ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: While accelerated ageing is recognised among individuals with Down syndrome (DS), the trajectory of their bone health across adulthood remains poorly understood. METHODS: This study aimed to determine the age-related loss of bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine in 128 adults with DS aged 18 to 54 years compared with 723 counterparts without DS. RESULTS: Men and women with DS had lower level of BMD than counterparts without DS across age groups. Magnitude of decrement in BMD as reflected in the z-scores was similar between younger and older men with DS. Older women with DS, on the contrary, showed greater decrement in older ages especially in their fourth decade of life. Osteopenia and osteoporosis as defined using age-specific and gender-specific T-scores affected greater number of men with DS (38% and 25%) than women (17% and 17%) aged 40-49 years. CONCLUSIONS: Findings supported adults with DS, especially men, to have early bone mineral testing.
Subject(s)
Aging, Premature/diagnostic imaging , Bone Density , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/diagnostic imaging , Down Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Absorptiometry, Photon , Adolescent , Adult , Aging, Premature/complications , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology , Down Syndrome/complications , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Osteoporosis/diagnostic imaging , Osteoporosis/etiology , Sex Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
New borate-mixed crystals of type (NH4)1-x KxB5O8 were grown from aqueous solution by slow solvent evaporation method. The mixed crystals were confirmed by atomic absorption studies (AAS) and characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman), optical absorption and solubility studies. The second harmonic generation efficiencies of the parent and mixed crystals were studied and compared with that of KDP.
