ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019 and soon after Chinese health authorities took unprecedented prevention and control measures to curb the spreading of the novel coronavirus-related pneumonia. We develop a mathematical model based on daily updates of reported cases to study the evolution of the epidemic. With the model, on 95% confidence level, we estimate the basic reproduction number, R0 = 2.82 {+/-} 0.11, time between March 19 and March 21 when the effective reproduction number becoming less than one, the epidemic ending after April 2 and the total number of confirmed cases approaching 14408 {+/-} 429 on the Chinese mainland excluding Hubei province.
ABSTRACT
Clinically,arteriovenous malformations (AVM) is a common intracranial vascular disease.Traditional treatments for cerebral AVM include microsurgical resection,endovascular embolization and radiotherapy.However,there are some unusual AVM lesions that are difficult to be cured by traditional methods.Multiple case reports that have been published recently indicate that embolization therapy via transvenous approach is very effective for these unusual AVM lesions,especially for small hemorrhagic AVMs.These lesions often have single vein drainage and are located at deep cerebral function area.with their blood supply being from fine arteries.This paper aims to review the existing literature and to make a summary about the indications,method of operation,risks and prevention,etc.of embolization therapy via transvenous approach for cerebral AVM.
