Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the mSQUASH into Spanish.

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of outcome measures for the assessment of physical activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). For this matter, the modified Short QUestionnaire to Assess Health (mSQUASH) was developed and validated, originally in Dutch. OBJECTIVE: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the mSQUASH into Spanish and to evaluate the equivalence of the translated version in patients with axSpA. METHODS: The mSQUASH was translated following forward-backward procedure according to the protocol of Beaton. Two bi-lingual translators produced independent forward translations of the mSQUASH into Spanish, and the versions were harmonized in a consensual version. Another translator back translated the synthesized version into Dutch. A scientific committee reached consensus on discrepancies and developed a pre-final version of the questionnaire. The field test with cognitive debriefing involved 10 patients with axSpA with different gender, age, disease duration, educational level and working status. RESULTS: The translation process of the mSQUASH was completed without major issues. The first translation needed several iterations due to small discrepancies in the wording. Back-translation was performed without difficulties, and the scientific committee agreed upon a final version of the questionnaire. Cognitive debriefing showed the Spanish questionnaire to be clear, relevant, understandable and comprehensive. The preliminary version was accepted with minor modifications. CONCLUSIONS: The resulting Spanish version of the mSQUASH showed good linguistic and face validity according to the field test, revealing potential for use in clinical practice and research. In order to conclude the cross-cultural adaptation of the mSQUASH into Spanish, the next step is the assessment of psychometric properties of the Spanish version.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the mSQUASH into Spanish / Traducción y adaptación transcultural del mSQUASH al español

Background: There is a lack of outcome measures for the assessment of physical activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). For this matter, the modified Short QUestionnaire to Assess Health (mSQUASH) was developed and validated, originally in Dutch. Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the mSQUASH into Spanish and to evaluate the equivalence of the translated version in patients with axSpA. Methods: The mSQUASH was translated following forward-backward procedure according to the protocol of Beaton. Two bi-lingual translators produced independent forward translations of the mSQUASH into Spanish, and the versions were harmonized in a consensual version. Another translator back translated the synthesized version into Dutch. A scientific committee reached consensus on discrepancies and developed a pre-final version of the questionnaire. The field test with cognitive debriefing involved 10 patients with axSpA with different gender, age, disease duration, educational level and working status. Results: The translation process of the mSQUASH was completed without major issues. The first translation needed several iterations due to small discrepancies in the wording. Back-translation was performed without difficulties, and the scientific committee agreed upon a final version of the questionnaire. Cognitive debriefing showed the Spanish questionnaire to be clear, relevant, understandable and comprehensive. The preliminary version was accepted with minor modifications. Conclusions: The resulting Spanish version of the mSQUASH showed good linguistic and face validity according to the field test, revealing potential for use in clinical practice and research. In order to conclude the cross-cultural adaptation of the mSQUASH into Spanish, the next step is the assessment of psychometric properties of the Spanish version. (AU)

Antecedentes: Las medidas de resultado para la evaluación de la actividad física en pacientes con espondiloartritis axial (EspAax) son escasas. Por ello, se desarrolló y validó el modified Short QUestionnaire to Assess Health (mSQUASH), originalmente en holandés. Objetivo: Desarrollar el proceso de traducción y adaptación transcultural del mSQUASH al español, y evaluar la equivalencia de la versión traducida en pacientes con EspAax. Métodos: El mSQUASH se tradujo siguiendo el procedimiento adelante-atrás según el protocolo de Beaton. Dos traductores bilingües realizaron traducciones directas independientes del mSQUASH al español, y las versiones se armonizaron en una versión consensuada. Otro traductor volvió a traducir la versión sintetizada al holandés. Un comité científico llegó a un consenso sobre las discrepancias y elaboró una versión pre-final del cuestionario. En las entrevistas cognitivas participaron 10 pacientes con EspAax de diferente sexo, edad, duración de la enfermedad, nivel educativo y situación laboral. Resultados: El proceso de traducción del mSQUASH se completó sin problemas mayores. La primera traducción necesitó varias iteraciones debido a pequeñas discrepancias en la redacción. La traducción inversa se realizó sin dificultades y el comité científico acordó la versión final del cuestionario. La evaluación cognitiva demostró que el cuestionario en español era claro, pertinente, comprensible y completo. La versión preliminar fue aceptada con pequeñas modificaciones. Conclusiones: La versión española resultante del mSQUASH mostró una buena validez lingüística y aparente, revelando potencial para su uso en práctica clínica e investigación. Para concluir la adaptación transcultural del mSQUASH al español, el siguiente paso es la evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española. (AU)

Coping with rheumatic stressors (CORS) questionnaire: Spanish translation and cross-cultural adaptation.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (RMDs) substantially impact the lives of patients, with complex associations between disease severity and self-perceived health status. In this regard, the Coping with Rheumatic Stressors (CORS) questionnaire was developed to measure how patients with RMDs cope with stressors such as pain, limitations or dependency. The CORS is not currently available in Spanish, and therefore the adaptation of this instrument is needed. OBJECTIVE: First, to cross-culturally adapt the CORS into Spanish for Spain. Secondly, to test the conceptual equivalence of the translated version in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). METHODS: A translation of the CORS into Spanish was performed adhering to the forward-backward procedure described by Beaton. Two translators produced independent forward translations of the item content, response options, and instructions of the CORS into Spanish. Both versions were harmonized in a consensual version. Another translator back-translated the synthesized version into Dutch. A scientific committee including all the translators, one methodologist and a rheumatologist, held a meeting and reached consensus on discrepancies to develop a final draft version of the Spanish CORS. Then, a field test with cognitive debriefing was conducted, involving a sample of 10 patients with axSpA. RESULTS: The translation process of the CORS was completed after the discussion of some discrepancies throughout the process. The first translation was done without major complications. Back-translation presented some discrepancies. These led to minor modifications in the wording in one response option and 15 questionnaire items. The scientific committee agreed upon a final version of the questionnaire. Cognitive debriefing, led to minor modifications; for example, three respondents indicated that one of the statements in the instructions was syntactically complex ("indique cuán a menudo usted ha llevado a cabo dicho comportamiento") which led to its adjustment. The process indicated that the final CORS Spanish questionnaire was clear and understandable to all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the CORS showed good cross-cultural validity and good face validity according to the field test. Before the Spanish CORS is implemented, further validation is in progress to test the psychometric properties of the instrument in patients with axSpA.