusion, with a mean age of 31.33 years and a mean body mass index of 20.99 kg/m(2). All patients underwent pretransplant peritoneal dialysis for an average of 52.3 months. Two transplants came from living donors and one from a deceased donor with a cold ischemia of 23 hours. The donors were two females and one male, with a mean age of 34.33 years. All patients received pretransplant erythropoietin and iron dextran and an intraoperative cell saver was used. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells and serum creatinine levels, as well as the glomerular filtration at 24 months postransplant were stable. All patients received induction with basiliximab and initial immunosuppression with calcineurin inhibitors. One of the patients had a perirenal hematoma as a complication, which required a surgery 20 days post-transplant. At 5, 26 and 36 months postransplant the three patients are alive and with functional grafts. CONCLUSION: It is possible to perform kidney transplantation without transfusion in Jehovah's Witness, obtaining an acceptable global survival without acute rejection.

Antecedentes: los Testigos de Jehová rechazan la transfusión sanguínea, pero aceptan el trasplante de órganos, albúmina, inmunoglobulina, vacunas y factores de coagulación. Casos clínicos: comunicamos tres casos de pacientes (dos masculinos y uno femenino) a quienes se realizó trasplante renal en Testigos de Jehová sin transfusión sanguínea, con edad promedio de 31.33 años e índice de masa corporal promedio de 20.99 kg/m2. Los tres pacientes recibieron diálisis peritoneal pre trasplante por un promedio de 52.3 meses. Se realizaron dos trasplantes de donante vivo y uno de fallecido, con isquemia fría de 23 horas. Los donantes fueron dos femeninos y uno masculino, con edad promedio de 34.33 años. Los tres pacientes recibieron eritropoyetina y hierro dextrán pretrasplante y en el transoperatorio se utilizó una máquina de recuperación celular. Las concentraciones de hemoglobina, hematócrito, glóbulos rojos, creatinina sérica y filtración glomerular a 24 meses postrasplante permanecieron estables. La inducción se realizó con basiliximab y la inmunosupresión inicial con inhibidores de calcineurina. Uno de los pacientes tuvo como complicación un hematoma perirrenal que ameritó reintervención a los 20 días postrasplante. A 5, 26 y 36 meses postrasplante los tres pacientes están vivos y con injerto funcional. Conclusión: es posible realizar trasplantes renales sin transfusión sanguínea en Testigos de Jehová, con supervivencia global aceptable y sin episodios de rechazo agudo.

[Urological complications following kidney transplantation using Lich-Gregoir technique: A 4-year experience in Mexico]. / Complicaciones urológicas postrasplante renal con técnica de Lich-Gregoir. Experiencia de cuatro años.

OBJECTIVE: We present a retrospective review of urological complications following kidney transplantation in two medical centers in the Mexican state of Veracruz using Lich-Gregoir extravesical ureteroneocystostomy during a 4-year period. METHODS: Records from 242 patients from January 2003 to November 2007 were reviewed. Standard technique for organ procurement, open nephrectomy and kidney transplant was performed. EVU was used in all patients. Urological complications and management are reported. RESULTS: There were 19 complications recorded in 18 patients (7.8%). Sixteen kidneys were obtained from living donors. Urinary leak was the most common complication (4.5%) followed by ureteral stenosis (1.6%), vesicoureteral reflux (1.2%) and ureteral necrosis (0.4%) Most patients were treated with Foley catheter (42%), Boary flap (26%) and nephrostomy (15%); 1.23% grafts were lost associated with urological complications. CONCLUSIONS: Renal transplantation should incur few urological complications. Attention to technical details should be paid to avoid major complications. Early evaluation to correct complications reduces sepsis, morbidity and the risk of losing graft function.

Complicaciones urológicas postrasplante renal con técnica de Lich-Gregoir: experiencia de cuatro años / Urological complications following kidney transplantation using Lich-Gregoir technique: a 4-year experience in Mexico

Objetivo: Revisión de las complicaciones urológicas posteriores al trasplante renal en dos centros hospitalarios utilizando la técnica de ureteroneocistostomía extravesical de Lich-Gregoir en un periodo de cuatro años. Material y métodos: Se revisaron los expedientes de 242 pacientes en quienes se llevó a cabo trasplante renal de enero de 2003 a noviembre de 2007. En todos los pacientes se realizó ureteroneocistostomía extravesical. Se informaron todas las complicaciones urológicas y su manejo. Resultados: Se registraron 19 complicaciones en 18 pacientes, con una incidencia de 7.8 %; 16 riñones se obtuvieron de donadores vivos. Las complicaciones más comunes fueron fuga de orina (4.5 %), estenosis urinaria (1.6 %), reflujo vesicoureteral (1.2 %) y necrosis ureteral (0.4 %). La mayoría de los pacientes fueron tratados con sonda de Foley (42 %), colgajo de Boary (26 %) y nefrostomía (15 %). La pérdida del injerto renal se asoció a complicaciones urológicas en 1.23 % Conclusiones: El trasplante renal debe incurrir en pocas complicaciones urológicas, por lo que debe cuidarse los detalles técnicos. La evaluación temprana para corregir las complicaciones reduce la sepsis, morbilidad y el riesgo de pérdida del injerto.

OBJECTIVE: We present a retrospective review of urological complications following kidney transplantation in two medical centers in the Mexican state of Veracruz using Lich-Gregoir extravesical ureteroneocystostomy during a 4-year period. METHODS: Records from 242 patients from January 2003 to November 2007 were reviewed. Standard technique for organ procurement, open nephrectomy and kidney transplant was performed. EVU was used in all patients. Urological complications and management are reported. RESULTS: There were 19 complications recorded in 18 patients (7.8%). Sixteen kidneys were obtained from living donors. Urinary leak was the most common complication (4.5%) followed by ureteral stenosis (1.6%), vesicoureteral reflux (1.2%) and ureteral necrosis (0.4%) Most patients were treated with Foley catheter (42%), Boary flap (26%) and nephrostomy (15%); 1.23% grafts were lost associated with urological complications. CONCLUSIONS: Renal transplantation should incur few urological complications. Attention to technical details should be paid to avoid major complications. Early evaluation to correct complications reduces sepsis, morbidity and the risk of losing graft function.

Lesión ureteral yatrógena por cirugía ginecológica y obstétrica: Experiencia de 10 años en el Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza" / Iatrogenic ureteral lesion by gynecologic and obstetric surgery: experience of 10 years in the Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional \"La Raza\"

La lesión quirúrgica del uréter es un importante problema que confrontan el urólogo y el ginecólogo. Los autores comunican su experiencia durante 10 años (junio de 1986 a junio de 1996) con los casos de 93 pacientes que experimentaron lesiones de uréter por cirugía ginecoobstétrica. Se encontraron un total de 108 lesiones de uréter: 46 por ciento de uréter izquierdo, 31.1 por ciento de uréter derecho y 16.1 por ciento bilaterales. Estas lesiones se advirtieron durante el procedimiento sólo en 13 por ciento de los casos con reparación inmediata. En la proporción restante de 86 por ciento la lñesión de diagnósticó en el periodo posoperatorio inmediato, y en un pequeño poercentaje se diagnosticó en forma tardía (3.2 por ciento). Los estudios realizados fueron urografía excretora, ultrasonido renal y pielografía escendente. Una vez establecido el diagnóstico, la reparación del uréter se realizó de inmediato, y el procedimiento de reparación que se utilizó en la mayoría de los casos fue la reimplantación ureteral