[Study of tear function and the conjunctival surface in diabetic patients]. / Estudio de la función lagrimal y la superficie conjuntival en pacientes diabéticos.

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate whether different grades of diabetic retinopathy correlate with tear and ocular surface function in diabetic patients without subjective symptoms of dry eye. METHODS: A total of 129 eyes of 72 patients without dry eye, assessed using McMonnies questionnaire were recruited to the study. The tear film and ocular surface were evaluated using the Schirmer test, tear film break-up time (BUT), fluorescein and lissamine green staining test, and conjunctival impression cytology. The results were analysed. RESULTS: A normal Schirmer test and BUT was obtained in 51 and 67% of the eyes of diabetics patients, respectively. Fluorescein and lissamine green staining were negative in 81 and 95% of the eyes. The area and density of goblet cells was 580.46 ± 370 µm(2) and 235.58 ± 109.03 goblets cell/mm(2), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic retinopathy patients without subjective symptoms of dry eye and normal Schirmer and BUT test showed pathological grades of squamous metaplasia.

Estudio de la función lagrimal y la superficie conjuntival en pacientes diabéticos / Study of tear function and the conjunctival surface in diabetic patients

Objetivos: Analizar la relación entre la función lagrimal y la superficie conjuntival con losdiferentes grados de retinopatía en pacientes diabéticos sin sintomatología subjetiva de ojoseco.Métodos: Se estudiaron 129 ojos de 72 pacientes sin sintomatología subjetiva de ojo secosegún el cuestionario de Mc Monnies. La secreción lagrimal y la superficie ocular fueron evaluadasmediante la prueba de Schirmer, la prueba de tiempo de rotura de la película lagrimal(BUT), los grados de tinción con fluoresceína y verde lisamina, y la citología conjuntival deimpresión. Se analizaron los resultados obtenidos.Resultados: El 51 y el 67% de los ojos de pacientes diabéticos mostraron un test de Schirmery BUT dentro de la normalidad. La tinción con fluoresceína y verde lisamina fue negativarespectivamente en el 81 y el 95% de los ojos. Los valores de área y densidad media de célulascaliciformes fueron 580,46±370 m2 y 235,58±109,03 cél. caliciformes/mm2.Conclusión: Los pacientes con retinopatía diabética sin sintomatología subjetiva de ojo seco,aun cursando con la prueba de Schirmer y BUT normal, pueden presentar grados patológicosde metaplasia escamosa(AU)

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate whether different grades of diabeticretinopathy correlate with tear and ocular surface function in diabetic patients withoutsubjective symptoms of dry eye.Methods: A total of 129 eyes of 72 patients without dry eye, assessed using McMonnies questionnairewere recruited to the study. The tear film and ocular surface were evaluated usingthe Schirmer test, tear film break-up time (BUT), fluorescein and lissamine green stainingtest, and conjunctival impression cytology. The results were analysed.Results: A normal Schirmer test and BUT was obtained in 51 and 67% of the eyes of diabeticspatients, respectively. Fluorescein and lissamine green stainingwere negative in 81 and 95%of the eyes. The area and density of goblet cells was 580.46±370 m2 and 235.58±109.03goblets cell/mm2, respectively.Conclusions: Diabetic retinopathy patients without subjective symptoms of dry eye and normalSchirmer and BUT test showed pathological grades of squamous metaplasia(AU)

[Relationship between central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure and severity of glaucomatous visual field loss]. / Correlación entre grosor corneal central, presión intraocular y afectación glaucomatosa del campo visual.

OBJECTIVE: to determine central corneal thickness in normal subjects, glaucomatous patients and ocular hypertension patients, to evaluate if the central corneal thickness is related to the presence of glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Furthermore, we aim to verify the relationship between central corneal thickness and severity of glaucomatous visual field loss. METHODS: comparative study including 150 eyes of 150 subjects, separated into three groups: normal (47 eyes), ocular hypertension (35) and glaucomatous (68). This last group was subdividided in three subgroups depending on the Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson criteria for scoring Humphrey visual field defects (initial, moderate and advanced). We evaluated the visual field, the central corneal thickness measured by pachymetry and the intraocular pressure measured by Goldmann tonometry. Results were analysed using the Student's t-test for normally distributed independent samples. RESULTS: the central corneal thickness was 526+/-25 microns (mean +/-standard deviation (SD)) in glaucomatous patients, 560+/-27 microns in ocular hypertension patients, and 556+/-27 microns in the normal group. Statistical significance could be found between the glaucomatous group of patients and the other groups (p< 0.01), but not between the ocular hypertension group and normal subjects (p= 0.4). The comparison between central corneal thickness of the subgroup with advanced damage of the visual field and the two other subgroups was also statistically significant (p< 0.01), but not between the subgroups of initial damage and moderate damage (p= 0.7). CONCLUSIONS: the central corneal thickness in glaucomatous patients is lower than in normal subjects and in ocular hypertension patients. Patients classified as having advanced damage in their visual field have significantly lower central corneal thickness measurements than patients classified as having initial or moderate damage.

Correlación entre grosor corneal central, presión intraocular y afectación glaucomatosa del campo visual / Relationship between central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure and severity of glaucomatous visual field loss

Objetivo: Determinar el grosor corneal central(GCC) en sujetos normales, pacientes glaucomatosose hipertensos oculares, valorando si el GCC estáasociado con la presencia de glaucoma o de hipertensiónocular. Por otra parte, comprobar la correlaciónentre el GCC y el estadio de afectación delcampo visual (CV).Método: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles,con 150 ojos de 150 pacientes, divididos en tresgrupos: normales (47 ojos), hipertensos oculares(35) y glaucomatosos (68). A su vez, se establecierontres subgrupos dentro de los sujetos glaucomatosos,dependiendo de la afectación del CV según laclasificación de Hodapp de defectos del campovisual (inicial, moderada y avanzada). Se valoró lacampimetría, la medida del GCC mediante paquimetríaultrasónica y de la PIO con tonómetro deaplanación de Goldmman (TAG). Se aplicó el testde hipótesis t-Student para muestras independientesque siguen una distribución normal.Resultados: La media del GCC en los pacientesglaucomatosos era 526 micras Desviación Estándar (DE) 25, 560 DE 27 en hipertensos oculares y 556DE 27 en los sujetos normales, con diferencias significativasentre el grupo de pacientes glaucomatososy los otros dos (p< 0,01), pero no entre el grupode hipertensos oculares y el de sujetos normales(p= 0,45). En los sujetos glaucomatosos, se encontrarondiferencias con significación estadística entreel GCC del subgrupo con afectación avanzada delCV y los de afectación inicial y moderada(p< 0,01), pero no entre estos dos últimos (p= 0,7).Conclusiones: El GCC en pacientes glaucomatososes menor que en los sujetos controles e hipertensosoculares. Los pacientes glaucomatosos con pérdidade CV avanzada cursan con córneas más delgadasque aquéllos con alteración campimétrica inicial o moderada(AU)

Objective: to determine central corneal thickness innormal subjects, glaucomatous patients and ocularhypertension patients, to evaluate if the central cornealthickness is related to the presence of glaucomaor ocular hypertension. Furthermore, we aim toverify the relationship between central corneal thicknessand severity of glaucomatous visual field loss.Methods: comparative study including 150 eyes of150 subjects, separated into three groups: normal(47 eyes), ocular hypertension (35) and glaucomatous(68). This last group was subdividided in threesubgroups depending on the Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson criteria for scoring Humphrey visual fielddefects (initial, moderate and advanced). We evaluatedthe visual field, the central corneal thicknessmeasured by pachymetry and the intraocular pressuremeasured by Goldmann tonometry. Resultswere analysed using the Student’s t-test for normallydistributed independent samples.Results: the central corneal thickness was 526±25microns (mean ±standard deviation (SD)) in glaucomatouspatients, 560±27 microns in ocular hypertension patients, and 556±27 microns in thenormal group. Statistical significance could befound between the glaucomatous group of patientsand the other groups (p< 0.01), but not between theocular hypertension group and normal subjects (p=0.4). The comparison between central cornealthickness of the subgroup with advanced damage ofthe visual field and the two other subgroups wasalso statistically significant (p< 0.01), but not betweenthe subgroups of initial damage and moderatedamage (p= 0.7).Conclusions: the central corneal thickness in glaucomatouspatients is lower than in normal subjectsand in ocular hypertension patients. Patients classifiedas having advanced damage in their visual fieldhave significantly lower central corneal thicknessmeasurements than patients classified as havinginitial or moderate damage(AU)