Formation of 5α-Sitostan-3-one, 5α-Campestan-3-one, and Steroidal Hydrocarbons in Edible Oils during Catalytic Hydrogenation.

Targeted analysis confirmed the presence of new phytosterol degradation products in fully hydrogenated commercial samples. EI-MS, APCI-MS, and 1D-NMR experiments led to the identification of 10 novel markers of catalytic hydrogenation, among which 5α-sitostan-3-one and 5α-campestan-3-one, isomers of saturated and monounsaturated steroidal hydrocarbons, were reported in edible oils for the first time. Examination of the phytosterol degradation mechanism was done by the catalytic transfer deuteration technique. The mitigation strategy of potentially detrimental compounds included optimization of processing parameters. The effect of catalyst dosage (≤0.1% based on Ni basis) and temperature region (>180 °C) were the most crucial factors in phytosterol degradation control.

Novel acyl thiourea derivatives: Synthesis, antifungal activity, gene toxicity, drug-like and molecular docking screening.

Nine novel acyl thioureas were synthesized. Their identities and purities were confirmed by LC-MS spectra; each structure was elucidated by elemental analysis, IR, 1 Н and 13 C NMR spectra. Applying an in vitro screening of their antifungal potential, three substances (3, 5, and 6) could be selected as showing high activity against 11 fungi and 3 Phytophthora strains of phytopathogenic significance. Analysis of gene toxicity with the Salmonella reverse mutagenicity test, as an assessment of drug likeness, lipophilicity, and calculations of frontier molecular orbitals assign a low toxicity profile to these compounds. Molecular docking studies point to 14α-demethylase (CYP51) and N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) as possible fungal targets for growth inhibition. The findings are discussed with respect to structure-activity relationship (SAR).