The efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for knee osteoarthritis : an umbrella review.

BACKGROUND: An umbrella review was conducted to compare the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) versus non-ESWT in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three databases including PubMed, Embase and Web of science were searched up to September 2023. Literature screening, quality evaluation, and data extraction were performed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of outcome indicators was performed using Revman 5.4 software. RESULTS: A total of eight meta-analysis were included in this umbrella review. All meta-analysis were graded against a Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) and scored between 8 and 11. Compared to the sham group, the ESWT group showed better results in WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index) [mean difference (MD)=-2.94, 95% CI: -5.52, -0.37, P=0.03, I²=60%], Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (MD=-2.0, 95% CI: -2.5, -1.5, P<0.01, I²=0%), range of motion (ROM) (MD=17.55, 95% CI: 13.49, 21.61, P<0.00001, I²=0%), and Lequesne index (MD=-2.85, 95% CI: -3.64, -2.07, P<0.00001, I²=48%). CONCLUSION: Based on the results of our analysis, ESWT is now an effective therapy for improving pain and function in patients with KOA.

Global trends and research hotspots of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a bibliometric analysis from 1991 to 2022.

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) has been demonstrated to be an effective intervention for various shoulder disorders. The number of rTSA-related studies performed has increased annually over the past three decades. The Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery had the highest number of publications and citations in the rTSA-related research domain and is therefore considered to be the most influential journal in this field. The USA published the most publications and established a high degree of cooperation with many countries worldwide. The University of Florida, the Hospital for Special Surgery, and Rush University, Mayo Clinic were representative and active institutions in this field. It is anticipated that advancements in prosthesis design, specifically with regards to lateralized design concepts, expanding indications for rTSA, a trend toward younger patient populations, and the management of postoperative complications will emerge as research hotspots in the following years. The most valuable publications, influential journals, major researchers, and leading countries were analyzed. The findings of our study will help researchers gain insights into current research hotspots and frontiers and shape their research focus in the field of rTSA.

Comparison of Two Surgical Approaches for Periacetabular Osteotomy: A Retrospective Study of Patients with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

OBJECTIVE: Given the intricate challenges and potential complications associated with periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Our study aimed to compare the clinical and imaging benefits and drawbacks of two surgical approaches, the modified Stoppa combined iliac spine approach and the modified Smith-Peterson approach, for treating PAO and to provide guidance for selecting clinical approaches. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 56 patients with 62 DDHs was conducted from June 2018 to January 2022. The experimental group underwent surgery via the modified Stoppa combined iliac spine approach, while the control group underwent surgery via the modified Smith-Peterson approach for periacetabular osteotomy and internal fixation. Basic statistical parameters, including age, sex, BMI, and preoperative imaging data, were analyzed. Differences in surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative imaging data were compared, as were differences in preoperative and postoperative imaging data between the two groups. RESULTS: There were 28 hips in the experimental group and 34 in the control group. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the basic parameters between the experimental and control groups. Before and after the operation, for the LCE angle, ACE angle, and Tonnis angle, there was no significant difference in acetabular coverage (p > 0.05). However, there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of the above four indicators before and after the operation (p < 0.05). After the operation, the experimental group exhibited significant increases in both lateral and anterior acetabular coverage of the femoral head. However, the experimental group had longer operation times and greater bleeding volumes than did the control group. Despite this, the experimental group demonstrated significant advantages in protecting the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The modified Stoppa combined iliac spine approach can be considered a practical approach for PAO and is more suitable for patients with DDH who plan to be treated by one operation than the classic modified Smith-Peterson approach for PAO.

18 F-FDG PET/CT in a Case of Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney.

ABSTRACT: 18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed in a 1-year-old girl who had a heterogeneous mass in the right abdominal cavity revealed by abdominal ultrasound. A heterogeneous mass with internal necrosis, cystic changes, and hemorrhage in the right kidney, accompanied by a slight increase of FDG uptake, was observed in FDG PET/CT. Malignant renal tumor was considered, and Wilms tumor was preferentially suspected. However, the mass was demonstrated as clear cell sarcoma of the kidney by histopathological examination.

Surgical management for massive rotator cuff tears: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Multiple surgical strategies have been developed for treating massive rotator cuff tears (mRCTs). However, there is still no consensus on the best surgical option for mRCTs. Through a network meta-analysis, we aimed to comprehensively and systematically analyse the evidence in randomized controlled trials to help clinicians make evidence-based clinical decisions for patients with mRCTs. Methods: Our study was a network meta-analysis of the surgical management of mRCTs (PROSPERO Registration ID: CRD42023397971). We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials that examined the efficacy of surgical management for mRCTs up to 3 November 2022. A three-step method was employed for the study process. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias evaluation were conducted by two independent reviewers. R software (version 4.2.1) and Stata (version 15.1) were used for the data analysis. Results: From 10,633 publications, we included 15 randomized controlled trials (996 participants) for the quantitative analysis. In terms of both long-term and short-term surgical effects, there were no statistically significant differences among surgical interventions such as patch-augmented rotator cuff repair (RCR), RCR with platelet-rich plasma, arthroscopic decompression, bridging reconstruction, arthroscopic RCR with platelet-leukocyte membrane, open RCR, mini-open RCR, arthroscopic debridement, superior capsular reconstruction, arthroscopic suture-spanning augmented repair, subacromial balloon spacer and latissimus dorsi tendon transfer. Based on algorithms, the probability ranking suggests that patch augmentation is the most highly ranked surgical intervention for achieving better short-term surgical outcomes. Furthermore, arthroscopic-associated mini-open RCR was ranked as the highest surgical intervention for achieving better long-term surgical effects. Conclusions: Based on the available data from the included studies, similar surgical efficacies were observed among the reported intervention measures for mRCTs. The patch augmentation technique was found to potentially achieve better short-term surgical outcomes, which is consistent with previous reports. However, the best surgical interventions for achieving long-term surgical effects remain unknown. More high-quality research is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these interventions and to guide clinical practice.

Deleting IP6K1 stabilizes neuronal sodium-potassium pumps and suppresses excitability.

Inositol pyrophosphates are key signaling molecules that regulate diverse neurobiological processes. We previously reported that the inositol pyrophosphate 5-InsP7, generated by inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 (IP6K1), governs the degradation of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) via an autoinhibitory domain of PI3K p85α. NKA is required for maintaining electrochemical gradients for proper neuronal firing. Here we characterized the electrophysiology of IP6K1 knockout (KO) neurons to further expand upon the functions of IP6K1-regulated control of NKA stability. We found that IP6K1 KO neurons have a lower frequency of action potentials and a specific deepening of the afterhyperpolarization phase. Our results demonstrate that deleting IP6K1 suppresses neuronal excitability, which is consistent with hyperpolarization due to an enrichment of NKA. Given that impaired NKA function contributes to the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases, including hyperexcitability in epilepsy, our findings may have therapeutic implications.

Metformin ameliorates mitochondrial damage induced by C9orf72 poly(GR) via upregulating AKT phosphorylation.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are devastating neurodegenerative diseases with no effective cure. GGGGCC repeat expansion in C9orf72 is the most common genetic cause of both ALS and FTD. A key pathological feature of C9orf72 related ALS/FTD is the presence of abnormal dipeptide repeat proteins translated from GGGGCC repeat expansion, including poly Glycine-Arginine (GR). In this study, we observed that (GR)50 conferred significant mitochondria damage and cytotoxicity. Metformin, the most widely used clinical drug, successfully relieved (GR)50 induced mitochondrial damage and inhibited (GR)50 related cytotoxicity. Further research revealed metformin effectively restored mitochondrial function by upregulating AKT phosphorylation in (GR)50 expressed cells. Taken together, our results indicated restoring mitochondrial function with metformin may be a rational therapeutic strategy to reduce poly(GR) toxicity in C9orf72 ALS/FTD patients.

Internal brace augmentation reconstruction versus standard anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomised controlled clinical trial study protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is one of the most common knee injuries in sports, and the gold standard for treating ACL rupture is tendon graft reconstruction. Internal brace technology is being used nowadays for ligament repair; however, more relevant in vivo clinical evidence is required for using internal brace technology in ACL reconstruction (ACLR). We conducted a randomised controlled trial to investigate the clinical efficacy of internal brace technology in ACLR. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This randomised, parallel-controlled trial included patients with ACL rupture who underwent inpatient surgery at the Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. Random number table method was used to assign the participants to either the test or the control group. The test group underwent ACLR using the internal brace technique, whereas the control group underwent standard ACLR. Uniform postoperative rehabilitation protocol was used for both the groups. Patient-reported outcomes included preoperative baseline and postoperative recovery at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. The primary outcome was International Knee Documentation Committee function from baseline (ACL rupture) to 6 months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included (1) other patient outcome reporting metrics, Lysholm knee score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and Visual Analog Scale; (2) the use of Kneelax3 knee stabiliser to assess knee stability; (3) occurrence of adverse events, such as graft refraction or symptomatic instability, postoperative infection and contralateral injury and (4) magnetic resonance images at 12 and 24 months after ACLR. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This trial was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Xiangya Hospital of Central South University on 26 October 2021. Data will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2200057526.

Research Trends of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Orthopedic Medical Practices: A Bibliometric and Visualized Study.

Background and Objectives: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), also known as self-report measures, are critical tools for evaluating health outcomes by gathering information directly from patients without external interpretation. There has been a growing trend in the number of publications focusing on PROMs in orthopedic-related research. This study aims to identify the most valuable publications, influential journals, leading researchers, and core countries in this field using bibliometric analysis, providing researchers with an understanding of the current state and future trends of PROMs in orthopedic research. Materials and Methods: All PROMs in orthopedic-related publications from 1991 to 2022 were obtained from the WoSCC database. R software (version 4.2.2), VOSviewer (version 1.6.17), and Microsoft Excel (version 2303) were used for the bibliometric and visual analysis. Results: A total of 2273 publication records were found from 1991 to 2022. The results indicated that the United States (US) has made significant contributions to orthopedic-related PROMs. The majority of active research institutions are located in the US. J ORTHOP RES has published the most articles. J BONE JOINT SURG AM has the highest total citations. Conclusions: Our study provides a valuable reference for further exploration of the application of PROMs in orthopedics. PROMs have emerged as an increasingly popular area of research within the field of orthopedics, both in clinical practice and academic research. We conducted a bibliometric analysis in terms of journals, authors, countries, and institutions in this field. Additionally, we analyzed the potentialities and advantages of using PROMs in orthopedic research. There is an increasing trend towards using network-based or short message service (SMS)-based electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs) in orthopedic medical practices. It is anticipated that the role of PROMs in psychological and mental health research and telemedicine will continue to grow in importance.

Research Trends and Foci in Osteoarthritis Pain from 2012 to 2022: Bibliometric and Visualization Study.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful and complex joint disease. The unique mechanisms and potential interventions of OA-induced pain have attracted researchers' attention in recent years. Bibliometric and visualization analysis is a comprehensive scientific method that integrates mathematical and statistical approaches to explore research priorities in a specific field. However, there are few studies on OA pain using bibliometric analysis. Purpose: This study aimed to explore research trends and hotspots in OA pain research field, offer practical guidance to researchers looking for top-notch scholars/institutions/countries, and provide suggestions for journal submissions by analyzing the existing literature. Methods: Raw data were extracted from Web of Science Core Collection. Microsoft Excel, the R package "bibliometrix", VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used to analyze data and visualize relevant results. Results: A total of 2493 articles were included for further bibliometric and visualization analysis. During the investigated period, 2021 with 343 publications was the most productive year. Fillingim, Roger B. and Bennell, Kim L. with 32 articles were the most productive authors. Most publications were from the USA (797 articles, 20,727 citations). Rehabilitation and treatment of OA pain were the hotspots in OA pain research area. The top-contributing journal was Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Boston University (91 articles; 4050 citations) was the most active institution. Conclusion: The total publications of OA pain generally increasing over the time in the last decade, and the escalating rate remained a high level. This is the first comprehensive bibliometric study in OA pain research field, and it will offer practical guidance to researchers in this field.

Trends and hotspots of publications on ferroptosis: A 10 Year overview.

Background: Ferroptosis was proposed to be a type of programmed cell death in 2012. Ferroptosis plays a significant role in a variety of illnesses. Objective: To better understand the direction of future research, we performed a bibliometric analysis to identify research hotspots with a focus on ferroptosis. Methods: The search terms [TI = "ferroptosis" OR ("GSH" AND "GPX4") OR "lipid peroxidation" OR "iron homeostasis" OR "iron metabolism"] AND [PY = "2012-2022"] AND [DT = "Article OR Review"] AND [LA = "English"] were used to retrieve publications related to ferroptosis for a bibliometric analysis. We utilized Microsoft Excel to calculate the frequency and proportion of the published articles, VOSviewer to perform a co-occurrence analysis and for visualizing the data, CiteSpace to obtain a timeline of keywords and institutions, and RStudio to calculate citation metrics. As indicated by the analysis, indicators such as the number of publications, the most productive authors and coauthorship status, the distribution of publications by country, favoured journals, the most influential institutions and the most frequently cited documents are reported in this article. Results: A total of 8009 publications were retrieved from the WOS core collection, and 197 papers published in 2023 were removed from this analysis. The remaining 7812 papers, which included 118 in the WOS collection, were incorporated into the bibliometric study. Conclusion: The number of annual scientific publications on ferroptosis have been increasing each year. The academic communities represented by Tang, Daolin, Stockwell, Brent R., Wang, Fudi, and Conrad, Marcus were the most authoritative. China, USA, and Germany were the front-runners in the field of ferroptosis. Free Radical Biology and Medicine was the largest contributor of ferroptosis-related research, and Cell and Nature were the most influential journals to publish articles on ferroptosis. Columbia Univ and Univ Pittsburgh were the institutions that received the most attention. Recent research on ferroptosis has been focused on molecular mechanisms, particularly those in the contexts of various diseases, which will be a hotspot of future research. In addition, interdisciplinary ferroptosis and big-data research is expected to be a new frontier.

Autophagy in sarcopenia: Possible mechanisms and novel therapies.

With global population aging, age-related diseases, especially sarcopenia, have attracted much attention in recent years. Characterized by low muscle strength, low muscle quantity or quality and low physical performance, sarcopenia is one of the major factors associated with an increased risk of falls and disability. Much effort has been made to understand the cellular biological and physiological mechanisms underlying sarcopenia. Autophagy is an important cellular self-protection mechanism that relies on lysosomes to degrade misfolded proteins and damaged organelles. Research designed to obtain new insight into human diseases from the autophagic aspect has been carried out and has made new progress, which encourages relevant studies on the relationship between autophagy and sarcopenia. Autophagy plays a protective role in sarcopenia by modulating the regenerative capability of satellite cells, relieving oxidative stress and suppressing the inflammatory response. This review aims to reveal the specific interaction between sarcopenia and autophagy and explore possible therapies in hopes of encouraging more specific research in need and unlocking novel promising therapies to ameliorate sarcopenia.

HHEX suppresses advanced thyroid cancer by interacting with TLE3.

Haematopoietically Expressed Homeobox (HHEX) gene is highly expressed in the thyroid gland and plays critical roles in the development and differentiation of the thyroid gland. While it has been indicated to be downregulated in thyroid cancer, its function and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Herein, we observed low expression and aberrant cytoplasmic localization of HHEX in thyroid cancer cell lines. Knockdown of HHEX significantly enhanced cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while overexpression of HHEX showed the opposite effects in vitro and in vivo. These data provide evidence that HHEX is a tumor suppressor in thyroid cancer. Additionally, our results showed that HHEX overexpression upregulated the expression of sodium iodine symporter (NIS) mRNA and also enhanced NIS promoter activity, suggesting a favorable effect of HHEX in promoting thyroid cancer differentiation. Mechanistically, HHEX exerted a regulatory effect on the expression of transducin-like enhancer of split 3 (TLE3) protein, which inhibited the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. Nuclear localized HHEX bound to and upregulated TLE3 expression by preventing TLE3 protein from being distributed to the cytoplasm and being ubiquitinated. In conclusion, our study suggested that restoring HHEX expression has the potential to be a new strategy in the treatment of advanced thyroid cancer.

The effect of hamstring donor-site block for functional outcomes and rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Purpose: To determine the effect of local infiltration anesthesia (LIA) at the donor site combined with a femoral nerve block (FNB) on short-term postoperative pain, functional outcomes, and rehabilitation after arthroscopic hamstring tendon autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods: This study was a single center, randomized controlled trial. Seventy-three subjects with ACL rupture were enrolled. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups, 47 in the experimental group (Group A) and 26 in the control group (Group B). All operations were performed under FNB. In Group A, 10 ml of 1% ropivacaine was injected precisely at the hamstring donor site. Patients in Group B were treated with the same amount of saline. Preoperatively and postoperatively, pain scores based on the numerical rating scale (NRS) and consumption of opioids were recorded. In addition, knee functions were assessed by the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC), the Lysholm score, and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 and 3 months. In addition, we applied the KNEELAX3 arthrometer to evaluate the stability of the knee preoperatively and postoperatively so that subjective and objective knee conditions were obtained to help us assess knee recovery in a comprehensive manner. Results: The hamstring donor-site block reduced pain within the first 12 postoperative hours. There were no significant differences between two groups in pain intensity preoperatively and equal to or greater than 24 hours postoperatively. Furthermore, there were no differences between the groups concerning knee functions preoperatively or in the short-term follow-up at 1 and 3 months. Conclusion: LIA at the donor site can effectively improve the early postoperative pain of patients after ACLR and reduce the use of opioids without affecting the functional outcomes of the surgery.

A Retrospective Study of the Perioperative Period Management of Joint Arthroplasty in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

OBJECTIVE: With the rising prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the increasing demand for joint arthroplasty, the management of CKD patients in the perioperative period of joint arthroplasty has become an issue worthy of attention for orthopedic surgeons. This study aimed to explore comprehensive perioperative period management strategies for CKD patients. METHODS: From March 2017 to August 2022, 62 patients who underwent joint arthroplasty in our hospital were included in a retrospective study, including 31 CKD patients (mean age 69.8 ± 13.4 years old) and 31 non-CKD patients (mean age 69.4 ± 14.2 years old). The outcome indicators were analyzed, including serum urea, serum creatinine, blood uric acid, hematocrit, and hemoglobin. RESULTS: All patients included in the retrospective study had an average preoperative preparation time of 4.3 ± 2.6 days and an average hospitalization time of 11.0 ± 7.3 days. There were no significant differences in the changes in the serum urea values between the preoperative and postoperative measurements in the CKD patients or in the serum creatinine values and blood uric acid values (P > 0.05). The hemoglobin value in postoperative measurements was lower than in preoperative measurements in the CKD patients (P < 0.05). The hematocrit value in postoperative measurements was lower than in preoperative measurements in the CKD patients (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Patients with CKD have distinct characteristics compared to non-CKD patients, and they generally have a higher risk for postoperative complications and adverse events. Recognition of risk factors, suitable timing of surgery, the undertaking of protective strategies, and proper management of complications are vital for managing CKD patients in the perioperative period of joint arthroplasty.

Metformin Prevents or Delays the Development and Progression of Osteoarthritis: New Insight and Mechanism of Action.

For over 60 years, metformin has been widely prescribed by physicians to treat type 2 diabetes. Along with more in-depth research on metformin and its molecular mechanism in recent decades, metformin has also been proposed as an effective drug to prevent or delay musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoarthritis (OA). The occurrence and development of OA are deemed to be associated with the impaired mitochondrial functions of articular chondrocytes. Metformin can activate the pathways and expressions of both AMPK and SIRT1 so as to protect the mitochondrial function of chondrocytes, thereby promoting osteoblast production. Moreover, the clinical significance of the metformin combination therapy in preventing OA has also been demonstrated. This review aimed to comprehensively summarize the current research progress on metformin as a proposed drug for OA prevention or treatment.

Arthroscopic therapy of rotator cuff diseases: A bibliometric study of the past 2 decades (2002-2021).

Purpose: Rotator cuff diseases, as a common cause of shoulder pain and disability, have seriously affected the patients' daily life. Rotator cuff repair techniques have been a hot topic in the arthroscopic therapy field. Our study was to use bibliometrics analysis to clarify the current status and research trends in the field of arthroscopic therapy of rotator cuff diseases. Methods: The publications relating to arthroscopic therapy of rotator cuff diseases published from 2001 to 2021 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. The R software and VOSviewer software were used for the cross-sectional bibliometric and scientometric analysis. Results: A total of 4,567 publications about arthroscopic therapy of rotator cuff diseases published between 2002 and 2021 retrieved from the WoSCC database were analyzed in our study. The results showed that the United States made the largest contribution to this field. The most relevant institutions were Seoul National University, Rush University, and Hospital for Special Surgery. Stephen S Burkhart was the most relevant researcher in this field with the largest number of publications, as well as the highest H-index and G-index. The journal ARTHROSCOPY contributed the largest number of publications in the past 2 decades. Considering the H-index and G-index, ARTHROSCOPY was also the journal with the largest impact in this field. Conclusions: Arthroscopic Therapy of Rotator Cuff Diseases Related research presented a rising trend in the past 2 decades. The United States can be regarded as the leader because of its huge contributions to this field. The journal ARTHROSCOPY published the largest number of publications in this field. It can be predicted that research about advanced arthroscopic techniques and postoperative pain management of patients with rotator cuff diseases will be the next research hotspots in the following years.

Resistance training and Urtica dioica increase neurotrophin levels and improve cognitive function by increasing age in the hippocampus of rats.

INTRODUCTION: Inflammation and oxidative stress are two major factors in accelerating brain aging. Consumption of some traditional herbs with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties such as Urtica dioica extract (Ud) and resistance training (RT) may be effective in controlling premature aging and memory impairment. Therefore, we hypothesized that the combined effect of RT and Ud might play an essential role in preventing memory disorders and hippocampal tissue changes caused by increasing age in rats. METHODS: 28 male Wistar rats (24-week) were divided into 4-groups (n = 7): control (C), Ud, RT, and Ud+RT. RT groups were trained for five weeks, and Ud extract in the 0.0166 w/v concentration (50 mg/kg, oral/daily) was administered. We also examined the effects of RT and Ud on the behavioral (memory and learning), histological (the morphological changes in the dentate gyrus), and transcript aspects of hippocampal tissue. RESULTS: Aging led to karyopyknosis in the hippocampal tissue, which was alleviated by RT and Ud supplementation. RT and Ud were accompanied by increased GPx, GSH, GAP-43, and decreased CAP-1 levels in the hippocampus. Moreover, RT and Ud led to increased NGF, BDNF, and GAP-43 levels, decreased MDA, and protection of hippocampal tissue from karyopyknosis, which was associated with cognitive improvement. However, these interventions had no significant effect on the hippocampal levels of IL-1ß, SOD, and CAT. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that increasing age decreases hippocampal NGF, BDNF, and GAP-43 levels and impairs cognition, which may be reversed by regular RT and Ud extract.

Pyroptosis and Sarcopenia: Frontier Perspective of Disease Mechanism.

With global ageing, sarcopenia, as an age-related disease, has brought a heavy burden to individuals and society. Increasing attention has been given to further exploring the morbidity mechanism and intervention measures for sarcopenia. Pyroptosis, also known as cellular inflammatory necrosis, is a kind of regulated cell death that plays a role in the ageing progress at the cellular level. It is closely related to age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, osteoarthritis, and sarcopenia. In the process of ageing, aggravated oxidative stress and poor skeletal muscle perfusion in ageing muscle tissues can activate the nod-like receptor (NLRP) family to trigger pyroptosis. Chronic inflammation is a representative characteristic of ageing. The levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α may activate the signaling pathways of pyroptosis by the NF-κB-GSDMD axis, which remains to be further studied. Autophagy is a protective mechanism in maintaining the integrity of intracellular organelles and the survival of cells in adverse conditions. The autophagy of skeletal muscle cells can inhibit the activation of the pyroptosis pathway to some extent. A profound understanding of the mechanism of pyroptosis in sarcopenia may help to identify new therapeutic targets in the future. This review article focuses on the role of pyroptosis in the development and progression of sarcopenia.

Publication Trends for Sarcopenia in the World: A 20-Year Bibliometric Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia, an age-related degenerative disease, seriously affects the health and quality of life of the elder. The research of sarcopenia has changed dramatically around the world. This article aims to analyze global trends in this field over the past 20 years. METHODS: "Sarcopenia" was used as the search term to retrieve relevant publications from the WOS and PubMed databases. Co-occurrence, literature coupling, co-citation, and co-author analysis were performed by using the software VOS viewer. We analyzed the trends of sarcopenia research over the last 20 years from different aspects, such as the number of papers, total citations, average citations per item, h-index, research area, article types, institutions, country, journals, and funding. RESULTS: We retrieved 13,421 research articles published on sarcopenia between 2001 and 2020. The results showed that the USA made the highest contributions to this field. Geriatrics gerontology is the most study classification of sarcopenia. Basic research on sarcopenia in geriatric gerontology accounts for approximately 16.496% of global publications. The Osteoporosis International published the largest number of sarcopenia-related studies. The United States Department of Health Human Services was the leading funding organization, which sponsored 1,604 articles. CONCLUSION: Global sarcopenia research increased rapidly from 2001 to 2020, especially recently. The research leader of sarcopenia is the USA. In the future, the study of sarcopenia will continue to focus on aging, nutrition, and exercise and will delve deeper into molecular mechanisms. On the other hand, revealing the link between sarcopenia and other diseases will be the next research hotspot.