ABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the relationship between the muscle mass index (MMI) and the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in children and adolescents, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#The current situation study design was adopted, and 1 622 children and adolescents aged 12-17 years old in Yinchuan City were selected by a cluster random sampling method. All subjects were subjected to questionnaire survey, physical examination, body composition determination and laboratory index testing.@*Results@#When other variables were not adjusted, MMI was a risk factor for the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors ( P <0.01). After adjusting for age, gender and BMI, MMI became a protective factor for CVRFs≥1 ( OR =0.74, 95% CI =0.62-0.89), compared with insufficient MMI, the risk of developing CVRFs≥1 with good MMI and sufficient MMI was 0.60(95% CI =0.46-0.79), 0.56(95% CI =0.37- 0.85 ) times. The risk of CVRFs≥2 was 0.54(95% CI =0.37-0.79), 0.51(95% CI =0.30-0.87) times, and similar results were found in boys ( P <0.05). @*Conclusion@#Under the same BMI level, muscle mass index is a protective factor for cardiovascular risk factor aggregation in children and adolescents. Physical exercise of children and adolescents should be emphasized to maintain the best muscle mass and weight.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) overexpression has been shown in various tumor cells including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); moreover, this protein can be actively secreted. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to establish a method to quantify serum YB-1 and evaluate its clinical application in the clinical diagnosis of HCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Recombinant YB-1 and two populations of its antibodies were prepared. A monoclonal antibody was specific to the N-terminus of YB-1 amino acids 134-160; and another was a polyclonal antibody. A sandwich-type chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) was developed and evaluated. Levels of YB-1 and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in serum samples from 105 HCC patients, 25 hepatitis B virus patients, 25 cirrhosis patients, and 50 healthy donors were detected using the established method and an AFP electrochemiluminescence kit. RESULTS: The developed method was linear to 150 µg/L of YB-1 with a minimum detection limit of 0.01 µg/L. The average recoveries were between 93.9% and 109.0%. The mean intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were 4.0-4.8% and 8.2-10.2%, respectively. The relationship between the concentration of diluted YB-1 and the dilution ratios gave a good linear correlation coefficient of 0.9986. The YB-1 concentration was increased in serum of HCC patients (33.0 ± 23.39 µg/L) compared to healthy individuals (13.2 ± 5.29 µg/L, P < 0.0001), patients with HBV (17.9 ± 7.49 µg/L, P = 0.0003), and patients with HBV cirrhosis (20.7 ± 8.75 µg/L, P < 0.05). Moreover, the combination of YB-1 and alpha-fetoprotein had a high sensitivity (89.5%) and reasonable specificity (62.0%) in identifying HCC. CONCLUSIONS: The established method has an acceptable performance in quantifying YB-1. In addition, serum YB-1 may aid in the diagnosis of HCC.
