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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the types and causes of complications following orbital fracture reconstruction and enhance clinicians' capacity to manage or prevent such complications. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective case series analysis, retrospectively collecting and analyzing clinical data of patients with orbital fractures who received surgical treatment at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University from May 2012 to May 2022. Descriptive statistics were employed to document common postoperative complications, and we recorded complications persisting after a minimum 6-month follow-up period. RESULTS: Among the 227 patients who underwent orbital fracture surgery, they were followed up for 6 to 36 months, and complications occurred in 15 cases, resulting in an incidence rate of 6.61%. These complications included implant material infections and rejections (4 cases), persistent diplopia (3 cases), intraorbital hematomas (2 cases), epiphora (2 cases), lower eyelid eversion or retraction (2 cases), and skin scars (2 cases). The primary cause of postoperative infection was chronic inflammation in the paranasal sinuses or closed cavities within the fracture area. Postoperative complications in orbital fractures were associated with various factors, including the timing of surgery, surgical approach, repair materials, surgical skills, and auxiliary techniques. CONCLUSION: Standardizing surgical techniques and implementing precise auxiliary technologies may reduce the incidence of complications and enhance the operation's success rate.
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BACKGROUND: The main treatment for the symptoms of proptosis and optic nerve compression caused by thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is orbital decompression surgery. Medial inferior wall decompression and balanced decompression are two frequently used surgical procedures. However, there is no unified consensus on how to choose different surgical options for orbital decompression in clinical practice. AIMS: To compare the effects of medial inferior wall decompression and balanced decompression surgery through meta-analysis and to provide reference for clinical optimal decision making. METHODS: Databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov, were searched for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies on decompression surgery for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy published from inception to March 21, 2023. Using RevMan 5.3 software, a meta-analysis was conducted based on the following outcome indicators: proptosis, diplopia rate, intraocular pressure, visual acuity, and complication rate. RESULTS: Two randomized controlled trials and five cohort studies with a total of 377 patients were included in this analysis. After balanced decompression surgery, patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy experienced a significant decrease in proptosis [MD = 4.92, 95% CI (4.26, 5.58), P < 0.0001]. Balanced decompression can improve postoperative visual acuity [MD = - 0.35, 95% CI (- 0.56, - 0.13), P = 0.001] and intraocular pressure [MD = 5.33, 95% CI (3.34, 7.32), P < 0.0001]. The rates of proptosis [MD = 0.33, 95% CI (- 1.80, 2.46), P = 0.76] and diplopia [OR = 1.20, 95% CI (0.38, 3.76), P = 0.76] did not differ between patients who underwent medial inferior wall decompression and those who underwent balanced decompression. CONCLUSION: Balanced decompression and medial inferior wall decompression are both effective options for surgical treatment of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in clinical practice.
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Exophthalmos , Graves Ophthalmopathy , Humans , Graves Ophthalmopathy/surgery , Diplopia , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures , Decompression , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: This report details the unusual presentation of two hidden cavernous hemangiomas in the orbital apex, initially appearing as one tumor. The rarity and diagnostic complexity of this case underscore the need for meticulous surgical exploration and verification in orbital apex tumors. CASE PRESENTATION: A physical examination of an elderly male with a three-year history of headaches revealed a space-occupying lesion in the left orbital apex. Imaging confirmed a tumor in the extraconical space above the optic nerve. Initial nasal endoscopy removed an orbital apex tumor, pathologically confirmed as a cavernous hemangioma. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Postoperative examination revealed incomplete tumor removal, prompting a second surgery for full excision. This case underscores the diagnostic and management challenges of orbital apex tumors, especially when imaging indicates a single mass. The endoscopic transsphenoidal approach for cavernous hemangiomas in the medial orbital apex, as illustrated in this case, appears promising. CONCLUSION: Clinicians must be aware of the potential for multiple tumors in orbital apex cases, even if imaging does not explicitly reveal them. This case highlights the importance of thorough surgical exploration and illustrates the effectiveness of endoscopic methods in intricate orbital apex surgeries.
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The finite element method(FEM)is a widely employed mathematical technique in mechanical research that divides an object into discrete and interacting finite elements. Medically, finite element analysis(FEA)enables the simulation of biomechanical experiments that are challenging to conduct. Orbital surgery poses significant challenges to ophthalmologists due to its inherent difficulty and steep learning curve. FEM enables the simulation and analysis of the mechanical properties of orbital tissue, offering a novel approach for diagnosing and treating orbital-related diseases. With technological advancements, FEM has significantly matured in the diagnosis and treatment of orbital diseases, becoming a popular area of research in orbital biomechanics. This paper reviewed the latest advancements in orbital FEM, encompassing the development of orbital FEA models, simulation of orbital structure, and its application in orbital-related diseases. Additionally, the limitations of FEM and future research directions are also discussed. As a digital tool for auxiliary diagnosis and treatment, orbital FEA will progressively unlock its potential for diagnosing and treating orbital diseases alongside technological advancements.
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Objective: This study aims to explore the impact of nano-hydroxyapatite (na-HA) and micron-hydroxyapatite (mi-HA) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) using in vitro experiments, assessing their influence on cellular biological activity. These findings offer crucial experimental data for informing the development of more vascularized tissue-engineered bone constructs. Methods: We employed the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay to assess the impact of various concentrations of both HA extracts on HUVEC metabolic activity post 48, 72, and 96 h of treatment. Transwell experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of HA extract on HUVEC migratory capabilities. The cell proliferation activity was assessed using the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay, elucidating the impact of varying concentrations of both HA extracts on cell proliferation. Lumen formation experiments were conducted to assess the capacity of HA-treated HUVECs to form lumen-like structures. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was employed to measure the impact of HA extract on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion by HUVECs. Western blotting (WB) was utilized to analyze alterations in the expression levels of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins following HA extract treatment of cells. Results: At extract concentrations of 100 g/L and 12.5 g/L, both the mi-HA and na-HA groups demonstrated suppression of cell metabolic activity, migration, and proliferation. Conversely, at 25 g/L, increased cell metabolic activity and proliferative activity were observed. Lumen formation experiments demonstrated that both HA extracts at 100 g/L concentration facilitated lumen formation, with the na-HA group at 25 g/L concentration displaying a more pronounced impact on lumen formation. The ELISA results indicated a notable reduction in VEGF secretion within the mi-HA group at a concentration of 100 g/L. WB experiments revealed that within the na-HA group, treatment of HUVECs with 25 g/L and 12.5 g/L extract concentrations led to upregulation of PI3K and Akt protein expression, while at 100 g/L concentration, Akt protein expression decreased. In the mi-HA group, intracellular expression of both PI3K and Akt proteins exhibited reduction. Conclusion: Hydroxyapatite extract at both high and low concentrations impacts the biological activity of vascular endothelial cells, with the potential mechanism of action involving the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Phytochemical investigation on the ethanol extract of a well-known medicinal herb Leonurus japonicus, led to the separation of 18 labdane type diterpenoids (1-18). Through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculations, these compounds were structurally characterized as six new interesting 5,5,5-di-spirocyclic ones (1-6), two new (7 and 8) and six known (13-18) interesting 6,5,5-di-spirocyclic ones, a new rare 14,15-dinor derivative (9), and three new ones incorporating a γ-lactone unit (10-12). An in vitro neuroprotective assay in RSC96 cells revealed that compounds 7 and 12 exhibited neuroprotective activity in a concentration-dependent way, comparable to the reference drug N-acetylcysteine.
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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Leonurus/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Diterpenes/chemistry , Plant Components, Aerial , Molecular StructureABSTRACT
Objective:To systematically analyze the efficacy of nasal endoscopic transsphenoidal decompression and glucocorticoid pulse therapy for traumatic optic neuropathy (TON).Methods:PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrial.gov, CNKI, Wanfang, China Biomedical and other databases were searched to retrieve clinical studies on endoscopic surgery and hormone therapy for TON since their establishment to November 1, 2020.Two researchers screened the literature and evaluated the quality of the included literatures.The improvement of visual acuity before and after treatment was taken as an effective indicator.RevMan 5.3 statistical software was used for meta-analysis.The sensitivity of the results was analyzed atfer literature exclusion.The publication bias of each study was double checked by funnel plot and Begg test.Results:Eight studies were included, including 7 cohort studies and 1 randomized controlled trial.There was no significant difference between the endoscopic decompression group and glucocorticoid group in the efficiency of visual acuity improvement in the treatment of TON [odds ratio ( OR)=1.65, 95% confidence interval ( CI)∶0.75-3.66, P=0.22], neither in TON patients with residual vision before surgery ( OR=2.17, 95% CI: 0.94-4.98, P=0.07). For nasal endoscopic decompression surgery, early surgery (disease course<7 days) was more effective than late surgery (disease course>7 days) ( OR=4.73, 95% CI: 2.55-8.78, P<0.01). Sensitivity analysis suggested that the results of this literature analysis were not robust.The Begg test showed that there was no literature publication bias. Conclusions:There is no significant difference between nasal endoscopic surgery and glucocorticoid therapy in the treatment of TON.Early endoscopic surgery may help improve visual acuity in patients with residual vision.
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Traumatic optic neuropathy and glaucoma can cause optic nerve degenerative changes leading to a significant decline in vision, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients.In recent years, research on mammalian optic nerve injury models has found that optic nerve injury involves pathophysiological processes such as apoptosis, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress.Researchers have explored the relevant mechanisms and regulatory signaling pathways of optic nerve injury, and have conducted research on the protection of optic nerve injury in the fight against retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis, new drug therapy, gene therapy, stem cell transplantation and natural extracts.Studies have shown that glucose regulatory protein 75, a member of the heat shock protein 70 family, and melatonin naturally secreted in the human retina may play an important role in the regulation of RGC apoptosis.Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) may play a protective role in RGC by directly activating the intrinsic G-CSF receptor and downstream signaling pathway.Targeting gene therapy is expected to become a powerful therapy for repair and regeneration of injured optic nerve.Adipose stem cell transplantation can resist the apoptosis of retinal cells in rat model.In addition, lycium barbarum polysaccharide can delay the secondary degeneration of axons, which may be a promising natural extract to delay the secondary degeneration of optic nerve injury.This article summarized the mechanism, regulation and protection of optic nerve injury.
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An editorial decision has been made to retract this manuscript due to breach of publishing guidelines, following the identification of non-original and manipulated figures. Reference: Tan Guiying, Li Yue, Xiong Chao, Yu Jinhai, Xu Qihua: Antitumor Effects of 8-Deoxylactucin in RB355 Human Retinoblastoma Cells Are Mediated via Apoptosis Induction, Reactive Oxygen Species Production, and Cell Cycle Arrest. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4575-4582. 10.12659/MSM.914242.
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Orbital tumors not only damage the appearance of patients, but also damage the visual function, even endanger the life of patients.Orbital tumors can be divided into epidermal ectoderm, neuroectoderm, mesoderm, lymphopoietic system and metastatic tumors according to their origin.Due to the complex structure of orbital tissue, abundant nerve vessels and close connection with visual organs, it is more difficult and risky to treat orbital tumors than other regional tumors.Classic treatments for tumors include surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.Surgery is the main treatment for most orbital tumors.Due to the improvement of technology and equipment, it has been developed in the direction of minimally invasive surgery.For advanced tumors or lymphoid hematopoietic system tumors with extensive invasion, chemotherapy is the main treatment.Due to the improvement of drug delivery methods and protocols, it is developing towards high efficiency and less side effects.Radiotherapy is mostly used for refractory tumors that are difficult to be completely removed by surgery and easy to relapse.Due to the continuous improvement of radiotherapy technology, safe and accurate treatment has been achieved.In addition to the classical treatment methods, targeted treatment of carcinogenic sites at the molecular level has become a hot topic in the treatment of orbital tumors.This paper reviews the current development of orbital tumors in surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy.
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BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma is a rare malignancy arising from the immature cells of the retina, generally in children up to the age of 3 years. Here, we assessed the anticancer effects of a natural sesquiterpene lactone - 8-deoxylactucin - on the growth of the retinoblastoma RB355 and normal RPE cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and apoptosis was assessed by DAPI staining and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by fluorescence microscopy. Flow cytometry was used to determine the cell cycle distribution. Protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The results showed that 8-deoxylactucin exerted selective and potent anticancer effects on the RB355 cells and exhibited an IC50 of 25 µM. Nonetheless, the cytotoxic effects of 8-deoxylactucin on the normal RPF cells were comparatively lower, as evident from the IC50 of 65 µM. 8-Deoxylactucin increased the production of ROS and triggering apoptosis of RB355 cells. The induction of 8-deoxylactucin-induced apoptosis was also accompanied with increased cleavage of caspase 3, upregulation of Bax, and downregulation of Bcl-2. The 8-deoxylactucin-induced cell cycle arrest of RB355 cells was also associated with inhibition of cyclin A and B1 expression, as well as the inhibition of Cdc2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS 8-Deoxylactucin inhibits the growth of RB355 cells by apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and increased production of ROS.
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Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Retinoblastoma/drug therapy , Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Cycle/drug effects , Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Humans , Retinoblastoma/metabolism , Retinoblastoma/pathology , Signal Transduction/drug effectsABSTRACT
Laparoscopic curative gastrectomy has been widely adopted because it is minimal invasiveness.The efficacy of laparoscopic gastrectomy is comparable to that of open gastrectomy for patients with early or advanced gastric cancer,but few studies of laparoscopic total gastrectomy combined with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy for patients with advanced gastric cancer have been reported.Seven patients with advanced gastric cancer received laparoscopic total gastrectomy combined with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy at the First Hospital of Jilin University from September 2010 to September 2011.The mean operation time,blood loss,postoperative hospital stay and the nunber of lymph nodes resected were (218 ± 24) minutes,(366 ± 174) ml,( 14.6 ± 2.8 ) days and 32 ± 15,respectively.Two patients were complicated by pancreatic juice leakage and were cured with drainage. No anastomotic leakage,abdominal bleeding or mortality was observed. With the development of techniques and equipments,laparoscopic total gastrectony combined with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy is safe and feasible in selected patients.
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Objective To investigate the expression of hMLH_1 in gastric cancer and its significance,Methods The expressions of hMLH_1 protein and mRNA were detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) in 68 cases of gastric cancer tissues,33 cases of para-cancer tissues and(35 cases) of normal gastric tissues.Apoptosis was assayed by terminal deoxytransferase mediated dUTP nicked labeling.Results The positive expression rates of hMLH_1 mRNA were 63.3%(43/68),100%(33/33) and 100%(35/35),and those of protein were 61.8%(42/68),93.9%(31/33),100%(35/35),respectively,in gastric cancer tissues,para-cancer tissues and normal gastric tissues.There was a correlation between the expression of hMLH_1 and clinical grade of gastric cancer(r=0.531,P
