Effects of Strength Training on Body Fat in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Childhood overweight and obesity represent a growing public health problem worldwide. Since the 1980s, the global prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence has increased by 47%. The promotion of exercise is an important intervention to reduce the physical damage of obesity. The meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the general guidelines for the reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). The PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases were searched from August to December 2021. The search yielded 722 titles published between 2000 and 2021. After screening the titles and abstracts, 64 duplicate articles were detected, and 27 articles were ultimately included in the systematic review, including 26 articles published in English and one published in Spanish. There was a statistically significant effect of the strength training interventions on the percentage of body fat, Test of 0 i = (p = 0.00, z = 6.92), Test of 0 = (p = 0.00, Q (9) = 42.63). The findings reveal that strength training has a positive impact on the treatment of body fat in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity.

Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Dysregulation of Gene Expression and Lipid Metabolism in HIV+ Patients: Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Phytochemicals.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has continued to be the subject of study since its discovery nearly 40 years ago. Significant advances in research and intake of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have slowed the progression and appearance of the disease symptoms and the incidence of concomitant diseases, which are the leading cause of death in HIV+ persons. However, the prolongation of ART is closely related to chronic degenerative diseases and pathologies caused by oxidative stress (OS) and alterations in lipid metabolism (increased cholesterol levels), both of which are conditions of ART. Therefore, recent research focuses on using natural therapies to diminish the effects of ART and HIV infection: regulating lipid metabolism and reducing OS status. The present review summarizes current information on OS and cholesterol metabolism in HIV+ persons and how the consumption of certain phytochemicals can modulate these. For this purpose, MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases were consulted to identify publications investigating HIV disease and natural therapies and their associated effects.

Role of Bioactive Compounds in Obesity: Metabolic Mechanism Focused on Inflammation.

Obesity is a disease characterized by an inflammatory process in the adipose tissue due to diverse infiltrated immune cells, an increased secretion of proinflammatory molecules, and a decreased secretion of anti-inflammatory molecules. On the other hand, obesity increases the risk of several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Their treatment is based on nutritional and pharmacological strategies. However, natural products are currently implemented as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Polyphenols and fiber are naturally compounds with potential action to reduce inflammation through several pathways and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of obesity, as well as in other non-communicable diseases. Hence, this review focuses on the recent evidence of the molecular mechanisms of polyphenols and dietary fiber, from Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed, among others, by using key words and based on recent in vitro and in vivo studies.

Percepción del adulto joven sobre la sexualidad del adulto mayor / Young adult's perception of the sexuality of the older adult

El término sexualidad hace referencia al grupo de convenciones, roles y conductas asociadas a la cultura y que suponen expresiones del deseo sexual, emociones disímiles, relación de poder, mediadas por el sistema de creencias, valores, actitudes, sentimientos y otros puntos referentes a la postura en la sociedad, por ejemplo la raza, grupo étnico y condición social(1). La percepción de las personas sobre la sexualidad del adulto mayor, ha creado un efecto de tipo emocional y conductual gracias a mitos, prejuicios, ideologías y actitudes que pueden ocasionar un inadecuado ejercicio de la sexualidad en dicha edad. Objetivo: Este trabajo fue determinar el nivel de prejuicio de adultos jóvenes de 18 a 35 años, respecto a la sexualidad durante la vejez. Material y Métodos: Se utilizó un diseño transversal-descriptivo, ya que la investigación se realizó en un período de tiempo específico y las variables no fueron modificadas, sino observadas. Se aplicó un muestreo no probabilístico por disposición de 100 adultos jóvenes de 18 a 35 años de edad en el estado de Hidalgo, México. El instrumento utilizado fue el ‘’Cuestionario de actitudes hacia la sexualidad en la vejez (CASV2020)’’, aplicado de manera presencial y con una duración de entre 5 a 10 minutos por participante. El cuestionario categorizaba en estereotipos las variables. Se obtuvo el consentimiento informado de los participantes. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados en un paquete estadístico SPSS V.21, calculándose medidas de frecuencia y tendencia central. Resultados: La población estudiada consistió en un 28% al género masculino y un 72% al género femenino, al categorizar los datos obtenidos, se logró obtener que 6 ítems se encontraron en un nivel bajo de estereotipo, mientras que 4 ítems correspondieron a un nivel medio y 3 ítems a un nivel muy alto de estereotipo...(AU)

The term sexuality refers to the group of conventions, roles and behaviors associated with culture and that involve expressions of sexual desire, dissimilar emotions, power relationship, mediated by the belief system, values, attitudes, feelings and other points of reference. to position in society, such as race, ethnic group and social status(1). The perception of people about the sexuality of the elderly has created an emotional and behavioral effect thanks to myths, prejudices, ideologies and attitudes that can cause an inappropriate exercise of sexuality at that age. Objective: This work was to determine the level of prejudice of young adults between 18 and 35 years old, regarding sexuality during old age. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional-descriptive design was used, since the research was carried out in a specific period of time and the variables were not modified, but observed. A non-probability sampling was applied by disposition of 100 young adults between 18 and 35 years of age in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. The instrument used was the '' Questionnaire of attitudes towards sexuality in old age (CASV2020)'', applied in person and with a duration of between 5 to 10 minutes per participant. The questionnaire categorized the variables into stereotypes. Informed consent was obtained from the participants. The data obtained were analyzed in a statistical package SPSS V.21, calculating measures of frequency and central tendency. Results: The studied population consisted of 28% male and 72% female, when categorizing the data obtained, it was possible to obtain that 6 items were found at a low level of stereotype, while 4 items corresponded to a level medium and 3 items at a very high level of stereotype. Conclusion: When questioning about the sexuality of the elderly, the participants answered in the central values, that is, neutral, which means that the sample studied presented a low level of prejudice towards the sexuality of the elderly.(AU)

Impacto del nivel de ansiedad en pacientes pediátricos, que presentan trastornos en el neurodesarrollo / Impact of anxiety level in pediatric patients, who have neurodevelopmental disorders

El desarrollo infantil debe ser monitoreado regularmente, para la detección temprana de señales de alarma que indiquen alteraciones en su evolución normal. Esta investigación se deriva de la participación de pacientes pediátricos con trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Objetivo: Evaluar la ansiedad en pacientes pediátricos que padecen trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Material y Métodos: El diseño metodológico es no experimental, descriptiva, y transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 150 pacientes pediátricos de un centro de rehabilitación del estado de Hidalgo, México, con un diagnóstico de trastorno del neurodesarrollo con un rango de edad de 4-17 años. Se aplicó una Escala de Ansiedad de Spence (38 ítems) que se dividía en 6 subescalas. La aplicación comprendió un periodo de 30 días. Resultados: De los 150 participantes, correspondencia con el género femenino 49 y el masculino 101 niños. A partir de esto, se identificó que un 48% de los participantes presentan ansiedad generalizada. Conclusión: Los resultados del examen Spence identifican que las participantes femeninas tienen un nivel alto con 55 puntos para los hombres un nivel alto con 45 puntos y en promedio se identifica que tienen un alto nivel de ansiedad en general con 48 puntos.(AU)

Child development must be monitored regularly, for the early detection of alarm signals that indicate alterations in their normal evolution. This research is derived from the participation of pediatric patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. Objective: to evaluate anxiety in pediatric patients suffering from neurodevelopmental disorders. Material and Methods: The methodological design is non-experimental, descriptive and transversal. The sample consisted of 150 pediatric patients from a rehabilitation center in the state of Hidalgo, México, with a diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorder with an age range of 4-17 years. A Spence Anxiety Scale (38 items) was applied, which was divided into 6 subscales. The application comprised a period of 30 days. Results: Of the 150 participants, correspondence with the female gender 49 and the male 101 children. From this, it was identified that 48% of the participants presented generalized anxiety. Conclusion: The results of the Spence test identify that participating women have a high level with 55 points, for men a high level with 45 points and on average it is identified that they have a high level of anxiety in general with 48 points.(AU)

Epidemiología del cáncer de próstata, sus determinantes y prevención / Epidemiology of prostate cancer, its determinants and prevention

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer de próstata es el más común entre la población masculina a nivel mundial. Debido al diagnóstico temprano y a las mejoras en el tratamiento, en los últimos 25 años la tasa de supervivencia se ha incrementado a 5 años. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el conocimiento, factores de riesgo y prevención del cáncer de próstata. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo transversal, Se aplicó una encuesta semiestructurada y de carácter anónimo al personal de intendencia del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud. RESULTADOS: Se aplicaron 50 encuestas, el rango de edad más frecuente fue de 40 a 50 años, el principal grado de escolaridad fue secundaria. El 25% de la población manifestó contar con un conocimiento medio sobre el cáncer de próstata y el 50 % de la población manifestó no acudir a realizarse estudios por temor al urólogo. CONCLUSIÓN: Existe falta de información sobre el cáncer de próstata, por lo que es necesario brindar una educación sanitaria a la población masculina e incitar a la realización de pruebas de cáncer de próstata para lograr un diagnostico precoz, de lo contrario un resultado tardío implica estado de salud negativo

INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer is the most common among the male population worldwide. Due to early diagnosis and to improvements in the treatment, in the past 25 years, the survival rate has increased to 5 years. OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge, risk factors and prevention of prostate cancer. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study, a semi-structured survey and anonymous nature of the Quartermaster staff of the Institute of Health Sciences. RESULTS: 50 surveys were applied, the most frequent age range was 40 to 50 years, the primary level of schooling was secondary. The 25% of the population said to have an average knowledge about prostate cancer and the 50% of the population said they did not go back to studies can be carried out for fear of the urologist. CONCLUSION: There is a lack of information about prostate cancer, so it is necessary to provide health education to the male population and encourage the testing of prostate cancer to achieve an early diagnosis. Otherwise a late result implies a negative health condition

Obesidad infantil y su relación con indicadores cardiopulmonares en escolares mexicanos / Childhood Obesity and its Relation to Cardiopulmonary Indicators in Mexican School Children / Obesidade infantil e sua relação com indicadores cardiopulmonares em estudantes mexicanos

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre obesidad y anormalidades de parámetros cardiopulmonares en escolares. Materiales y métodos: participaron 78 escolares entre 5 a 11 años de edad, 47 hombres (60,3%) y 31 mujeres (39,7%), pertenecientes a una escuela primaria particular de la ciudad de Pachuca (México). Se evaluó: índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de cintura (CC), grasa corporal (GC), frecuencia cardiaca (FC), presión arterial (PA), frecuencia respiratoria (FR) y espirometría. Se emplearon las pruebas estadísticas chi-cuadrado (x2), odds ratio y correlación de Spearman (rs). Resultados: 23,1% de los escolares evaluados presentaron sobrepeso y 29,5%, obesidad. El 38,5 y 11,5% presentaron FC y PA superiores a los parámetros normales, respectivamente; 3,8% de la población presentó FR arriba del promedio y 11,5% mostró valores espirométricos anormales. Se encontraron relaciones entre IMC con GC y CC, GC y CC, CC y FC, GC y PA, y FC y FR. Conclusiones: las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad obtenidas en este estudio fueron altas. Los niños con sobrepeso u obesidad podrían tener mayor riesgo de presentar anormalidades cardiopulmonares en comparación con niños de peso normal. Se sugiere continuar con estudios en el tema en una muestra más amplia.

Objective: Determine the relationship between obesity and abnormal cardiopulmonary parameters in school children. Materials and Methods: The sample involved 78 children between five and 11 years of age: 47 males (60.3%) and 31 females (39.7%). All were enrolled in a specific elementary school in the city of Pachuca (Mexico). Body mass (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat (GC), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR) and spirometry were evaluated. A chi-square (x2) statistical test, the odds ratio and Spearman's rank-order correlation (rs) were used. Results: In all, 23.1% of the students who were evaluated were overweight and 29.5% were obese; 38.5% and 11.5% had a HR and BP above the normal parameters, in that order; 3.8% of the population in question had a HR above average and 11.5% showed abnormal spirometric values. A relationship was found between BMI and BF and WC, BF and WC, WC and HR, BF and BP, and HR and RF. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight and obesity found in this study was high. Children who are overweight or obese might be at increased risk of experiencing cardiopulmonary abnormalities compared to children of normal weight. It is suggested that studies on this subject be continued with a broader sample.

Objetivo: determinar a relação entre obesidade e anormalidades de parâmetros cardiopulmonares em estudantes do ensino fundamental. Materiais e métodos: participaram do estudo 78 estudantes entre 5 a 11 anos de idade, 47 do gênero masculino (60,3%) e 31 do feminino (39,7%), pertencentes a uma escola primária particular da cidade de Pachuca (México). Avaliaram-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC), a circunferência de cintura (CC), a gordura corporal (GC), a frequência cardíaca (FC), a pressão arterial (PA), a frequência respiratória (FR) e a espirometria. Utilizaram-se os testes estatísticos qui-quadrado (x2), odds ratio e correlação de Spearman (rs). Resultados: 23,1%o dos estudantes avaliados apresentaram excesso de peso e 29,5% obesidade. 38,5 e 11,5% apresentaram FC e PA superiores aos parâmetros normais, respectivamente; 3,8% da população apresentou FR acima da média e 11,5% mostraram parâmetros espirométricos anormais. Constataram-se relações entre IMC com GC e CC, GC e CC, CC e FC, GC e PA, e FC e FR. Conclusões: as prevalências de excesso de peso e obesidade obtidas neste estudo foram altas. As crianças com excesso de peso ou obesidade poderiam ter maior risco de apresentar anormalidades cardiopulmonares em comparação às de peso normal. Sugere-se continuar com estudos sobre o tema com uma amostra mais ampla.