Effect of irrigation protocols on smear layer removal, bond strength and nanoleakage of fiber posts using a self-adhesive resin cement.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the application method of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and its influence on the adhesion of fiberglass posts cemented with a self-adhesive resin cement. Materials and Methods: Sixty human mandibular premolars were endodontically treated and divided into 5 groups (n = 12), according to the canal irrigant and its application method: 2 groups with conventional syringe irrigation (CSI)-2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (control) and 2% CHX- and 3 groups with 2% CHX irrigation/activation-by passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Easy Clean file, and XP-Endo Finisher file. Two roots per group were evaluated for smear layer (SL) removal by scanning electron microscopy. For other roots, fiber posts were luted using a self-adhesive resin cement. The roots were sectioned into 6 slices for push-out bond strength (BS) (7/group) and nanoleakage (NL) (3/group). Data from SL removal were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls tests (α = 0.05). Data from BS and NL were evaluated by 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: For SL removal and BS, the CHX irrigation/activation promoted better values than CSI with CHX (p < 0.05), but it was not significantly different from CSI with NaOCl (p > 0.05). For NL, the lowest values were obtained by the chlorhexidine irrigation/activation groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Active 2% CHX irrigation can be used to improve the post space cleaning and adhesion before fiber post cementation with self-adhesive resin cements.

Effect of dentin moisture on the adhesive properties of luting fiber posts using adhesive strategies.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dentin moisture (moist and dry) on the bonding of fiber posts to root dentin with different adhesive strategies (etch-and-rinse, self-etch, and self-adhesive). Seventy-two extracted single-rooted human teeth were endodontically treated and divided into six groups (n = 12) according to the moisture of dentin surface and adhesive systems as follows: a) etch-and-rinse/moist, b) etch-and-rinse/dry, c) self-etch/moist, d) self-etch/dry, e) self-adhesive/moist, and 6) self-adhesive/dry. The specimens were sectioned into six slices for push-out bond strength (BS), nanoleakage (NL) by SEM, and Vickers microhardness (VHN) of the resin cement. A universal testing machine (AG-I, Shimadzu Autograph) was used at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until post extrusion, with a load cell of 50 kg for evaluation of the push-out strength. Data on BS, NL, and VHN were evaluated by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Dentin moisture as the main factor was not significantly different for the push-out test. However, higher BS values can be observed for the etch-and-rinse group. A lower percentage of NL was found in the dry dentin groups. The moisture pattern was not significant in the hardness values for the pre-etching groups. Additional moisture did not increase the evaluated properties.

Effect of dentin moisture on the adhesive properties of luting fiber posts using adhesive strategies

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dentin moisture (moist and dry) on the bonding of fiber posts to root dentin with different adhesive strategies (etch-and-rinse, self-etch, and self-adhesive). Seventy-two extracted single-rooted human teeth were endodontically treated and divided into six groups (n = 12) according to the moisture of dentin surface and adhesive systems as follows: a) etch-and-rinse/moist, b) etch-and-rinse/dry, c) self-etch/moist, d) self-etch/dry, e) self-adhesive/moist, and 6) self-adhesive/dry. The specimens were sectioned into six slices for push-out bond strength (BS), nanoleakage (NL) by SEM, and Vickers microhardness (VHN) of the resin cement. A universal testing machine (AG-I, Shimadzu Autograph) was used at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until post extrusion, with a load cell of 50 kg for evaluation of the push-out strength. Data on BS, NL, and VHN were evaluated by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Dentin moisture as the main factor was not significantly different for the push-out test. However, higher BS values can be observed for the etch-and-rinse group. A lower percentage of NL was found in the dry dentin groups. The moisture pattern was not significant in the hardness values for the pre-etching groups. Additional moisture did not increase the evaluated properties.

Effect of the application of different concentrations of Edta on the adhesion of fiber posts using self-adhesive cements

Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the application of different concentrations of EDTA on the adhesion of fiber posts to root dentin using self-adhesive resin cements. After endodontic treatment, 78 single roots were randomly divided into six groups (n = 13) according to the combination of the following factors: surface dentin treatment - control (distilled water), 17% EDTA and 24% EDTA; and self-adhesive resin cement - RelyX U200 (RX); and Multilink Speed (ML). After fiber post cementation, six slices were obtained for each root. Ten roots of each group were used for bond strength (BS) and three for microhardness (MH) evaluations. Data obtained from BS and MH tests for each resin cement were subjected to two-way ANOVA (surface treatment vs. root region) and to a post-hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The lowest BS value was observed in the 24% EDTA group for RX cement, whereas the highest values for ML cement were observed for the control group in the middle and apical regions. In the MH test, the lowest value for RX was observed for 24% EDTA in the cervical region, whereas and the highest value for the ML cement was observed in the control group. Regarding both self-adhesive resin cements tested, the application of 24% EDTA was not able to improve the adhesion of fiber posts to root canal.

Effect of the application of different concentrations of EDTA on the adhesion of fiber posts using self-adhesive cements.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the application of different concentrations of EDTA on the adhesion of fiber posts to root dentin using self-adhesive resin cements. After endodontic treatment, 78 single roots were randomly divided into six groups (n = 13) according to the combination of the following factors: surface dentin treatment - control (distilled water), 17% EDTA and 24% EDTA; and self-adhesive resin cement - RelyX U200 (RX); and Multilink Speed (ML). After fiber post cementation, six slices were obtained for each root. Ten roots of each group were used for bond strength (BS) and three for microhardness (MH) evaluations. Data obtained from BS and MH tests for each resin cement were subjected to two-way ANOVA (surface treatment vs. root region) and to a post-hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The lowest BS value was observed in the 24% EDTA group for RX cement, whereas the highest values for ML cement were observed for the control group in the middle and apical regions. In the MH test, the lowest value for RX was observed for 24% EDTA in the cervical region, whereas and the highest value for the ML cement was observed in the control group. Regarding both self-adhesive resin cements tested, the application of 24% EDTA was not able to improve the adhesion of fiber posts to root canal.

Effect of Root Canal Irrigants on Fiber Post Bonding Using Self-adhesive Composite Cements.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of different irrigation solutions on the bonding of self-adhesive composite cements to the root canal during fiber-post cementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty single-rooted human teeth were endodontically treated. The post spaces were prepared and specimens were randomly divided into ten groups, according to the combination of the factors: post space irrigation (distilled water, 2.5% NaOCl, 17% EDTA, 26% polyacrylic acid, and 17% EDTA + 2.5% NaOCl) and self-adhesive composite cement (RelyX U200 [3M Oral Care] and Multilink Speed [Ivoclar Vivadent]). The proportion of open dentinal tubules was evaluated by SEM. After fiber post cementation, six slices were obtained from each root (coronal, middle, and apical thirds) for evaluation of push-out bond strength (BS), nanoleakage (NL), and Vickers microhardness (VHN) of the composite cement. Data from open dentinal tubules were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls tests (α = 0.05). Data from BS, NL, and VHN were evaluated by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Irrigation with EDTA, polyacrylic acid, and EDTA + NaOCl increased the proportion of open dentinal tubules. For RelyX U200, NaOCl, distilled water and EDTA resulted in the highest BS and VHN values, while for Multi- link Speed, these values were higher only for distilled water. Both composite cements presented lower BS and VHN with polyacrylic acid. NL did not differ between experimental groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: For both composite cements tested, distilled water showed better results in push-out and microhardness tests.

A didática no ensino odontológico: percepções de docentes / Didactics in Dental education: professors' perceptions

Durante a trajetória acadêmica, os docentes são expostos a diversos desafios e dificuldades. A fim de superá-los, necessitam desenvolver habilidades específicas, em especial, a capacidade didática. O objetivo desta pesquisa exploratória descritiva foi investigar as perspectivas dos docentes de Odontologia, considerando momentos distintos de suas carreiras. A amostra constituiu-se de professores da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa com até cinco anos de experiência universitária e com experiência superior a cinco anos. Do número total de participantes (53), apenas seis possuíam até 5 anos de atuação, portanto, foi sorteado, aleatoriamente, o mesmo número de questionários de professores com mais de 5 anos, para manter a similaridade entre os grupos. Os voluntários receberam um questionário aberto, semiestruturado e autoaplicável sobre a temática "Didática no ensino superior: desafios e perspectivas". Para a compilação e análise dos dados foram realizadas as técnicas do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) e nuvens de palavras. Observou-se que os assuntos que receberam maior ênfase pelos professores foram o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e o relacionamento professor-aluno, principalmente quando associados a dificuldades. Conclui-se que, apesar de semelhantes, as perspectivas quanto ao exercício da docência no curso de Odontologia divergem em alguns pontos. Suas preocupações possuem diferentes focos, porém ambos os grupos revelaram sentir as mesmas dificuldades (AU).

Professors at higher education programs are exposed to challenges and obstacles. In order to overcome them, they need to develop specific skills, especially the art of teaching. The aim of this exploratory descriptive study was to investigate the perspectives of professors of Dentistry, considering different moments of their careers. The sample consisted of professors with up to five years or more than five years of teaching experience at the Ponta Grossa State University. 53 volunteers were interviewed, but from these, only six professors had up to five years of experience. Therefore, the same number of questionnaires from the group with more than five years of practice was randomized, to keep both groups similar. Participants answered an open, semi-structured and self-administered questionnaire on "Teaching in higher education: challenges and perspectives". The Discourse of the Collective Subject method (DCS) and word clouds were used for data compilation and analysis. The results showed that the questions regarding the relationship between professor and student and the teaching-learning process were highlighted. We conclude that, despite being similar, the perspectives around the teaching practice diverge in some points. Professors' concerns have different approaches, however, they face the same difficulties, no matter how experient they are (AU).

Visitas domiciliares: vivenciando o emprego das diretrizes curriculares na odontologia, da teoria à pratica / Home visits: experiencing the employment of curriculum guidelines in dentistry, from theory to practice

Desenvolvido pela Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), em parceria com a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e o Ministério da Saúde, o Programa de Reorientação da Formação Profissional em Saúde (PRÓ/Saúde), associado ao Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde), tem oportunizado a realização de estágios-vivência em equipes multiprofissionais, com a iniciativa de consolidar a integração ensino-serviçocomunidade. Em relação à Odontologia, os acadêmicos petianos têm tido a oportunidade de conviver com colegas de outros cursos de graduação e de vislumbrar a integralidade do cuidado e demais princípios do SUS na prática. Uma das atividades dos grupos PET-Saúde são as visitas domiciliares na comunidade assistida pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) local. Tais visitas têm propiciado o exercício das competências preconizadas pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os acadêmicos de odontologia. Este trabalho apresenta a vivência dos acadêmicos nas visitas domiciliares e relata como dois casos clínicos singulares permitiram aos acadêmicos envolvidos o exercício do perfil generalista e humanista e a capacitação de atuar multiprofissionalmente. Reconhecendo a realidade social dos pacientes, buscou-se explicar a importância do tratamento e os procedimentos que seriam realizados, obtendo-se sucesso nas intervenções. As visitas domiciliares como uma das estratégias de trabalho do PRO/PET-Saúde na UEPG permitiram a convivência com situações socioeconômicas distintas, o entendimento do contexto social vivido pelas famílias e a aplicação prática do conhecimento teórico adquirido no curso. Os programas PRO/PET-Saúde na UEPG têm se mostrado como importantes ferramentas para o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades e estímulo para a inserção futura dos egressos no Sistema Único de Saúde (AU).

Developed by the State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG) , in partnership with the City Department of Health and the Ministry of Health , the Program Reorientation of Vocational Training in Health (PRO/Health) , associated with the Education Program through Health Work (PETHealth) has given the opportunity of placements survival in multidisciplinary teams , with the initiative to consolidate the integration between teaching-service and community. Regarding Dentistry, petianos students had the opportunity to interact with colleagues from other graduate programs and glimmer a comprehensive care and other SUS principles in practice. One of the activities of the PET - Health groups are home visits in the community assisted by the local Family Health Strategy (ESF). Such visits have led to the exercise of powers envisaged by the National Curriculum Guidelines for dentistry students. This work presents the students' experiences in home visits and tells how two unique clinical cases allowed the academics involved the exercise of general and humanistic profile and capacity to act multiprofessional. Recognizing the social reality of patients , trying to explain the importance of treatment and procedures that would be performed , obtaining success in the interventions . Home visiting as a strategy for job PRO/PET - Health in UEPG allowed to live with different socioeconomic situations, understanding the social context experienced by families and the practical application of theoretical knowledge acquired in the course. The PRO/PET - Health in UEPG programs have been shown to be important tools for the development of skills and abilities and encouragement for the future integration of graduates into the Unified Health System (AU).