Autogenous teeth used for bone grafting: a comparison with traditional grafting materials.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the surface structures and physicochemical characteristics of a novel autogenous tooth bone graft material currently in clinical use. STUDY DESIGN: The material's surface structure was compared with a variety of other bone graft materials via scanning electron microscope (SEM). The crystalline structure of the autogenous tooth bone graft material from the crown (AutoBT crown) and root (AutoBT root), xenograft (BioOss), alloplastic material (MBCP), allograft (ICB), and autogenous mandibular cortical bone were compared using x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The solubility of each material was measured with the Ca/P dissolution test. RESULTS: The results of the SEM analysis showed that the pattern associated with AutoBT was similar to that from autogenous cortical bones. In the XRD analysis, AutoBT root and allograft showed a low crystalline structure similar to that of autogenous cortical bones. In the CaP dissolution test, the amount of calcium and phosphorus dissolution in AutoBT was significant from the beginning, while displaying a pattern similar to that of autogenous cortical bones. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, autogenous tooth bone graft materials can be considered to have physicochemical characteristics similar to those of autogenous bones.

Enhanced attachment of human osteoblasts on NH3-treated poly(L-lactic acid) membranes for guided bone regeneration.

Barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR) were prepared by a solvent casting method using solutions of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and chitosan. PLLA and PLLA/chitosan membranes were treated with ammonia gas plasma. PLLA/chitosan membranes were successfully fabricated, and the surface of the PLLA/chitosan membrane was clearly modified by NH3 plasma treatment according to attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Additionally, water contact angle testing indicated that the hydrophilicity of these membranes was significantly increased. MG-63 cells were cultured on each type of membrane, and cell viability was examined using an MTT assay. After one week of culturing, MG-63 cells were more abundant on PLLA/chitosan membranes than on PLLA membranes. The cell viability of PLLA/chitosan membranes with plasma treatment was significantly higher than that of PLLA membranes. These results suggest that this plasma-treated membrane is suitable for GBR and is a promising source of bioactive membrane material for bone regeneration.

A comparative study of bone formation following grafting with different ratios of particle dentin and tricalcium phosphate combinations.

This study aimed to evaluate the bone regeneration relative to tooth powder and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) mixing ratios using the rabbit cranium defect model. The tooth powder was mixed with TCP in 1:1, 3:1, and 1:3 ratios, and the different ratios were implanted in the rabbit cranium defect for 4 and 8 weeks. Powders crystal structure evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and new bone formation (NBF) was analyzed using micro-computed tomography (CT) and histologic examination. NBF in the control group was restricted to the defect margins. More NBF was observed around the defect margins in the experimental groups compared with the control group. Specifically, active NBF was identified around the implant materials of the centrifugal part of the defect and defect margins in the 3:1 tooth powder: TCP group. Our results suggested that tooth powder and TCP may be useful in bone regeneration.

Development and structure of a novel barrier membrane composed of drug-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles for guided bone regeneration.

A novel barrier membrane composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles loaded with dexamethasone (DEX) as a bioactive molecule was produced via a modified nanoprecipitation method without any mixing. The particle membranes had a bilayer structure: one side was smooth and had a compact surface that was connected to larger particles, while the opposite side was rough, porous and connected to smaller particles. Additionally, a cross-section of the particle membrane had a porous structure with nano and micro sized irregular pores. Process optimization revealed that NaCl concentration in the water phase, with acetone as solvent and water as a non-solvent, played critical roles in determining the properties of the particle membranes, such as DEX encapsulation efficiency, thickness and surface morphologies of the particle membranes. A novel barrier membrane containing DEX using polymer particle drug capture technology has been successfully developed.

Analysis of the inorganic component of autogenous tooth bone graft material.

This study was performed to identify the calcium phosphate minerals, chemical element and Ca/P ratio and to examine the surface structure of autogenous tooth bone grafting material (AutoBT) which recently developed and applied clinically as a bone graft materials. The analytical results showed that AutoBT is composed of low-crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) and possibly other calcium phosphate minerals, which is similar to the minerals of human bone tissues. And the dental crown portion was composed of high-crystalline calcium phosphate minerals (mainly HA) with higher Ca/P ratio while the root portion was mainly composed of low-crystalline calcium phosphates with relatively low Ca/P ratio.