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This publication has been retracted by the Editor due to the identification of non-original figure images and manuscript content that raise concerns regarding the credibility and originality of the study. Reference: Jin-Cheng Zheng, Ke-Jie Chang, Yu-Xiang Jin, Xue-Wei Zhao, Bing Li, Meng-Hang Yang. Arsenic Trioxide Inhibits the Metastasis of Small Cell Lung Cancer by Blocking Calcineurin-Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells (NFAT) Signaling. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2228-2237. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.913091.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether the prevalence of thyroid nodules (TNs) increased due to modern lifestyles or other factors, despite the advances in screening and diagnostic tools. METHODS: This study included 3474 pairs of participants, who were matched by gender and age (±3 years) from two cross-sectional sampling surveys: (1) the program on the iodine nutritional status and related health status of residents in Shanghai in 2009; (2) the thyroid disease screening program for adults in Shanghai between 2017 and 2018. The prevalence of TNs and thyroid diseases in 2009 and 2017-2018 were compared, and the potential risk factors of TNs were detected. RESULTS: The prevalence of TNs in 2009 was 28.9%: 22.5% in males and 34.5% in females. In 2017, this increased to 43.8%: 37.9% in males and 49.1% in females. The prevalence of TNs significantly increased from 2009 to 2017 (odds ratio, 1.486; 95% confidence interval, 1.238-1.786). In addition, female gender, thyroid disease history, and age were the main risk factors for TNs after adjusting for confounders in the logistic regression across the time period. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of TNs significantly increased across nearly 10 years in Shanghai.
Subject(s)
Thyroid Nodule , Adult , Male , Humans , Female , China/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND The inhibitory effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on lung cancer has been reported in some preclinical studies. However, its effect on small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been poorly explored. Calcineurin and its substrate, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), mediate the downstream signaling of VEGF, and is critical in the process endothelium activation and tumor metastasis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether As2O3 had inhibitory effects on endothelial cells activation and the metastasis of SCLC, and to explore the possible mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and cell migration assay were performed to determine the effect of As2O3 on HUVECs proliferation and migration. The level of calcineurin, NFAT, downstream factors for Down syndrome candidate region 1 (DSCR1), and the endogenous inhibitor of calcineurin, were evaluated by quantitative PCR and western blotting. In vivo, SCLC metastasis models were established by injecting NCI-H446 cells into tail veins of nude mice. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with As2O3 or calcineurin inhibitor for 10 days, after which tumor metastasis in target organs was evaluated. RESULTS As2O3 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Also, As2O3 inhibited the expression levels of calcineurin, NFAT, and the downstream target genes CXCR7 and RND1, while it upregulated the level of DSCR1. Both As2O3 and calcineurin inhibitor exhibited notable inhibitory effect on the metastasis of SCLC, without obvious side effects. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that As2O3 had remarkable inhibitory effects on the endothelial cell activation and SCLC metastasis, and the mechanism might be related to the blocking of calcineurin-NFAT signaling by upregulating DSCR1.
Subject(s)
Arsenic Trioxide/pharmacology , NFATC Transcription Factors/drug effects , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/drug therapy , Animals , Arsenic Trioxide/metabolism , Calcineurin/drug effects , Cell Movement/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , China , DNA-Binding Proteins , Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects , Humans , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/drug effects , Male , Mice , Mice, Nude , Muscle Proteins/drug effects , NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism , Neoplasm Metastasis/drug therapy , Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism , Receptors, CXCR/drug effects , Signal Transduction , Up-Regulation/drug effects , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/drug effects , rho GTP-Binding Proteins/drug effectsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of early oral feeding with enteral nutrition after surgery on clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight patients with colorectal cancer undergoing elective operation between January 2012 and May 2012 were randomly divided into study group (n=24) and control group (n=24). Patients in the group were given small amount of water several times and enteral nutrition early after surgery. Patients in the control group received conventional postoperative care protocol. Nutritional status, immune function, time of flatus, postoperative hospital stay, medical cost and incidence of complications between the two groups were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As compared to the control group, nutritional status and immune function in the study group were significantly better (P<0.05). In the study group, time to flatus [(54.3±11.9) h vs. (65.7±10.0) h, P<0.05] and postoperative hospital stay [(5.4±1.1) d vs. (7.1±1.4) d, P<0.05] were significantly shorter, and medical cost [(36.3±6.4) thousand RMB vs. (42.8±4.3) thousand RMB, P<0.05] was significantly less as compared with the control group. No difference of the complication incidence was found [12.5% (3/24) vs. 16.7% (4/24), P>0.05].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Early oral feeding with enteral nutrition after surgery can improve the nutritional status and immune function, and accelerate the recovery of patients with colorectal cancer.</p>
