[Development of auxiliary early predicting model for human brucellosis using machine learning algorithm].

Using machine learning algorithms to construct an early prediction model of brucellosis to improve the diagnosis efficiency of Brucellosis. This study was a case-control study. 2 381 brucellosis patients from Beijing Ditan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were retrospectively collected as case group, and healthy people from Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were collected as control group from May 9, 2011 to November 29, 2021. The relevant clinical information and full blood count results of 13 257 data were collected and five algorithms of machine learning were used to construct an early predication model of brucellosis by using machine learning: random forest, Naive Bayes, decision tree, logistic regression and support vector machine;14 074 data (2 143 cases incase group and 11 931 cases in control group) were used to establish the early predication model of brucellosis, and 1 564 (238 cases in case group and 1 326 cases in control group) data were used to test the predication efficiency of the brucellosis model. The results showed that the support vector machine algorithm has the best predication performance by comparing the five machine learning models. The area under receiver curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was 0.991, and the accuracy, precision, specificity and Recall were 95.6%, 95.5%, 95.4% and 95.9%, respectively. Based on the SHAP plot, platelet distribution width (PDW) and basophil relative value (BASO%) results were low, and men with high coefficient of variation (R-CV), erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and platelet volume (MPV) were predicted to be at high risk of brucellosis. Platelet distribution width (PDW) contributed the most to the prediction model, followed by red blood cell distribution width coefficient of variation (R-CV). In conclusion, the establishment of a high-precision early predication method of brucellosis based on machine learning may be of great significance for the early detection and treatment of brucellosis patients.

[Effects of three-dimensional bioprinting antibacterial hydrogel on full-thickness skin defect wounds in rats].

Objective: To explore the effects of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) hydrogel loaded with nano silver on full-thickness skin defect wounds in rats. Methods: The experimental research method was adopted. The morphology, particle diameter, and distribution of silver nanoparticles in nano silver solution with different mass concentrations and the pore structure of silver-containing GelMA hydrogel with different final mass fractions of GelMA were observed by scanning electron microscope and the pore size was calculated. On treatment day 1, 3, 7, and 14, the concentration of nano silver released from the hydrogel containing GelMA with final mass fraction of 15% and nano silver with final mass concentration of 10 mg/L was detected by mass spectrometer. At 24 h of culture, the diameters of inhibition zone of GelMA hydrogel containing final mass concentration of 0 (no nano silver), 25, 50, and 100 mg/L nano silver against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were detected. Fibroblasts (Fbs) and adipose stem cells (ASCs) were isolated respectively by enzymatic digestion using the discarded prepuce after circumcision from a 5-year-old healthy boy who was treated in the Department of Urology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine in July 2020, and the discarded fat tissue after liposuction from a 23-year-old healthy woman who was treated in the Department of Plastic Surgery of the Hospital in July 2020. The Fbs were divided into blank control group (culture medium only), 2 mg/L nano sliver group, 5 mg/L nano sliver group, 10 mg/L nano sliver group, 25 mg/L nano sliver group, and 50 mg/L nano sliver group, which were added with the corresponding final mass concentrations of nano sliver solution, respectively. At 48 h of culture, the Fb proliferation viability was detected by cell counting kit 8 method. The Fbs were divided into 0 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group, 10 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group, 50 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group, and 100 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group and then were correspondingly treated. On culture day 1, 3, and 7, the Fb proliferation viability was detected as before. The ASCs were mixed into GelMA hydrogel and divided into 3D bioprinting group and non-printing group. On culture day 1, 3, and 7, the ASC proliferation viability was detected as before and cell growth was observed by live/dead cell fluorescence staining. The sample numbers in the above experiments were all 3. Four full-thickness skin defect wounds were produced on the back of 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4 to 6 weeks. The wounds were divided into hydrogel alone group, hydrogel/nano sliver group, hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver group, and hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group, and transplanted with the corresponding scaffolds, respectively. On post injury day (PID) 4, 7, 14, and 21, the wound healing was observed and the wound healing rate was calculated (n=6). On PID 7 and 14, histopathological changes of wounds were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining (n=6). On PID 21, collagen deposition of wounds was observed by Masson staining (n=3). Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, analysis of variance for repeated measurement, Bonferroni correction, and independent sample t test. Results: The sliver nano particles in nano silver solution with different mass concentrations were all round, in scattered distribution and uniform in size. The silver-containing GelMA hydrogels with different final mass fractions of GelMA all showed pore structures of different sizes and interconnections. The pore size of silver-containing GelMA hydrogel with 10% final mass fraction was significantly larger than that of silver-containing GelMA hydrogels with 15% and 20% final mass fractions (with P values both below 0.05). On treatment day 1, 3, and 7, the concentration of nano silver released from silver-containing GelMA hydrogel in vitro showed a relatively flat trend. On treatment day 14, the concentration of released nano silver in vitro increased rapidly. At 24 h of culture, the diameters of inhibition zone of GelMA hydrogel containing 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L nano silver against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were 0, 0, 0.7, and 2.1 mm and 0, 1.4, 3.2, and 3.3 mm, respectively. At 48 h of culture, the proliferation activity of Fbs in 2 mg/L nano silver group and 5 mg/L nano silver group was both significantly higher than that in blank control group (P<0.05), and the proliferation activity of Fbs in 10 mg/L nano silver group, 25 mg/L nano silver group, and 50 mg/L nano silver group was all significantly lower than that in blank control group (P<0.05). Compared with the that of Fbs in 0 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group, the proliferation activity of Fbs in 50 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group and 100 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group was all significantly decreased on culture day 1 (P<0.05); the proliferation activity of Fbs in 50 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the proliferation activity of Fbs in 100 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group was significantly decreased on culture day 3 (P<0.05); the proliferation activity of Fbs in 100 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group was significantly decreased on culture day 7 (P<0.05). The proliferation activity of ASCs in 3D bioprinting group show no statistically significant differences to that in non-printing group on culture day 1 (P>0.05). The proliferation activity of ASCs in 3D bioprinting group was significantly higher than that in non-printing group on culture day 3 and 7 (with t values of 21.50 and 12.95, respectively, P<0.05). On culture day 1, the number of dead ASCs in 3D bioprinting group was slightly more than that in non-printing group. On culture day 3 and 5, the majority of ASCs in 3D bioprinting group and non-printing group were living cells. On PID 4, the wounds of rats in hydrogel alone group and hydrogel/nano sliver group had more exudation, and the wounds of rats in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver group and hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group were dry without obvious signs of infection. On PID 7, there was still a small amount of exudation on the wounds of rats in hydrogel alone group and hydrogel/nano sliver group, while the wounds of rats in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver group and hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group were dry and scabbed. On PID 14, the hydrogels on the wound surface of rats in the four groups all fell off. On PID 21, a small area of wounds remained unhealed in hydrogel alone group. On PID 4 and 7, the wound healing rates of rats in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group were significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P<0.05). On PID 14, the wound healing rate of rats in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group was significantly higher than the wound healing rates in hydrogel alone group and hydrogel/nano sliver group (all P<0.05). On PID 21, the wound healing rate of rats in hydrogel alone group was significantly lower than that in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group (P<0.05). On PID 7, the hydrogels on the wound surface of rats in the four groups remained in place; on PID 14, the hydrogel in hydrogel alone group was separated from the wounds of rats, while some hydrogels still existed in the new tissue of the wounds of rats in the other three groups. On PID 21, the collagen arrangement in the wounds of rats in hydrogel alone group was out of order, while the collagen arrangement in the wounds of rats in hydrogel/nano sliver group, and hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group was relatively orderly. Conclusions: Silver-containing GelMA hydrogel has good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. Its three-dimensional bioprinted double-layer structure can better integrate with new formed tissue in the full-thickness skin defect wounds in rats and promote wound healing.

MiR-1269a acts as an onco-miRNA in non-small cell lung cancer via down-regulating SOX6.

The article "MiR-1269a acts as an onco-miRNA in non-small cell lung cancer via down-regulating SOX6, by R.-H. Jin, D.-J. Yu, M. Zhong, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2018; 22 (15): 4888-4897- DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201808_15625-PMID: 30070324" has been withdrawn from the authors to some technical reasons (there are some errors and incorrect data). The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/15625.

[Emergency laboratory construction and reflection in infectious hospital under the epidemic situation].

Emerging infectious diseases are a common type of public health emergencies, which occur frequently around the world in recent years, seriously threatening the safety of human life and property. In the process of dealing with epidemic situation, medical laboratories have played an important role in disease diagnosis, treatment, efficacy evaluation and prognosis judgment and so on. Beijing Youan Hospital, as the designated hospital of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has set up an emergency laboratory in the capital for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 by carrying out routine tests and virus nucleic acid tests, it provides timely and effective evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. To provide ideas and references for the building of the Emergency Laboratory in infectious hospitals. This article discuss how to set up an independent emergency laboratory efficiently, strengthen the cooperation with the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, make the best use of all resources, and share the enlightenment gained in the process of construction.

Long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) promotes glioblastoma multiforme progression via regulating miR-1301-3p/TMBIM6 axis.

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) could regulate glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) progression via microRNA-1301-3p (miR-1301-3p) and transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing 6 (TMBIM6) axis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression patterns of PVT1 and RMBIM6 in GBM patients were analyzed using GEPIA, an online gene expression analysis tool. Levels of PVT1 in GBM cells and normal cells were analyzed with quantitative real-time PCR method. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), transwell invasion assay, and flow cytometry assay were applied to detect cell viability and apoptosis. Connections of PVT1 or TMBIM6 with miR-1301-3p were validated with bioinformatic tool and luciferase activity reporter assay. RESULTS: PVT1 was significantly expressed in GBM tissues and cells. PVT1 promotes GBM cell proliferation and invasion but inhibits apoptosis in vitro. TMBIM6 was significantly expressed in GBM tissues. The knockdown of TMBIM6 reversed the stimulation effects of PVT1 on GBM cell malignancy behaviors with miR-1301-3p as a bridge. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, we showed PVT1 elevated TMBIM6 expression mediated by miR-1301-3p and thus to promote GBM progression.

[Effect and mechanism of astaxanthin on acute kidney injury in rats with full-thickness burns].

Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of astaxanthin on acute kidney injury in rats with full-thickness burns. Methods: Forty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats of 8 to 10 weeks were divided into sham injury group, simple burn group, burn+ vehicle group, burn+ low-dose astaxanthin group, burn+ medium-dose astaxanthin group, and burn+ high-dose astaxanthin group according to the random number table, with 8 rats in each group. The back skin of rats in sham injury group were immersed in warm water of 20 ℃ for 15 s to simulate burn injury, and the back skin of rats in the other 5 groups were immersed in boiled water of 100 ℃ for 15 s to inflict full-thickness burn of 30% total body surface area. Fluid resuscitation was performed in rats in the 5 groups except of sham injury group immediately and 6 h after injury. At 30 min after injury, the rats in sham injury group and simple burn group were injected with 1 mL/kg normal saline via tail vein, rats in burn+ vehicle group were injected with 1 mL/kg astaxanthin solvent via tail vein, and rats in burn+ low-dose astaxanthin group, burn+ medium-dose astaxanthin group, and burn+ high-dose astaxanthin group were respectively injected with 5, 10, 20 mg/kg astaxanthin solution of 5, 10, 20 mg/mL via tail vein. The renal tissue was collected at post injury hour (PIH) 48, and hematoxylin eosin staining was used for histopathological observation and renal tubular injury score. At PIH 48, the venous blood was collected for detecting serum creatinine level through blood biochemical analyzer, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The renal tissue was collected to detect the mRNA expressions of myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and IL-6 by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method, and the protein expressions of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-кB) p65, and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were detected by Western blotting. Besides, the expression of HO-1 in renal tissue was detected by immunofluorescence method. Data were statistically analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis H test, Dunn-Sidák correction, one-way analysis of variance, and Bonferroni method. Results: (1) At PIH 48, there were no inflammatory cell infiltrating and degeneration or necrosis of cells in renal tissue of rats in sham injury group, and the structure of renal tubules was intact. The renal tubules of burn rats in each group showed injury manifestation of separation between epithelial cell and basement membrane, and vacuole cells and lysate protein aggregation. The injury degree of renal tissue of rats in burn+ high-dose astaxanthin group was obviously decreased compared with that in simple burn group. (2) At PIH 48, compared with that of sham injury group, the renal tubular damage scores of rats in simple burn group, burn+ vehicle group, burn+ low-dose astaxanthin group, and burn+ medium-dose astaxanthin group were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with those of simple burn group and burn+ vehicle group, the renal tubular damage scores of rats in burn+ medium-dose astaxanthin group and burn+ high-dose astaxanthin group were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with that of burn+ low-dose astaxanthin group, the renal tubular damage score of rats in burn+ high-dose astaxanthin group was significantly decreased (P<0.01). (3) At PIH 48, the level of serum creatinine of rats in sham injury group was (2.42±0.06) mg/L, which was significantly lower than (6.11±0.11), (6.48±0.08), (5.79±0.09), (4.03±0.12) mg/L of simple burn group, burn+ vehicle group, burn+ low-dose astaxanthin group, and burn+ medium-dose astaxanthin group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The level of BUN of rats was (21.9±1.3) mmol/L in sham injury group, significantly lower than (32.1±7.4) mmol/L of simple burn group and (30.2±4.8) mmol/L of burn+ vehicle group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). At PIH 48, compared with those of simple burn group and burn+ vehicle group, the levels of serum creatinine and BUN of (16.0±2.9) mmol/L in burn+ medium-dose astaxanthin group, serum creatinine of (3.02±0.08) mg/L and BUN of (14.5±2.9) mmol/L in burn+ high-dose astaxanthin group, and serum creatinine of (22.8±5.5) mmol/L of rats in burn+ low-dose astaxanthin group were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). At PIH 48, compared with those of burn+ low-dose astaxanthin group, the levels of serum creatinine and BUN of burn+ high-dose astaxanthin group and serum creatinine of burn+ medium-dose group were obviously decreased (P<0.05 or P< 0.01). (4) At PIH 48, compared with those of sham injury group, the mRNA expressions of MPO, IL-1ß, and IL-6 in renal tissue of rats in simple burn group, burn+ vehicle group, burn+ low-dose astaxanthin group, and burn+ medium dose astaxanthin group, and the mRNA expressions of IL-1ß and IL-6 in renal tissue of rats in burn+ high-dose astaxanthin group were obviously increased (P<0.01). Compared with those of simple burn group and burn+ vehicle group, the mRNA expressions of MPO, IL-1ß, and IL-6 in renal tissue of rats were significantly decreased in burn+ low-dose astaxanthin group, burn+ medium-dose astaxanthin group, and burn+ high-dose astaxanthin group (P<0.01). Compared with those of burn+ low-dose astaxanthin group, the mRNA expressions of MPO, IL-1ß, and IL-6 in renal tissue of rats were significantly decreased in burn+ medium-dose astaxanthin group and burn+ high-dose astaxanthin group (P<0.01). The mRNA expressions of MPO, IL-1ß, and IL-6 in renal tissue of rats in burn+ high-dose astaxanthin group were significantly decreased compared with those of burn+ medium-dose astaxanthin group (P<0.01). (5) At PIH 48 h, compared with those of sham injury group, the protein expressions of TLR4 and p-NF-кB p65 in renal tissue of rats in simple burn group, burn+ vehicle group, burn+ low-dose astaxanthin group, and burn+ high-dose astaxanthin group were obviously increased (P<0.01). Compared with those of simple burn group, the protein expressions of TLR4 and p-NF-кB p65 in renal tissue of rats in burn+ low-dose astaxanthin group, burn+ medium dose astaxanthin group, and burn+ high-dose astaxanthin group were significantly decreased (P<0.01). (6) The results of Western blotting combined with immunofluorescence method showed that compared with that of sham injury group, the protein expression of HO-1 in renal tissue of rats in burn+ vehicle group, burn+ low-dose astaxanthin group, burn+ medium-dose astaxanthin group, and burn+ high-dose astaxanthin group were significantly increased at PIH 48 (P<0.01), and the protein expression of HO-1 in renal tissue of rats in burn+ medium-dose astaxanthin group and burn+ high-dose astaxanthin group was significantly increased compared with that of simple burn group (P<0.01). Conclusions: Astaxanthin can attenuate the structural damage and functional decline of renal tissue and regulate the release of injury-related inflammatory factors, thus to protect the rats from acute kidney injury after burn. The HO-1/TLR4/NF-кB signaling pathway is the main regulatory mechanism of astaxanthin to achieve anti-inflammation-based renoprotection.

MiR-1269a acts as an onco-miRNA in non-small cell lung cancer via down-regulating SOX6.

OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), remains one of the leading death-causing malignant tumors worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to participate in the development and progression of NSCLC. However, the role of miR-1269a in NSCLC still needs to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the function of miR-1269a in NSCLC and its underlying mechanism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was utilized to measure the expression level of miR-1269a in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. After transfection with miR-1269a mimics or inhibitors, the expression level of miR-1269a in NSCLC was up- or down-regulated. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay were used to measure cell proliferation ability. Flow cytometry assay was applied to verify the cell cycle distributions of established cell lines. The potential target of miR-1269a was determined by using dual-luciferase and Western blot assays. RESULTS: miR-1269a was significantly over-expressed in NSCLC tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues. The expression of miR-1269a was also up-regulated in NSCLC-derived cell lines. Up-regulation of miR-1269a improved the abilities of cell proliferation, colony formation, and induced cell cycle transition. Meanwhile, down-regulation of miR-1269a decreased the capacities of cell proliferation, colony formation, and arrested the cell cycle. It was further implicated that SOX6 was verified as a target of miR-1269a in NSCLC and over-expressed SOX6 could rescue the effect of miR-1269a up-regulation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that miR-1299a could function as an onco-miRNA in NSCLC and promote NSCLC growth via down-regulating the expression of SOX6.

[Analysis on on-site rescue and traumatic features of victims involved in gas explosion accident in Hangzhou].

Objective: To investigate the situations of on-site rescue and traumatic features of victims involved in gas explosion accident in Hangzhou, so as to provide more data support for emergency medical rescues of the similar incidents of massive casualty. Methods: Two medical workers with a certain clinical experience were sent to Hangzhou 120 emergency medical centers to collect data of the on-site rescue on 21st July, 2017, including ambulance call-outs, on-site command and traffic conditions, and on-site triage and evacuation of the victims. They were then sent to the hospitals receiving the victims to investigate the situations of these victims including the general information (such as gender, age, admitted hospitals, and number of admission, discharge, and transferring in the first two weeks after the accident) and injury assessment [such as injury position and type, injury severity evaluation by New Injury Severity Scoring (NISS), and burn severity evaluation for victims with burns]. Results: (1) A total of 15 ambulances reached the accident site for rescue. The traffic and transportation were jammed and interrupted after this accident. On-site triage and distribution were disorderly conducted. (2) Clinical data of 53 victims were collected, including 24 males and 29 females, with the age of 8 to 70 (34±14) years old. They were sent into 6 hospitals in Hangzhou. Two victims died on the day of accident. Up to two weeks after this accident, 28 (52.8%) victims were discharged from the hospitals and received follow-up in outpatient department. Five victims with severe injuries were transferred to the other hospitals. (3) Based on the results of NISS, the injury severities were mild in 29 (54.7%) cases, moderate in 9 (17.0%) cases, serious in 3 (5.7%) cases, and severe in 12 (22.6%) cases. Those 2 dead victims were classified into the severe category due to the highest NISS score of 75. For all of the victims, skin and soft tissue defects were most common. Six (11.3%) victims were combined with burns. According to the classification of burn severity, there were one case of mild, one case of serious, and 4 cases of severe. Conclusions: The gas explosion accident in Hangzhou caused massive casualties with complex injuries. The local emergency medical rescue responded quickly, but during the rescue process, lots of aspects should be further improved.