Cross-sectional study of zero-medicine markup policy, prescribing trends and drug indicators using WHO/INRUD methodology in Chinese Jingzhou area.

In order to get the baseline data of Chinese Zero-Medicine Markup Policy, before any administrative intervention we investigated the drug indicators, the prescribing trends and economic data. In accordance with the WHO/INRUD criteria and cross-sectional studies, the retrospective methods along with equal sample interval of systematic sampling were used. We sampled from daily prescriptions and calculated the means over a twelve day period. We sampled from 38,246 adult prescriptions, the sampling percent was 3.06% and the drugs prescribed by generic name were 100.00%. During 2012-2014, the percentage of antibiotic cost in the total daily drug cost decreased from 17.44% to 8.01%, the percentage of prescriptions with antibiotic prescribed decreased from 12.64% to 9.64%, the percentage of encounters with an injection prescribed decreased from 15.21% to 12.77%. The average drug cost per antibiotic prescription ranged from ¥169.33 to 186.66. By comparing the related data, Zero-Medicine Markup Policy had greatly affected prescribing indicators, some indicators had a decreasing trend and became more rational, Zero-Markup Medicine Policy decreased both the patient-level and hospital-level drug expenses, and the reformation of the Zero-Medicine Markup Policy was steadily advanced.

An analysis of 145 cases of acute cholecystitis treated by laparoscopy / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of LC in patients with acute cholecystitis. Methods The authors retrospectively analyzed 145 cases of acute cholecystitis treated by LC from 1992～2000. Results All cases were successfully treated by LC, durations of operations being 30 to 130min with a mean 68min. Postoperative complications were found in 5 cases: Two patients underwent cystic artery bleeding, which was stopped successfully via laparoscope; the other three patients had bile leakage, bleeding of the greater omentum and subhepatic abscess, respectively, the first two cases being dealt with by open operations and the later by anti-inflammatory therapy. The success rate of LC was 96 6% (140 of 145). Conclusions LC may be applied successfully to the patients with acute cholecystitis within the first three days of incidence, after the gallbladder wall is proved ≤ 5mm by B-ultrasonography.