Three COVID-19 cases with a long-term viral shedding period in Tunisia.

Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a public health emergency of international concern. This was first emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and then has become widespread all over the world. We report 3 cases (2 imported cases and 1 local case) with documented viral shedding (based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing) of SARS-CoV-2 for 55, 59 and 63 days. Viral shedding duration was defined as the date of return from the COVID-19 pandemic countries for imported cases and from the first positive RT-PCR test for local cases, up to the second negative nasopharyngeal RT-PCR swab. These cases demonstrate that viral shedding after COVID-19 diagnosis can be prolonged.

[Semi-quantitative ergonomic analysis of the biomechanical constraints within the cervical spine among screen-operators in the Tunisian universities]. / Analyse ergonomique semi-quantitative des contraintes biomécaniques du rachis cervical parmi les opérateurs sur écran dans les établissements universitaires tunisiens.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to evaluate the biomechanical constraints associated with neck pain among screen-operators. METHODS: We conducted an ergonomic study of 325 screen-operators in 25 Tunisian universities based on an anthropometric evaluation of on-screen work and on a semi-quantitative analysis of video recordings of the activities of employees over a representative period of 30 minutes. RESULTS: The prevalence of neck pain was 72.3% in a working population who had to seat in an unsuitable chair and to use an unsuitable worktop (84.6%) and a screen too low with regard to horizontal gaze (81.2%). A semi-quantitative analysis, using video recording of the workstation, concluded that the nape flexed more than 40 degrees for 69% of overall working time. Lateral flexion was observed for 50.3% of working time and right or left rotation for 57.4% of working time. Thus, the most limiting head posture on a postural and gestural level was observed when screen-operators read on a computer screen, had an incorrect positioning of the keyboard and consulted documents. CONCLUSION: Our results highlight the importance of biomechanical constraints associated with a design of on-screen work which is not in accordance with the ergonomically recommended anthropometric dimensions. These constraints are associated with a high prevalence of neck pain, reflecting the need to ensure an ergonomic design of workstations in order to prevent this problems.