Climate Events, Displacement, and Mental Health-Uprooted.

This Viewpoint discusses the implications of climate event­related disasters and displacement as well as strategies for mitigating their mental health effects.

Late life anxiety and depression symptoms, and suicidal behaviors in racial/ethnic minority older adults in community-based organizations and community clinics in the U.S.

OBJECTIVE: Late life anxiety and depression represent a significant source of disability, with racial/ethnic minority older adults in the U.S. showing marked disparities in healthy aging. Community-based organizations (CBOs) and community clinics serve these populations for preventive care, yet few identify their mental health service needs. We examine the association between race/ethnicity and risk of mild-to-severe symptoms of anxiety and depression, and suicidal behaviors in minority older adults. METHOD: Data come from the multisite randomized controlled trial Building Community Capacity for Disability Prevention for Minority Elders, which screened 1,057 adults (45.5% Asian, 26.8% Latinx, 15.0% non-Latinx Black, 8.5% non-Latinx White, and 4.2% American Indian) aged 60 + years at CBOs and clinics in Massachusetts, New York, Florida, and Puerto Rico. Screened participants completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms, the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) for depression symptoms, and the Paykel Suicide Risk Questionnaire for suicidal behaviors. RESULTS: 28.1% of older adults reported mild-to-severe anxiety symptoms, 30.1% reported mild-to-severe depression symptoms, and 4.3% reported at least one suicidal behavior. Compared to non-Latinx Whites, Latinxs had higher odds of mild-to-severe anxiety and depression symptoms and one or more suicidal behaviors, and Asians had higher odds of mild-to-severe depression symptoms only. CONCLUSIONS: There is an urgent need to improve outreach for screening and preventive mental health care for minority older adults. Expanding outreach and community-based capacity to identify and treat minority older adults with mental health conditions represents an opportunity to prevent disability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Terapia de rehabilitación cognitiva, calidad de vida de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson y cuidadores / Cognitive rehabilitation therapy, quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease and caregivers

La enfermedad de Parkinson es la segunda patología neurodegenerativa más recurrente, progresiva y crónica que perjudica a pacientes y cuidadores. Es fundamental describir la calidad de vida en pacientes y cuidadores posterior a la terapia de rehabilitación cognitiva. Por ello se elaboró un artículo de revisión mediante una búsqueda en bases de datos, PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO, empleando artículos originales, ensayos clínicos, de revisión, entre otros, publicados en los últimos cinco años en español e inglés. El deterioro cognitivo en los pacientes de forma prematura conlleva a mayor riesgo de demencia, que se manifiesta con repercusión en las actividades de la vida diaria, como en la calidad de vida pacientecuidador. Mientras más avanzado se encuentre el estadio de la enfermedad, los pacientes con deterioro cognitivo generan mayor dependencia de sus cuidadores, empeorando la calidad de vida de ambos. La terapia de rehabilitación cognitiva pretende mejorar la calidad de vida de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson y sus cuidadores; actualmente se describen terapias de rehabilitación cognitiva basada en ejercicio físico. Al fortalecer la cognición mediante terapias de rehabilitación basadas en actividad física, el paciente presenta mayor independencia, lo cual disminuye la carga del cuidador, generando mayor empatía entre ambos

Parkinson's disease is the second most recurrent, progressive and chronic neurodegenerative pathology that harms patients and caregivers. It is essential to describe the quality of life in patients and caregivers after cognitive rehabilitation therapy. For this reason, a review article was prepared through a search in databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO, using original articles, clinical trials, review, among others, published in the last five years in Spanish and English. Cognitive deterioration in patients prematurely leads to an increased risk of dementia, which manifests itself with repercussions on activities of daily living, as well as on the quality of life of the patient-caregiver. The more advanced the stage of the disease is, the patients with cognitive impairment generate greater dependence on their caregivers, worsening the quality of life for both. Cognitive rehabilitation therapy aims to improve the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease and their caregivers; Cognitive rehabilitation therapies based on physical exercise are currently being described. By strengthening cognition through rehabilitation therapies based on physical activity, the patient has greater independence, which reduces the burden on the caregiver, generating greater empathy between both

Traumatismo abdominal leve en pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn: ¿mayor susceptibilidad a la perforación de colon? / Mild abdominal trauma in patients with Crohn's disease: greater susceptibility to colon perforation?

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Effectiveness of a Disability Preventive Intervention for Minority and Immigrant Elders: The Positive Minds-Strong Bodies Randomized Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To test the acceptability and effectiveness of a disability prevention intervention, Positive Minds-Strong Bodies (PMSB), offered by paraprofessionals to mostly immigrant elders in four languages. DESIGN: Randomized trial of 307 participants, equally randomized into intervention or enhanced usual care. SETTING: Community-based organizations in Massachusetts, New York, Florida, and Puerto Rico serving minority elders. Data collected at baseline, 2, 6, and 12 months, between May 2015 and March 2019. PARTICIPANTS: English-, Spanish-, Mandarin-, or Cantonese-speaking adults, age 60+, not seeking disability prevention services, but eligible per elevated mood symptoms and minor to moderate physical dysfunction. INTERVENTIONS: Ten individual sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (PM) concurrently offered with 36 group sessions of strengthening exercise training (SB) over 6 months compared to enhanced usual care. MEASUREMENTS: Acceptability defined as satisfaction and attendance to >50% of sessions. Effectiveness determined by changes in mood symptoms (HSCL-25 and GAD-7), functional performance (SPPB), self-reported disability (LLFDI), and disability days (WHODAS 2.0). RESULTS: Around 77.6% of intervention participants attended over half of PM Sessions; 53.4% attended over half of SB sessions. Intent-to-treat analyses at 6 months showed significant intervention effects: improved functioning per SPPB and LLFDI, and lowered mood symptoms per HSCL-25. Intent-to-treat analyses at 12 months showed that effects remained significant for LLFDI and HSCL-25, and disability days (per WHODAS 2.0) significantly decreased 6-month after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: PMSB offered by paraprofessionals in community-based organizations demonstrates good acceptability and seems to improve functioning, with a compliance-benefit effect showing compliance as an important determinant of the intervention response.

Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) in the Management of Trauma Patients: A Systematic Literature Review.

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) represents an innovative method by which noncompressible bleeding in the torso can be mitigated until definitive treatment can be obtained. To perform a systematic review of the literature on the use of the REBOA in trauma patients. An English and Spanish literature search was performed using MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus, from 1948 to 2018. Keywords used were aortic balloon occlusion, resuscitative endovascular balloon, REBOA, hemorrhage, and resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta. The eligilibility criteria included only original and human subject articles. Nontrauma patients, nonbleeding pathology, letters, single case reports, reviews, and pediatric patients were excluded. Two hundred forty-six articles were identified, of which 17 articles were included in this review. The total number of patients was 1340; 69 per cent were men and 31 per cent women. In 465 patients, the aortic zone location was described: 83 per cent the balloon was placed in aortic zone I and 16 per cent in zone III. Systolic blood pressure increased at an average of 52 mmHg before and after aortic occlusion. Although 32 patients (2.4%) presented clinical complications derived from the procedure, no mortality was reported. The trauma-related mortality rate was 58 per cent (776/1340). REBOA is a useful resource for the management of noncompressive torso hemorrhage with promising results in systolic blood pressure and morbidity. Indications for its use include injuries in zones 1 and 3, whereas it is not clear for zone 2 injuries. Additional studies are needed to define the benefits of this procedure.

Safety and feasibility of cholecystectomy in octogenarians. Analysis of a single center series of 316 patients.

INTRODUCTION: Cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for symptomatic cholelithiasis. However, outcomes for patients over 80years of age are not well studied. The primary aim of this study was to describe the safety and feasibility of cholecystectomy, including in the acute setting, in a cohort of patients≥80 years of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study of patients aged≥80 years submitted to cholecystectomy at a single institution from January 2013 to January 2018 was performed. Severity of acute cholecystitis was graded according to the updated Tokyo Guidelines 18. Early cholecystectomy was defined as being performed within the first 48h after admission and delayed when performed beyond 48h of the admission. RESULTS: In total 316 patients underwent cholecystectomy. The indication was acute cholecystitis in 113 (36%) patients. Of the 316 patients 289 (92%) were attempted laparoscopically and 30 (10%) were converted to open. Major complications occurred in 44 patients (14%) and mortality rate was 4%. No bile duct injuries were observed. For those patients with mild or moderate acute cholecystitis (n = 103), there was no differences in outcomes when comparing early vs delayed surgery. CONCLUSION: Cholecystectomy in patients≥80 years of age is safe and feasible. Outcomes did not differ between early and delayed surgery for mild/moderate acute cholecystitis.

Intraluminal mesh erosion after prosthetic hiatoplasty: incidence, management, and outcomes.

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the incidence, presentation, and treatment of mesh erosion into the esophagus or stomach after mesh hiatoplasty for primary or recurrent hiatal hernia. The study is a single-institution, retrospective cohort study. From November 2005 to December 2016, 122 patients consecutively underwent mesh hiatoplasty in our department, 91 during a primary surgery and 31 for a surgical revision. Follow-up was complete for 74%. Six patients of this series were evaluated for mesh erosion. In all cases, the mesh employed was a dual-type circular one. The mean time from surgery to erosion diagnosis was 42 months (median time 46 months, interquartile range 64 months). Three patients were asymptomatic, 1 had dysphagia, 1 had reflux recurrence, and 1 presented with mediastinal perforation. The absolute erosion rate was 4.9%. For patients under surveillance, the erosion rate was 6.6%, or 1 case every 48 patient-years of follow-up. The erosion rate after primary surgery was 3% or 1/86 patient-years of follow-up, and after surgery for recurrent hernia recurrence was 16% or 1/29 patient-years of follow-up. The mesh was left in place in 2 asymptomatic cases and endoscopically removed in 2 cases. Two patients submitted to surgical removal of the mesh, and only one needed a limited gastroesophageal junction resection for a conversion to a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The patient with esophageal perforation submitted to mesh removal, drainage, and an anterior partial fundoplication. There was no mortality. Mesh erosion after hiatoplasty presents with a high rate, especially when hiatoplasty is performed during revisional antireflux surgery. Most patients can be managed conservatively, and endoscopic removal should be considered a first-line therapy.

Pre-peritoneal pelvic packing for the management of life-threatening pelvic fractures.

BACKGROUND: Pre-peritoneal pelvic packing (PPP) is a technique used for treating pelvic hemorrhage in patients with pelvic fractures and hemodynamic instability after a high-energy trauma representing a life-threatening situation. The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive review of the literature. METHODS: A review of the medical literature was performed, based on the following inclusion criteria: patients sustaining pelvic fractures with hemodynamic instability and the inclusion of PPP as a tool for hemorrhage control. Articles not involving human patients, review articles, surveys, pediatric patients, hemodynamic stability, case reports, and not directly related publications; such as angiography with or without embolization, and REBOA use for hemorrhage control as a primary outcome evaluation were excluded from this search. RESULTS: Eleven articles out of seventy-seven identified publications between 2008 and 2018 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. CONCLUSIONS: PPP is a surgical approach used in life-threatening situations due to pelvic fracture with high risk of death for exsanguination. Performed expediently, good results can be obtained with a decrease in the need for blood products, improved systolic blood pressure, and a decrease in mortality rates overall. This makes PPP an important life-saving tool.

Activation, self-management, engagement, and retention in behavioral health care: a randomized clinical trial of the DECIDE intervention.

IMPORTANCE: Given minority patients' unequal access to quality care, patient activation and self-management strategies have been suggested as a promising approach to improving mental health care. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the DECIDE (Decide the problem; Explore the questions; Closed or open-ended questions; Identify the who, why, or how of the problem; Direct questions to your health care professional; Enjoy a shared solution) intervention, an educational strategy that teaches patients to ask questions and make collaborative decisions with their health care professional, improves patient activation and self-management, as well as engagement and retention in behavioral health care. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: In this multisite randomized clinical trial performed from February 1, 2009, through October 9, 2011 (date of last follow-up interview), we recruited 647 English- or Spanish-speaking patients 18 to 70 years old from 13 outpatient community mental health clinics across 5 states and 1 US territory. A total of 722 patients were included in analyses of secondary outcomes. INTERVENTIONS: Three DECIDE training sessions delivered by a care manager vs giving patients a brochure on management of behavioral health. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Primary outcomes were patient assessment of activation (Patient Activation Scale) and self-management (Perceived Efficacy in Patient-Physician Interactions). Secondary outcomes included patient engagement (proportion of visits attended of those scheduled) and retention (attending at least 4 visits in the 6 months after the baseline research assessment), collected through medical record review or electronic records. RESULTS: Patients assigned to DECIDE reported significant increases in activation (mean ß = 1.74, SD = 0.58; P = .003) and self-management (mean ß = 2.42, SD = 0.90; P = .008) relative to control patients, but there was no evidence of an effect on engagement or retention in care. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The DECIDE intervention appears to help patients learn to effectively ask questions and participate in decisions about their behavioral health care, but a health care professional component might be needed to augment engagement in care. DECIDE appears to have promise as a strategy for changing the role of minority patients in behavioral health care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01226329

Infección del Tracto Urinario en el niño / Urinary tract infection in children

La infección del tracto urinario (ITU) es una de las infecciones más frecuentes en la infancia. Se estima que afecta entre el 2,6 por ciento y el 3,4 por ciento de los niños cada año, ocasionando su diagnóstico y tratamiento un elevado costo económico. Sin embargo, no es fácil diagnosticar una ITU ya que la clínica sobre todo en menores de dos años, suele ser inespecífica. Aunque el urocultivo es el método diagnóstico de referencia, las dificultades para su recogida y la demora de su resultado obligan a menudo a establecer un diagnóstico empírico, considerando los datos clínicos y los resultados de los parámetros de los análisis de orina. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo revisión bibliográfica sobre las Infecciones del tracto Urinario, con el objetivo de conocer las principales características de esta enfermedad, a través de su definición, fisiopatología, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Teniendo como conclusiones que la fisiopatología y las principales manifestaciones clínicas varían con la edad y las características del germen, para establecer el diagnóstico nos basamos en métodos directos e indirectos y el tratamiento depende de la localización topográfica de la infección y del riesgo del paciente, de acuerdo al grado de riesgo de cada paciente(AU)

The urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequent infections in children. It affects 2.6 percent and 3,4 percent of children each year, and its diagnosis and treatment provoke a high economic cost. However, it is not easy to diagnose a UTI because the clinic, especially in children under two years old, uses to be unespecific. Although the uroculture is the reference diagnosis method, the difficulties for the picking up and delay of the results demands for empirical diagnosis, considering the clinical data and results of the parameters of urine samples. It was performed a descriptive research of bibliographic revision about urinary tract infections, with the objective to know the main characteristics of this disease through its definition, physiopathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. As conclusion it can be said that physiopathology and the main clinical manifestations vary by age and germs characteristics. To establish the diagnosis we based upon the direct and indirect methods and the treatment depends on the topographic place of the infection and the patient risk according to the risk level of each patient(EU)

Evaluation of a patient activation and empowerment intervention in mental health care.

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that minority populations have lower levels of attendance and retention in mental health care than non-Latino whites. Patient activation and empowerment interventions may be effective in increasing minority patients' attendance and retention. OBJECTIVES: This study developed and evaluated a patient self-reported activation and empowerment strategy in mental health care. RESEARCH DESIGN: The Right Question Project-Mental Health (RQP-MH) trainings consisted of 3 individual sessions using a pre/post test comparison group design with patients from 2 community mental health clinics. The RQP-MH intervention taught participants to identify questions that would help them consider their role, process and reasons behind a decision; and empowerment strategies to better manage their care. SUBJECTS: A total of 231 participated, completing at least the pretest interview (n = 141 intervention site, 90 comparison site). MEASURES: Four main outcomes were linked to the intervention: changes in self-reported patient activation; changes in self-reported patient empowerment; treatment attendance; and retention in treatment. RESULTS: Findings show that intervention participants were over twice as likely to be retained in treatment and over 3 times more likely than comparison participants to have scheduled at least 1 visit during the 6-month follow-up period. Similarly, intervention participants demonstrated 29% more attendance to scheduled visits than comparison patients. There was no evidence of an effect on self-reported patient empowerment, only on self-reported patient activation. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate the intervention's potential to increase self-reported patient activation, retention, and attendance in mental health care for minority populations. By facilitating patient-provider communication, the RQP-MH intervention may help minorities effectively participate in mental health care.