[Atherogenic lipid profile in children with subclinical hypothyroidism]. / Perfil lipídico aterogénico en niños con hipotiroidismo subclínico.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lipid profile in children with subclinical hypothyroidism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-six children of both sexes aged between 2 and 9 years old, 17 with subclinical hypothyroidism (study group) and 23 healthy children (control group), were studied. Subclinical hypothyroidism was diagnosed when levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were greater than 4.65 .U/mL and those of free thyroxin (fT4) were normal. Children with subclinical hypothyroidism were observed for 4 months with no interventions and TSH and fT4 were again determined to confirm the diagnosis. A complete medical history was taken and a blood sample was extracted for lipid determinations including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (ATGA) and antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies were also determined. RESULTS: Of the 17 children who initially presented elevated serum TSH levels, seven (41.2 %) had normal levels at 4 months and were consequently excluded. No significant differences were found in age, weight, height or body mass index between the study and the control groups. No differences were found between the two groups in levels of anti-TPO antibodies and ATGA. The mean plasma HDL-C level was significantly lower in children with subclinical hypothyroidism than in controls (p < 0.05) and a statistically significant association (p < 0.013) was found between the presence of subclinical hypothyroidism and a greater frequency of low HDL-C levels. CONCLUSION: Subclinical hypothyroidism may be transitory in a considerable percentage of children. Children with subclinical hypothyroidism had significantly lower HDL-C levels, suggesting an atherogenic lipid profile in this entity.

Perfil lipídico aterogénico en niños con hipotiroidismo subclínico / Atherogenic lipid profile in children with subclinical hypothyroidism

Objetivo: Evaluar el perfil lipídico en niños con hipotiroidismo subclínico. Pacientes y métodos: Se estudiaron 46 niños de ambos sexos, en edades comprendidas entre 2 y 9 años, 17 con hipotiroidismo subclínico (grupo de estudio) y 23 niños sanos (grupo control). El hipotiroidismo subclínico se diagnosticó cuando los niveles de tirotropina (TSH) fueron mayores de 4,65 mU/ml y los de tiroxina libre (T4L) fueron normales. Los niños con hipotiroidismo subclínico se observaron por 4 meses sin intervención alguna y se les tomó nueva muestra para TSH y T4L con el objeto de corroborar el diagnóstico. Se les realizó una historia clínica completa y se les tomó muestra de sangre para lipidograma, que incluyó triglicéridos, colesterol total (CT), colesterol unido a las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (c-HDL) y el cálculo del colesterol unido a las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (c-LDL); además se determinaron los anticuerpos antitiroglobulina (anti-TG) y antiperoxidasa (anti-TPO). Resultados: De los 17 niños que presentaron niveles séricos elevados de TSH al inicio, 7 (41,2 %) los normalizaron a los 4 meses, por lo que fueron excluidos. No se apreciaron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la edad, peso, talla e índice de masa corporal entre el grupo de estudio y el control. Los niveles de anticuerpos anti-TPO y anti-TG no fueron diferentes entre los grupos. El nivel plasmático promedio de c-HDL fue significativamente más bajo en los niños con hipotiroidismo subclínico que en los controles (p < 0,05) y se observó una asociación estadística significativa (p < 0,013) entre la presencia de este proceso y la mayor frecuencia de niveles bajos de c-HDL. Conclusión: El hipotiroidismo subclínico puede ser una condición transitoria en un porcentaje importante de niños. Los niños con hipotiroidismo subclínico presentan una disminución significativa en los niveles de c-HDL, lo cual sugiere un patrón lipídico aterogénico en esta entidad

Objective: To evaluate lipid profile in children with subclinical hypothyroidism. Patients and methods: Forty-six children of both sexes aged between 2 and 9 years old, 17 with subclinical hypothyroidism (study group) and 23 healthy children (control group), were studied. Subclinical hypothyroidism was diagnosed when levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were greater than 4.65 mU/mL and those of free thyroxin (fT4) were normal. Children with subclinical hypothyroidism were observed for 4 months with no interventions and TSH and fT4 were again determined to confirm the diagnosis. A complete medical history was taken and a blood sample was extracted for lipid determinations including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (ATGA) and antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies were also determined. Results: Of the 17 children who initially presented elevated serum TSH levels, seven (41.2 %) had normal levels at 4 months and were consequently excluded. No significant differences were found in age, weight, height or body mass index between the study and the control groups. No differences were found between the two groups in levels of anti-TPO antibodies and ATGA. The mean plasma HDL-C level was significantly lower in children with subclinical hypothyroidism than in controls (p < 0.05) and a statistically significant association (p < 0.013) was found between the presence of subclinical hypothyroidism and a greater frequency of low HDL-C levels. Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism may be transitory in a considerable percentage of children. Children with subclinical hypothyroidism had significantly lower HDL-C levels, suggesting an atherogenic lipid profile in this entity

[Concentration of thyrotropic hormone and free thyroxin in children with Down's syndrome]. / Concentraciones de hormona tirotropa y tiroxina libre en niños con síndrome de Down.

The incidence of hypothyroidism is higher among children with Down syndrome than among children in the general population. The frequency of hypothyroidism is higher in the areas of endemic goiter than in other areas. The aim of this paper was to study the concentrations of TSH and FT4 in children with Down syndrome residents of Mérida, a region of Venezuelan Andes. At the Centro de Estudio y Prevención del Retardo Mental y Alteraciones en el Desarrollo (CEPREMAD), the thyroid function was studied in 48 children (1 month to 6 years old), who had Down syndrome, and in 123 healthy children of similar ages. All the children were referred to the Center for thyroid function evaluation. Two (4.2%) of the 48 children with Down syndrome had congenital hypothyroidism and 22 (45.8%) had subclinical hypothyroidism (high concentration of thyrotropin-TSH). Among the control children, only 14% had elevated levels of TSH. There were no differences in relation to the gender. In conclusion in children with Down syndrome, the frequency of high concentrations of TSH was three times higher than the frequency among the healthy children. The frequency of hypothyroidism was similar to that found in areas without endemic goiter.

The OPG: an aid in TMJ diagnostics. III. A comparison between lateral tomography and dental rotational panoramic radiography (Orthopantomography).

In the comparison of radiographical findings (flattening, irregular surface and osteophyte formation) between lateral tomography and Orthopantomography in thirty-one female patients with craniomandibular disorders, a 76% similarity was found. A trend in the findings was seen: with an increase in radiographical findings visible in the tomograms there is a decrease in the amount of condylar asymmetry visible in the Orthopantomograms and a decrease in the age of the patients.

The recognition of craniomandibular disorders--a comparison between clinical and radiographic findings in eighty-nine subjects.

A comparison has been made between clinical and radiographical findings in a study of eighty-nine patients suffering from craniomandibular disorders. In general it was found that condylar changes were more common in these patients than in earlier studies concerning the severe problems of craniomandibular disorders. A statistically significant correlation between clinical and radiographical findings was found for crepitation with osteophyte formation of the condyle (P less than 0.01). After clinical separation of the patients into two groups based upon the origin of pain, myogenous versus arthrogenous, no radiographical correlation could be made except for condylar osteophytes. With the clinical method used for separation of patients it was found that the clicking of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was more common among myogenous patients (P less than 0.05); crepitation was more common among arthrogenous patients (P less than 0.01), as was limited mouth opening (P less than 0.05) and deviation on opening (P less than 0.05). Radiographically, the only statistical difference between the two groups was found for osteophyte formation of the condyle, this was more common among arthrogenous patients (P less than 0.05). As the clinical method has been tested earlier, the results of this study lends support to the idea that conventional radiographical examination is of limited use in the initial diagnostics of craniomandibular disorders. Therefore new alternatives have to be developed.