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Objective:To investigate and analyze on the basic skills level of health literacy and its influencing factors in permanent residents in Fujian province in 2020.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, from April to November in 2020, 3 304 urban and rural permanent residents aged 15-69 years in 13 counties (cities or districts) in Fujian province were selected by stratified multistage cluster sampling and random sampling for household questionnaire survey. Based on “Health literacy of Chinese citizens—basic knowledge and skills”, the questionnaire included three aspects: basic knowledge and concept, healthy lifestyle and behavior and basic skills. There were 50 questions in total, including 12 questions about basic skills with a total score of 16 points. A score of 13 points and above was considered as having basic skills. A total of 3 304 questionnaires were issued and reclaimed, and among which 3 250 questionnaires were valid. According to the data of the Sixth National Census in 2010 in Fujian province and the basic data collected in the monitoring process, the basic weight, no response and post-stratification adjustment of the samples were made to obtain the representative data of the province. The χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression were applied to analyze the influencing factors of basic skill level of health literacy in permanent residents in Fujian province in 2020. Results:According to the weighted data, the basic skill level of health literacy in permanent residents in Fujian province in 2020 was 26.02%, and it was higher in urban area than that in rural area (35.00% vs 20.15%). It was higher in people aged 25-34 years (35.36%), people with high education level (college/undergraduate and above 47.20%), civil servants (47.49%), medical personnel (44.00%), people with chronic diseases (27.04%) and people with good health condition (31.31%), respectively (all P<0.05). Among the 12 questions on basic skills, the correct rate in 6 questions was ≥50%. The question with the highest correct rate was “The correct practices after the occurrence of severe infectious diseases in the local area” (88.2%), and the question with the lowest correct rate was “Correctly identify drugs with‘OTC’ printed on the label”(28.7%). Education level (illiterate/less literate, OR=0.036, 95% CI: 0.018-0.073; primary school, OR=0.091, 95% CI: 0.053-0.155; junior high school, OR=0.230, 95% CI: 0.148-0.357; senior high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school, OR=0.351, 95% CI: 0.232-0.532; college/undergraduate and above, OR=1.000) was positively correlated with the basic skill level of residents′ health literacy ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The overall level of basic health skills in permanent residents in Fujian province in 2020 is relatively high, educational level is a positive correlation factor.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein (LRG1) derived from hepatocytes on activation of hepatic M1 Kupffer cells.@*METHODS@#A metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) model was established in BALB/c mice by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for 16 weeks. Oleic acid was used to induce steatosis in primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes. The mRNA and protein expressions of LRG1 in mouse liver tissues and hepatocytes were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Primary hepatic macrophages were stimulated with the conditioned medium (CM) from steatotic hepatocyte along with LRG1 or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), or both for 24 h, and the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was detected with Western botting, and the mRNA expressions of iNOS, chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured by RT-PCR. The MAFLD mice were injected with LRG1 (n=6), TGF-β1 (n=6), or both (n=6) through the caudal vein, and the live tissues were collected for HE staining and immumohistochemical detection of F4/80 expression; the mRNA expressions of iNOS, CXCL-1 and IL-1β in liver tissues were detected using RT-PCR.@*RESULTS@#The mRNA and protein expression levels of LRG1 were significantly downregulated in the liver tissues of MAFLD mice and steatotic hepatocytes (P < 0.05). Treatment of the hepatic macrophages with CM from steatosis hepatocytes significantly enhanced the mRNA expression levels of iNOS, CXCL-1 and IL-1β, and these changes were significantly inhibited by the combined treatment with TGF-β1 and LRG1 (P < 0.05). In MAFLD mice, injections with either LRG1 or TGF-β1 alone reduced hepatic lipid deposition and intrahepatic macrophage infiltration, and these effects were significantly enhanced by their combined treatment, which also more strongly inhibited the mRNA expression levels of iNOS, CXCL-1 and IL-1β (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#LRG1 inhibits hepatic macrophage infiltration by enhancing TGF-β1 signaling to alleviate fatty liver inflammation in MAFLD mice.
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Animals , Mice , Transforming Growth Factor beta1 , Macrophage Activation , Signal Transduction , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Culture Media, Conditioned , GlycoproteinsABSTRACT
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) is a member of the family coronaviridae and contains a single-stranded RNA genome with positive-polarity. To reveal the evolution mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 genome, we performed comprehensive genomic analysis with newly sequenced SARS-CoV-2 strains and 20 closely related coronavirus strains. Among 98 nucleotide mutations at 93 sites of the genome among different SARS-CoV-2 strains, 58 of them caused amino acid change, indicating a result of neutral evolution. However, the ratio of nucleotide substitutions to amino acid substitutions of spike gene (9.07) between SARS-CoV-2 WIV04 and Bat-SARSr-CoV RaTG13 was extensively higher than those from comparisons between other coronaviruses (range 1.29 - 4.81). The elevated synonymous mutations between SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13, suggesting they underwent stronger purifying selection. Moreover, their nucleotide substitutions are enriched with T:C transition, which is consistent with the mutation signature caused by deactivity of RNA 3-to-5 exoribonuclease (ExoN). The codon usage was similar between SARS-CoV-2 and other strains in beta-coronavirus lineage B, suggesting it had small impact on the mutation pattern. In comparison of SARS-CoV-2 WIV04 with Bat-SARSr-CoV RaTG13, the ratios of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates (dN/dS) was the lowest among all performed comparisons, reconfirming the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 under stringent selective pressure. Moreover, some sites of spike protein might be subjected to positive selection. Therefore, our results will help understanding the evolutionary mechanisms contribute to viral pathogenicity and its adaptation with hosts.
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Anionic surfactants in waters were determined using on-line double microporous membrane extraction-flow injection analysis method. This method was based on the extraction of the ion-association complex (λ_(max)=650 nm) which formed from methylene blue cation and anionic surfactants. The on-line double microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction phase separators were adopted. Optimization of variables of the flow injection manifold, groove mechanical dimension of the phase separator, and pore size of the membrane was performed. The proposed method had a linear range of 25.0-1000.0 μg/L(r≥0.999). The detection limit was 4.28 μg/L. The relative standard deviation(n=7) of different concentration was 0.7%-6.0%. The recovery was between 96%-110% and the sample throughput was 18 h-1. The method was applied to the analysis of standard Reference materials with satisfactory results. For practical application, two water samples were analyzed with the established method.
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OBJECTIVE@#To study the expression of Eotaxin and Eotaxin-2 in nasal polyposis and nasal polyp and explore the different mechanism between polyposis and polyp.@*METHOD@#Fifteen cases of nasal polyposis, thirteen cases of polyp and eight cases of normal middle turbinate were studied with immunohistochemical SP method to detect the expression of Eotaxin and Eotaxin-2.@*RESULT@#There were significant differences between either two groups about the expression of Eotaxin-2 (P 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Both of Eotaxin and Eotaxin-2 likely play key roles in the inflammatory reaction process of nasal polyposis and polyp. The different expression of Eotaxin-2 between nasal polyposis and polyp demonstrates it may be one of the main causes in the different mechanism of the two diseases.
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Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Chemokine CCL11 , Metabolism , Chemokine CCL24 , Metabolism , Nasal Polyps , Metabolism , PathologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of systemic corticosteroids on the expression of Eotaxin in nasal polyps.@*METHOD@#The SP immunohistochemical methods were applied to detected the expression of Eotaxin in nasal polyps before and after corticosteroids therapy. The optical density of positive cells in mucosal epithelia, vascular endothelia, inflammatory cells was measured by using HPIAS-2000 image-conduct system.@*RESULT@#The expression of Eotaxin was positive in the cytoplasm of the mucosal epithelia,the inflammatory cells and the vascular endothelia in nasal polyps. The expression of Eotaxin was significantly reduced in the mucosal epithelia, the inflammatory cells and the vascular endothelia of nasal polyps after treated with corticosteroids compared with pre-treated.@*CONCLUSION@#Inhibiting the expression of Eotaxin in mucosal epithelia, inflammatory cells and vascular endothelia of nasal polyps, reducing recruitment and activation of eosinophil and relieving eosinophil inflammatory reaction in nasal polyps may be one of mechanisms of systemic corticosteroids therapy on the nasal polyps.
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Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Therapeutic Uses , Chemokine CCL11 , Metabolism , Nasal Polyps , Drug Therapy , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To study the one-month and one-year effect of 2006' Fujian International "Quit&Win" Competition,and to explore the influencing factors for smoking-quitting behaviors.Methods A equidistant sampling survey was conducted among the 4619 participants at the end of one-month and one-year after the competition by telephone,mailing and face to face interview.The survey contents include personal information,smoking-quitting and relapse information.The data were input with EPIDA3.1 software,?2 test and logistic stepwise regression were done with SPSS 11.5.Result The rate of smoking-quitting sustained for one-month was 51.9%,and the rate of smoking-quitting sustained for one-year was 38.0%.With one-way Chi-square test,the influencial factor on smoking-quitting succession for one-month was their intention of joining in the competition(?2=75.799,P=0.000);and the influencing factors on smoking-quitting succession for one-year were cigarette consumption per day(?2=9.953,P=0.019),their intention of joining in the competition(?2=52.227,P=0.000) and the method of smoking-quitting(?2=7.882,P=0.019).With logistic regression analysis,the influencial factors on smoking-quitting succession for one-month were age,their intention of joining in the competition and the method of smoking-quitting,the OR values were 0.98(0.964～0.997),1.198(1.195～3.080) and 2.812(2.152～3.675),respectively;the influencial factors on smoking-quitting succession for one-year were marriage,cigarette consumption per day,their intention of joining in the competition and the method of smoking-quitting,the OR values were 1.915(1.085～3.381),0.720(0.546～0.951),0.529(0.330～0.847),3.171(2.233～4.501) and 1.901(1.294～2.793),respectively.The major factors for relapse were the surrounding people smoking,lack of support,et al.Conclusion The 2006' Fujian International "Quit & Win" Competition gained a great success and has important significance for smoking-control work.
