ABSTRACT
The role of nitric oxide (NO) from vascular endothelium in the control of GnRH release at the median eminence (ME) level is well established. Interactions between NPY receptor/endothelium/nitric oxide are clearly demonstrated. While several studies implicate NPY Y1 receptor in the control of GnRH/LH at the time of the preovulatory LH surge, our results also demonstrate the importance of NPY Y2 receptor in the control of GnRH release via endothelial NO. We conclude that NPY may be one of the elements implicated in the generation of the spontaneous NO/GnRH via Y2 receptor located on endothelium.
Subject(s)
Arginine/analogs & derivatives , Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism , Median Eminence/metabolism , Neuropeptide Y/metabolism , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Receptors, Neuropeptide Y/genetics , Animals , Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology , Arginine/pharmacology , Benzazepines/pharmacology , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Estrous Cycle/physiology , Female , Median Eminence/drug effects , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Radioimmunoassay , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Neuropeptide Y/antagonists & inhibitors , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
A 2-month study was carried out to compare the efficacy and safety of Berodual (B) (Boehringer Ingelheim) and salbutamol (S) in asthma. B is a combined agent with 20 micrograms of ipratropium bromide and 50 micrograms of fenoterol in each metered aerosol puff. Each puff of S contained 100 micrograms of drug. 196 patients were included in the study and received 4 x 2 puffs a day of either B or S. FEV1 and FVC were measured every month, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) 4 times a day, i.e. morning and evening before and after administration of drug. Improvement of PEFR was the same in the two groups. No tachyphylaxis occurred. No difference was observed between the two drugs with regard to heart and respiratory rate, dyspnea and blood pressure. Tremor seemed less frequent with B but this difference was not statistically significant. B achieved the same effects as S though containing less beta-2-agonist agent.
Subject(s)
Albuterol/therapeutic use , Asthma/drug therapy , Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Fenoterol/therapeutic use , Ipratropium/therapeutic use , Aerosols , Albuterol/administration & dosage , Asthma/physiopathology , Bronchodilator Agents/administration & dosage , Drug Combinations , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Fenoterol/administration & dosage , Forced Expiratory Volume , Humans , Ipratropium/administration & dosage , Peak Expiratory Flow RateABSTRACT
O ambroxol é um "modificador do muco". O objetivo do nosso estudo foi determinar sua eficácia clínica no tratamento da estase brônquica, através da realizaçäo de dois estudos duplo-cegos sucessivos em dois grupos paralelos de pacientes, comparando o ambroxol com placebo, em tratamento de 10 dias. O primeiro ensaio, envolvendo 60 pacientes tratados com 120 mg de ambroxol diariamente, mostrou diferenças significativas (p<0.05) no volume do esputo, viscosidade do esputo, dificuldade de expectoraçäo e intensidade da tosse, quando comparados com o grupo placebo. Os dois grupos de pacientes estavam inicialmente bem pareados e a droga foi bem tolerada. Em um segundo ensaio envolvendo 60 novos pacientes tratados com 30 mg de ambroxol diariamente, a droga näo mostrou efeitos clínicos claros. Concluímos que o ambroxol é um "modificador do muco" eficaz e é bem tolerado na dose de 120 mg/dia
Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Ambroxol/administration & dosage , Bronchial Diseases/drug therapy , Double-Blind MethodABSTRACT
Mucosolvan is a 'mucus-modifier' whose active compound is ambroxol. The aim of our research was to determine its clinical efficacy in the treatment of bronchial stasis by carrying out two successive double-blind studies in two parallel groups of patients and comparing ambroxol with placebo in a treatment lasting 10 days. The first trial involving 60 patients daily treated with 120 mg of ambroxol showed significant differences (p less than 0.05) in sputum volume, sputum viscosity, difficulty of expectoration, and severity of cough when compared with the placebo group. The two groups of patients were initially well matched and the drug was well tolerated. In a second trial involving 60 new patients daily treated with 30 mg of ambroxol, the drug showed no clear clinical effects. We conclude that ambroxol is an effective 'mucus modifier' and is well tolerated at a dose of 120 mg/day.
Subject(s)
Ambroxol/therapeutic use , Bromhexine/analogs & derivatives , Bronchial Diseases/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Ambroxol/administration & dosage , Clinical Trials as Topic , Cough/drug therapy , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sputum/drug effects , ViscosityABSTRACT
The elimination kinetics of organochlorine compounds (DDE, lindane, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide and heptachlor) from day 2 to day 10 of breast feeding was studied in 39 volunteers who had a baby in the Maternity Department in Nancy. If there was any contamination of the mothers' milk with DDT, the levels were below the level of detection. In contrast, contamination with DDE was high (112.6 ng/g fat content) on day 2, although it decreased rapidly, to 38.6 ng/g by day 3. On day 2, contamination with lindane, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide and heptachlor averaged 43.8, 23.5, 25.4 and 7.4 ng/g fat, respectively, and the levels showed a linear decrease on subsequent days in all cases except that of heptachlor, for which no significant negative correlation with time could be demonstrated. A breast-fed infant thus absorbs measurable quantities of pesticides but not in excess of the acceptable daily doses. Levels of contamination of human milk in France are lower than those reported in Canadian and Italian studies but are higher than the levels in formulated milk.
Subject(s)
Insecticides/metabolism , Milk, Human/metabolism , Aldrin/metabolism , Breast Feeding , Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/metabolism , Female , Heptachlor/metabolism , Heptachlor Epoxide/metabolism , Hexachlorocyclohexane/metabolism , Humans , KineticsABSTRACT
In order to assess prevalences, characteristics and risk factors of malnutrition and anemia, a clinical and biological study was undertaken at Lamentin hospital in 100 hospitalized children aged 6 months to 6 years. Forty seven p. cent of children were underweight and 38 p. cent were anemic. Anemia and iron deficiency predominated in the under-24-month age group, whereas wasting was the dominate finding in older children. Under 2 years of age, risk factors for wasting and anemia were associated with method of breastfeeding. Over 2 years of age, low birthweight was the only risk factor of wasting identified. In Martinique, nutritional deficiency is common in children admitted to hospital and a high index of suspicion is indicated in the hospitalized population. Following the resolution of infections, supplemental iron therapy must be considered for a great number of children under 2 years of age.
