Compliance of Australian commercial foods for young children (<36 months) with an international nutrient and promotion profile model.

OBJECTIVE: To assess how Australian infant and toddler foods compare to a nutrient and promotion profile model (NPPM) developed by the World Health Organization to support the appropriate promotion of commercial food products for children aged 6-36 months. METHODS: A cross-sectional audit of infant and toddler foods found at three major Australian supermarkets was conducted in September/October 2022. Using nutrition and promotional data extracted from the packaging, products were classified according to NPPM categories and assessed against relevant compositional, front-of-pack labelling and promotional requirements. RESULTS: Of 330 eligible products identified, just 28% met all NPPM compositional requirements. Toddler foods were less compliant than infant foods overall (18% vs. 31%; p=0.021), and for specific nutrients such as sodium (75% vs. 89%; p=0.003). No products met all NPPM front-of-pack labelling/promotional requirements. Only two-thirds and two-fifths of products were compliant with product name and ingredient list requirements, respectively. CONCLUSION: Australian infant and toddler foods do not fully comply with the NPPM requirements. While toddler foods performed comparatively worse in terms of their nutritional adequacy, there is considerable scope to improve the nutrient profile of both infant and toddler foods. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH: To better support young children's health and development, the introduction of mandatory nutrition standards for Australian toddler foods, and the improvement of nutrition standards for Australian infant foods, in line with the NPPM, is needed. To be most effective, these should be combined with regulations for the labelling and promotion of these foods in line with the NPPM.

Does Personalized Nutrition Advice Improve Dietary Intake in Healthy Adults? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Personalized nutrition (PN) behavior-change interventions are being used increasingly in attempts to improve dietary intake; however, the impact of PN advice on improvements in dietary intake has not been reviewed systematically. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of PN advice on changes in dietary intake compared with generalized advice in healthy adults. Three databases (EMBASE, PubMed, and CINAHL) were searched between 2009 and 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that tested the effect of PN and tailored advice based on diet, phenotype, or genetic information. The Evidence Analysis Library Quality Criteria checklist was used to conduct a risk-of-bias assessment. Information on intervention design and changes in nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns was extracted from the 11 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Studies were conducted in the United States, Canada, or Europe; reported outcomes on 57 to 1488 participants; and varied in follow-up duration from 1 to 12 mo. Five studies incorporated behavior-change techniques. The risk of bias for included studies was low. Overall, the available evidence suggests that dietary intake is improved to a greater extent in participants randomly assigned to receive PN advice compared with generalized dietary advice. Additional well-designed PN RCTs are needed that incorporate behavior-change techniques, a broader range of dietary outcomes, and comparisons between personalization based on dietary, biological, and/or lifestyle information.