Effects of a ketogenic diet combined with resistance training on body composition and glucolipid metabolism in the obese and female college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) alone and in combination with resistance training (KD+RT) on body composition and glucolipid metabolism of obese and female college students, and to provide a theoretical basis for the application of KD+RT in obese patients.@*Methods@#Totally 45 obese and female college students in Wuyi University were recruited and randomly divided into KD group ( n =23) and KD+RT group ( n =22) in September 2021. After received training for 4 weeks, the changes of body composition and glucose and lipid metabolism of obese and female college students were compared before and after intervention.@*Results@#Both a 4 week KD and KD+RT led to decreases in weight, BMI, body fat mass, body fat percentage, waist to hip ratio, visceral fat area of obese female college students ( t =16.19, 16.21, 12.42, 7.99, 2.10, 6.37; 18.82, 18.02, 17.80, 10.72, 3.41, 7.59, P <0.01). The change of muscle mass was decreased in KD group( t=4.12, P <0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference in KD+RT group( P >0.05). Both a 4 week KD and KD+RT significantly reduced the levels of the fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin and triglyceride (TG) of obese female college students ( t =10.15, 8.94 , 6.94, 7.63; 9.23, 12.75, 9.85, 9.09, P <0.01), and increased the high density lipoprotein (HDL) level( t =-7.36, -5.22, P <0.01). However, only KD+RT group had a significant decrease in the level of LDL ( t =5.27, P <0.01), and there was no significant change in the level of TC both groups ( P >0.05). After the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the KD+RT group compared to the KD group ( P >0.05), except for a significant decrease in triacylglycerol ( t =2.51, P < 0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#Both a short term KD and KD+RT show beneficial changes in body composition and glucolipid metabolism in obese female college students. However, the KD+RT is superior to a KD in maintaining muscle mass and reducing the effects of lipid metabolism.

Novel susceptibility genes were found in a targeted sequencing of stroke patients with or without depression in the Chinese Han population.

BACKGROUND: Both stroke and depression are multi-factorial diseases, with both genetic and environmental factors likely to participate in their pathogenesis. Post stroke depression (PSD) is a common complication after stroke leading to poor functional outcome, increased physical disability and mortality. Although several genes have been associated with PSD, the genetic basis of PSD remains poorly understood. METHOD: A 2-stage candidate gene study by targeted sequencing was conducted involving stroke patients with or without depression and health controls. In the discovery stage (121 PSD, 131 non-PSD and 639 HC), logistic regression was used to test associations respectively in PSD and non-PSD groups. In the replication stage (200 PSD, 218 non-PSD and 983 HC), 54 selected SNPs were again genotyped in an independent cohort. Fixed-effects inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis was used in the combined samples. RESULTS: The study identified 2 novel genes associated with PSD [HTR3D (rs55674402, p = 0.002512, odds ratio (OR) = 0.7431); NEUROG3 (rs144643855, p = 0.00325, OR = 0.6523)] and 3 risk SNPs in one risk gene associated with non-PSD [PIK3C2B (rs17406271, p = 0.0006801, OR = 1.446; rs2271419, p = 0.0005836, OR = 1.497; rs2271420, p = 0.001031, OR = 1.431)] in the Chinese sample. NEUROG3 shows highest expression level in hippocampus. Functional enrichment analysis shows that susceptibility genes for PSD are mostly enriched in chemical synaptic transmission and regulation of lipid synthetic process. LIMITATIONS: The sample size was not sufficient to reach a genome-wide p value level. To overcome this shortage, some unique strategies were applied during the selection of SNPs for replication. Secondly, the age, gender composition and depressive severity between two stages were not well-matched. Different sample sources should be blamed, and to minimizing the influence, gender was corrected as co-variant in logistic regression. CONCLUSION: This study identified that HTR3D and NEUROG3 were linked with the susceptibility of PSD and PIK3C2B with stroke in the Chinese Han population. Further replication of these findings in a larger and better matched sample is warranted. Functional analysis suggests that the pathogenesis of PSD may be implicated in 5-HT synaptic transmission, neural plasticity and lipid metabolism, and therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways may be effective approaches for PSD treatment.

The clinical value of combined detection of plasma Lp -PLA2 and D -dimer in patients with hypertension complicated with stroke / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the predictive value of plasma lipoprotein phospholipase A2 (Lp -PLA2 )and D -dimer in patients with hypertension complicated with stroke.Methods 70 hypertensive patients with stroke were selected as A group,72 patients with simple hypertension were selected as B group,and 71 healthy sub-jects were selected as C group.The light transmitting method was used to detect serum Lp -PLA2 ,and immunoturbi-dimetry was used to detect plasma D -dimer.The clinical value of the two joint detection and single detection in prediction of hypertension complicated with stroke was analyzed.Results The plasma Lp -PLA2 and D -dimer levels of A group were (471.88 ±181.49)ng/mL,(982.54 ±373.28)μg/mL,which were higher than those of B group[(195.17 ±34.74)ng/mL,(263.57 ±29.70)μg/mL]and C group[(122.94 ±46.25)ng/mL,(96.44 ± 8.49)μg/mL](F =189.7,171.1,all P =0.000).The plasma Lp -PLA2 level of A group was positively correlated with D -dimer(r =0.692,P 252g/mL forecast hypertension stroke risk sensitivity was 83.3% and specificity was 98.6%,the plasma Lp -PLA2 >176.36ng/mL forecast hypertension stroke risk sen-sitivity was 92.9% and specificity was 83.1%,and the combined prediction of hypertension stroke risk sensitivity was 87.6%,specificity was 93.5%.Conclusion The plasma levels of Lp -PLA2 and D -dimer are significantly increased in hypertensive patients with stroke,and the combined detection of the two indicators can improve the prediction of stroke risk in patients with hypertension.

Effects of preventive antidepressant application on prognosis and serum BDNF level of acute cerebral infarction / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the effect of preventive antidepressants application on the prognosis of and serum brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) level in acute cerebral infarction(ACI).Methods One hundred and forty-one patients with ACI were prospectively and randomly selected.Seventy-two cases in the intervention group was added with sertraline for 12 weeks on the basis of the routine therapy,while 69 cases in the control group only used the routine therapy.The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to evaluate the nervous function impairment degree and daily living ability.The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 was used to evaluate the emotion after stroke.The cognition function was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).The BDNF level was detected by using the double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The NIHSS and HAMD scores after 3-month treatment were (1.77±0.58)points and (5.43±1.77)points in the intervention group,and (4.06±0.79)points and(10.27±3.78)points in the control group,which were significantly decreased compared with before treatment(P＜0.05);the BI value in the intervention group and control group were (96.24±4.58) and (77.64±6.96),which weresignificantly increased compared with before treatment (P＜0.05),and serum BDNF levels were (8.38±0.74)ng/mL and (5.72 ±0.67)ng/mL respectively,which were significantly increased compared with before treatment,moreover the change in the intervention group was more obvious than that in the control group (P＜0.05).The MMSE score had no statistical difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).The PSD occurrence rate was 10.0％ in the intervention group,which was significantly decreased compared with 53.6％ in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Preventive antidepressants application in the patients with ACI can increase the serum BDNF level,improves the prognosis and is worth promotion and application.

The correlation between copeptin and clinical severity and prognosis in acute cerebral infarction / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the ability of copeptin to predict infarction severity and prognosis after 3 months in patients with acute cerebral infarction .Methods One hundred and thirty‐eight consecutive patients were included with an acute cerebral in‐farction and admitted to the hospital within 72 h .Plasma copeptin levels were measured by double antibody enzyme linked immu‐nosorbent assay and neurological impairment were evaluated by the national institutes of health stroke scale score (NIHSS) after hospitalization .The patients were divided into mild ,moderate and severe groups according to NIHSS score .At the same time ,60 healthy adults were selected as control group .Unfavorable outcome was defined as a modified rankin scale score>2 .The correlation of plasma copeptin levels with 3 month unfavorable outcome was analyzed .Results Upon admission ,plasma copeptin level in pa‐tients was statistically significantly higher than that in healthy controls (P<0 .01) ,the highest was found in severe subgroup (P<0 .05) .Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that copeptin was independently associated with unfavorable outcome within 3 months (OR=4 .403 ,95% CI:1 .120-8 .328 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion Copeptin levels contribute to mirror the initial infarction se‐verity and even bear an association with poor outcome of patients with cerebral infarction within 3 months .

Effects of Electroacupuncture plus Oxygenmedicine on the Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax Proteins in the Hippocampal CA 1 Area in Rats with Global Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury / 针刺研究

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) plus oxygenmedicine (OM) on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the hippocampal CA 1 area in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) rats. Methods Thirty SD rats were randomized into sham-operation,model,EA,OM,EA+OM groups (n=6/group). CI/RI model was established by using modified Pulsinelli 4 vessel occlusion and reperfusion. EA (100 Hz,3.5 mA) was applied to "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) 30 min,once daily for 4 days. Rats of OM and EA+OM groups were put into a box filled with oxygen and atomized herbal medicines containing Bingpian (Borneolum),Shexiang (Moschus),Huangjing (Rhizoma Polygonati),Shouwu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori),etc. for 30 min,once daily for 4 days. Bcl-2 and Bax expression of the hippocampal CA 1 area was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with sham group,the numbers of Bcl-2 immunoreaction (IR) and Bax IR positive cells,and the immunoactivity of Bcl-2 IR and Bax IR positive products in the hippocampal CA 1 area were increased significantly in model group (P0.05). Conclusion EA and OM and EA+OM can effectively regulate the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the hippocampal CA 1 area in CI/RI rats,and the effects of EA+OM are significantly superior to those of simple EA and simple OM,which may contribute to their effect in improving cerebral ischemia.