Cyberaggression and cybervictimisation in adolescents: Bibliometric analysis in web of science.

Worldwide new trends of online cyberbullying are emerging that impact on health and are a factor in adolescent suicide. The objective of this study is to know the development of scientific production and to compare the current trends that encompass the concepts of cyberaggression in young people (CAY) and cybervictimisation in young people (CVY). The methodology used in this study was descriptive with a bibliometric analysis on CAY with 481 documents and CVY with 1087 documents, in addition to a co-word analysis of both terms from the years 2017-2021. These data were extracted from the Web of Science database and network maps were made using VOSviewer software. The results show that the terms CAY and CVY were born in 2006 and have had a different evolutionary progression in the scientific literature until 2021, in addition, the area of psychology stands out with more research on other areas, developed countries are the ones that carry out more studies of CAY and CVY and that the term "suicide" is the most prominent term since 2018 from the CVY. Finally, a discussion and conclusion of the results was made, which can serve as a turning point for future lines of research.

Anxiety Levels and Coping Strategies to Deal with COVID-19: A Cross-Cultural Study among the Spanish and Latin American Healthcare Populations.

Given its impact, COVID-19 has engendered great challenges in terms of health, highlighting the key role of health personnel. This study aims to analyze the level of anxiety, as well as coping strategies, among the health personnel in Latin American countries and Spain. An exploratory, descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted with 584 participants from the healthcare population. No significant differences were observed in anxiety levels due to COVID-19 between Latin American countries and Spain. In Spain, an active and passive coping style is used, while in Latin American countries, an avoidance coping style is employed; there is a direct correlation between anxiety levels and the avoidance coping style. There exists an inverse correlation between anxiety levels and the use of an active coping style; moreover, there are no significant differences in the anxiety level of health personnel depending on whether they have cared for patients with COVID-19. Low cognitive activity, use of the avoidance method and Spanish geography were the main predictive coping styles of anxiety. Effective measures are required for preserving the mental health of health professionals during pandemics.

Trastornos mentales y responsabilidad criminal en el Tribunal Supremoespañol / Mental disorders and criminal responsibility in the Spanish Supreme Court

Antecedentes: La responsabilidad criminal de una persona con trastorno mental puede modificarse si las capacidades cognitivas y/o volitivas están alteradas. El objetivo es conocer la repercusión que los trastornos mentales tienen en la determinación de la imputabilidad en la jurisprudencia española actual. Método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo mediante la revisión de 360 sentencias del Tribunal Supremo entre 2015 y 2019. Resultados: Se modificó la responsabilidad en un 37.9% de los casos: 5.1% eximentes completas, 13.3% eximentes incompletas y 81.3% atenuantes. Los trastornos del espectro de la esquizofrenia y trastornos psicóticos fueron los más frecuentes en la exención completa y los trastornos de personalidad en la incompleta. Los trastornos relacionados con sustancias y trastornos adictivos fueron los más representados en la atenuación de la responsabilidad. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico de un mismo trastorno mental puede conllevar diferentes grados de imputabilidad. La adopción de medidas terapéuticas es excepcional.(AU)

Background: The criminal responsibility of a person with a mental disorder can be modified if their cognitive and/or volitional capacities are altered. The aim is to ascertain the repercussions that mental disorders have on the determination of imputability in current Spanish jurisprudence. Method: A retrospective descriptive study is presented through the review of 360 sentences of the Supreme Court from 2015 to 2019. Results: The results show that responsibility was modified in 37.9% of the cases: 5.1% complete exemptions, 13.3% incomplete exemptions, and 81.3% mitigating circumstances. The most represented disorders among the complete exemption cases were those on the schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, and personality disorders were the most represented for incomplete exemption. Substance-related and addictive disorders were the ones most represented in responsibility attenuation. Conclusion: The diagnosis of the same mental disorder can lead to different degrees of imputability. The adoption of therapeutic measures is the exception, not the rule.(AU)

Active Coping and Anxiety Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spanish Adults.

The features of the COVID-19 pandemic and the social operations to contain the spread of the virus might have limited or altered coping, including healthy habits such as exercise, this contributing to a myriad of negative consequences for the mental health of the global population. We explored the contribution of coping and physical activity to the management of anxiety in Spanish adults during an active phase of the epidemic, as well as the relationship between these strategies. A total of 200 young and adult individuals (70% women) voluntarily completed an anxiety inventory, a coping skills self-report and a personal data section including exercise practice. The participants reported in average a mild yet existing level of anxiety symptoms; a third reported noticeable symptoms. At the time of the study, the participants used more adaptive than maladaptive coping styles. Participants' anxiety was inversely correlated with an active coping style, and positively with an avoidant style; physical activity correlated positively with an active coping style, and regular exercisers used more frequently active coping. Controlling for confounders, active coping, avoidant coping and exercise during the pandemic predicted anxiety symptoms. Other findings indicated that exercise was used as a coping strategy for dealing with emotional distress. Our results highlight the positive impact of functional coping and exercise for the management of negative states such as anxiety during the pandemic, and underline the importance of developing interventions aimed at enhancing coping skills for promoting physical and mental well-being of the population during health and social crises.

"Oberexia": The desire to be fat(ter) in adults with excess weight / "Oberexia": El deseo de estar (más) gordo en adultos con exceso de peso / "Oberexia": O desejo de estar (mais) gordo em adultos com excesso de peso

Introduction: Despite of being scarce, evidence is growing on the existence of a group of overweight and obese individuals who do not consider their weight a risk factor for disease and who associate their weight and body with health, vigor, beauty and well-being. Consequently, they manifest a desire to maintain or even increase their weight. We propose an attempt of nomenclature, Oberexia, for this new social reality, and we describe its main characteristics and present empirical observational findings supporting the existence of this condition. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and characteristics of Oberexia in a national sample of Spanish 16 to 60-years-old adults. Methodology: Perceptions of body weight/size/shape and composition, and body satisfaction were assessed in overweight and obese adults through silhouettes, questions and discrepancies. Results: One in ten of the participants self-perceived their body as normal in weight or size. A total of 6.5% wanted to have overweight or obese bodies. A case-to-case analysis revealed that 4.2% of the participants wanted to maintain their appearance, and 1.8% wanted a body with greater weight. All these findings are related to fat mass instead of muscle mass. Conclusions: Our results support the existence of a subgroup of overweight and obese individuals who differ from the traditional subgroup of individuals with excess weight who are dissatisfied with their body. We encourage to explore the outcomes on health and the possible clinical implications of this condition

Introducción: Aunque escasa, existe evidencia creciente sobre la existencia de un grupo de personas con sobrepeso y obesidad que no consideran su exceso de peso un factor de riesgo para la enfermedad y asocian su peso y su cuerpo con salud, vigor, belleza y bienestar. Como consecuencia, manifiestan el deseo mantener o incluso incrementar su peso. Realizamos una propuesta de nomenclatura para esta realidad social, Oberexia, describimos sus principales características y presentamos resultados empíricos observacionales que apoyan la existencia de esta condición. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue explorar la prevalencia y características de la Oberexia en una muestra nacional de adultos españoles de 16 a 60 años. Metodología: Las percepciones de peso/tamaño/forma y composición corporal de personas con sobrepeso y obesidad y su satisfacción corporal fueron evaluadas utilizando siluetas, preguntas y discrepancias. Resultados: Uno de cada diez participantes percibió su cuerpo como normal en términos de peso y tamaño. Un 6.5% de los participantes con exceso de peso quería tener cuerpos con sobrepeso u obesidad. Un análisis caso-a-caso reveló que el 4.2% de los participantes deseaba mantener su apariencia, y el 1.8% deseaba aumentar de peso. Un 3% de los participantes podrían ser casos de Oberexia. Estos hallazgos se refieren a masa grasa y no a masa muscular. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados apoyan la existencia de un subgrupo de personas con exceso de peso que difieren del tradicional subgrupo de individuos obesos que se encuentran insatisfechos con su cuerpo. Es momento de explorar las consecuencias para la salud de la Oberexia y las posibles implicaciones clínicas de esta condición

Apesar de escassas, crescem as evidências sobre a existência de um grupo de essoas com sobrepeso e obesidade que não consideram o excesso de peso um fator de risco para a doença e associam seu peso e corpo com saúde, vigor, beleza e bem-estar. Consequentemente, eles manifestam o desejo de manter ou mesmo aumentar seu peso. Fizemos uma proposta de nomenclatura para essa realidade social, Oberexia, descrevemos suas principais características e apresentamos resultados empíricos observacionais que sustentam a existência dessa condição. O bjetivo deste estudo foi explorar a prevalência e as características de Oberexia em uma amostra nacional de adultos espanhóis de 16 a 60 anos. As percepções de peso/tamanho/forma e composição corporal de pessoas com sobrepeso e obesidade e sua satisfação corporal foram avaliadas por meio de silhuetas, perguntas e discrepâncias. Um em cada dez participantes percebeu seu corpo como normal em termos de peso ou tamanho. Um 6.5% dos participantes com excesso de peso desejava ter corpos com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Uma análise caso-a-caso revelou que 4.2% dos participantes queriam manter a aparência e 1.8% desejavam ganhar peso. Un 3% dos participantes poderia ser casos de Oberexia. Todos esses achados referem -se à massa gorda e não à massa muscular. Nossos resultados confirmam a existência de um subgrupo de indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade que diferem do subgrupo tradicional de indivíduos com excesso de peso insatisfeitos com seu corpo. É momento de explorar as consequências para a saúde de a Oberexia e as possíveis implicações clínicas dessa condição

Estrategias para el manejo del cuerpo en adultos jóvenes: interacción entre las percepciones corporales, la edad y el sexo / Body management behaviors in young adults: interactions among body perceptions, age and gender

La percepción del cuerpo y la satisfacción con el mismo se asocian con conductas saludables y de riesgo de manejo del cuerpo con importantes consecuencias para la salud. En este estudio se exploran las conductas que usan hombres y mujeres en su adultez temprana para controlar el peso, tamaño, forma y composición corporales. La imagen corporal (IC) y la satisfacción corporal (SC) se evaluaron a través de siluetas, preguntas y discrepancias, y las prácticas conductuales de control del cuerpo a través de un cuestionario. Los participantes informaron de un uso moderadamente elevado de estrategias saludables y bajo de estrategias de riesgo. ANOVAs de 2 y 3 factores indicaron que una IC más negativa y una SC menor se asocian con un mayor uso de estrategias saludables y, particularmente, de riesgo de manejo del cuerpo, y que el sexo, y no tanto la edad, modera esta relación, mostrando las mujeres mayor uso de ambos tipos de estrategias. Nuestros resultados son interesantes para el diseño de intervenciones destinadas a mejorar las percepciones corporales basadas en conductas saludables

Body perceptions and body satisfaction are associated with healthy and risk body change behaviors with important consequences for health. In this study, the behaviors that men and women in their early young adulthood and late young adulthood used to control body weight, size, shape, and composition were explored. Body image (BI) and body satisfaction (BS) were assessed through silhouettes, questions and discrepancies, and body management behavioral practices with a questionnaire. Participants reported a moderately high use of healthy strategies and low use of maladaptive strategies. Two- and three-way between-subjects ANOVAs indicated that a more negative BI and lower BS were associated with a greater use of both healthy and, particularly, risk body management strategies, and that gender, more than age, moderates this relationship, with women demonstrating a higher use of both type of bodymanagement strategies. Our results are interesting for the design of interventions aimed at improving body perceptions with a focus on healthy behaviors

Temperament and characteristics related to nomophobia.

Nomophobia is defined as the fear of being out of mobile phone contact and is considered to be a phobia of the modern age. The current study set out to establish the relationship between temperament and personality and the development of nomophobia. The sample was composed of 968 participants selected from the Andalusian population, of which there were 182 males and 785 females aged from 23.19 years. The instruments used were the Questionnaire to Assess Nomophobia (QANIP; Olivencia-Carrión et al., 2018) and the Temperament and Character Inventory Revised (TCI-R; Cloninger et al., 1993). We found that cooperation is a characteristic that significantly reduces nomophobic levels, particularly for the two factors of Mobile Phone Addiction and Negative Consequences. Furthermore, Reward Dependence appears to be positively related to two of the factors involved in nomophobia, namely Mobile Phone Addiction and Loss of Control, suggesting a relationship between Nomophobia and personality. These findings are discussed in terms of their usefulness for identifying the personality predictors of nomophobia in order to develop preventive and intervention strategies.

Determinantes psicosociales y deportivos de la intención de continuar la participación en la práctica deportiva y la competición en atletas con discapacidad / Psychosocial and athletic determinants of intention for continuing participation in training and competition in disabled athletes

Las experiencias de flow, la competencia deportiva percibida y la pasión han sido relacionadas con la adherencia a la práctica deportiva y el rendimiento en deportistas sin discapacidad, pero existe escasa evidencia de ello en el deporte adaptado. En este estudio correlacional, exploramos el flow, la competencia percibida y la pasión armoniosa y obsesiva en deportistas con diversidad funcional de diferentes modalidades y niveles competitivos, y su influencia sobre la intención de práctica y competición futura. Se realizaron análisis de correlaciones de orden cero y análisis multivariados de regresión lineal. Los participantes informaron tener niveles moderadamente altos de flow, particularmente en la mejor competición, así como elevada competencia deportiva percibida y pasión por el deporte, particularmente pasión armoniosa. Entre las variables psicosociales y deportivas consideradas, la intención de práctica futura fue predicha por la competencia percibida, mientras que la intención de competición futura fue predicha por la pasión obsesiva y el nivel de competición. Las intervenciones dirigidas a la promoción de la participación deportiva y el incremento del rendimiento en atletas con discapacidad deben considerar estos poderosos recursos psicológicos (AU)

Experiences of flow, perceived athletic competence and passion have been linked to sport engagement and performance among non-disabled athletes, but there is little evidence in the case of disabled athletes. In the present study with correlational design, we explored how, perceived competence and harmonious and obsessive passion in athletes with disabilities from different sports and competition levels, and their influence on athletes' intention to continue participation in training and competition. Zero-order correlations and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted. The participants reported moderately high levels of flow, particularly during their best competition, and high levels of perceived athletic competence and passion for sports, particularly harmonious passion. Among the psychosocial and athletic factors considered, the intention for future practice was predicted by perceived competence, while the intention for future competition was predicted by the participant’s obsessive passion and competition level. Interventions aimed at enhancing sport participation and performance in disabled athletes should consider these powerful psychological resources

El acierto en el tiro libre en baloncesto: cómo influye el minuto de partido, el estado del marcador y ser equipo local o visitante / The successful free throw in basketball: how it influences the minute of the game, the scoreboard and be home or visitor team

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar los tiros libres lanzados en una muestra de 56 partidos de baloncesto de categoría ACB. Se ha registrado el número de lanzamientos y el porcentaje de aciertos en cada minuto de juego. Además, también se ha tenido en cuenta la situación del marcador en el momento de lanzar y la condición de actuar como equipo local o visitante. No se han encontrado diferencias significativas entre los equipos locales y los visitantes, en relación a los tiros libres intentados. En cuanto a los porcentajes de aciertos, existe una mínima diferencia favorable a los equipos que juegan como locales. Se comentan estos resultados y se hacen propuestas prácticas de cara al entrenamiento del tiro libre (AU)

The aim of this study was to analyze the released free throws in a sample of 56basketball games category ACB. There has been the number of pitches and the percentage of hits in each minute of play. In addition, it also took into account the marker location at the time of launch and the condition of acting as the home team or visitor team. No significant differences were found between local teams and visitors teams in relation to the free throw attempts. In terms of percentages of correct answers, there is minimal difference in favor of the teams playing at home. We discuss these findings and make practical proposals for the training side of the free kick (AU)

O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar os lançamentos livres em uma mostra de 56 jogos de basquete da categoria ACB. Foram registrados os números de lançamentos e a porcentagem de acertos em cada minuto do jogo. Ademais foi considerada a situação do jogador no momento de lançar e a condição (..) (AU)

Relación entre los motivos para la práctica físico-deportiva y las experiencias de flujo en jóvenes: diferencias en función del sexo / Relationship between Motives for Exercise and Sports Practice and Flow Experiences in Youth: Gender Differences

El presente trabajo estudia la relación entre práctica físico-deportiva, motivos para realizarla y flujo experimentado en dicha práctica en una muestra de 101 jóvenes españoles. Los participantes respondieron autoinformes de actividad físico-deportiva, motivos para realizar esa actividad (Capdevila, 2003) y experiencias de flow en la misma (Jackson & Eklund, 2002). Los resultados indicaron que los hombres realizan más ejercicio y deporte que las mujeres, manifiestan una mayor motivación intrínseca y experimentan un mayor nivel de flujo en la actividad físico-deportiva. El flujo experimentado y los motivos intrínsecos se mostraron como factores predictores de la práctica físico-deportiva, mientras que los motivos extrínsecos no predijeron dicha práctica. Los resultados anteriores sugieren que fomentar motivos de diversión y experiencias subjetivas positivas como el flujo ayudarán a incrementar la adherencia a la práctica físico-deportiva en jóvenes.

In this study we explored the relationship between exercise - sports practice, motives for practice and flow experienced during such activities in a sample of Spanish young adults. 101 participants responded self-reports on exercise-sports practice, motives (Capdevila, 2003) and states of flow (Jackson & Eklund, 2002). The results indicated that, compared to women, physical practice was higher among men, who also showed a higher intrinsic motivation and experienced flow at a higher degree. Flow and intrinsic motives predicted physical practice, whilst extrinsic motives could not predict it. These results point out that promoting enjoyment-related motives and positive subjective experiences such as flow might help in enhancing adherence to exercise and sports among young people.

Relación entre estrés percibido y estado de ánimo negativo: diferencias según el estilo de afrontamiento / Relationship between perceived stress and negative mood: differences according to of coping style

En el modelo Transaccional de Lazarus se destaca que el efecto que puede producir un determinado estímulo estresor sobre la respuesta de estrés de las personas viene determinado por dos variables fundamentales. Una de ellas se refiere a la valoración que hace la persona de la magnitud de dicho estímulo, la otra está relacionada con el tipo de estrategias utilizadas para afrontarlo. El presente trabajo examina si el estado de ánimo negativo puede explicarse a partir del estrés percibido y del estilo de afrontamiento. También se analiza si existen diferencias en las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas en función del género y la edad. Quinientos diez universitarios contestaron a diferentes escalas para medir su estrés percibido, el estado de ánimo y el estilo de afrontamiento. Los resultados muestran que el estrés percibido y un uso frecuente de un estilo de afrontamiento pasivo son factores predictores del estado de ánimo negativo. Además, se han encontrado diferencias en las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas en función del género y de la edad. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para minimizar el impacto de los estresores diarios (AU)

In the Lazarus transactional model emphasizes the effect that certain stimuli can produce a stressor on stress response of individuals is determined by two key variables. One of them concerns the assessment made by the person of the magnitude of the stimulus, the other is related to the type of strategies used to cope. This paper examines whether the negative mood can be explained by perceived stress and coping style. It also examines whether there are differences in coping strategies used by gender and age. Five hundred ten university responded to different scales to measure perceived stress, mood and coping style. The results show that perceived stress and frequent use of passive coping style are predictors of negative mood. In addition, we found differences in coping strategies used by gender and age. Implications of the results to minimize the impact of daily stressors (AU)