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1.
Niger J Clin Pract ; 18(5): 690-2, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26096252

ABSTRACT

A triad of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly and growth retardation occurring in tandem with zinc deficiency has been reported in the past as components of either Prasad's syndrome or hypopituitarism. There are no documented cases of such triad occurring in the presence of normal serum zinc levels. We report a case of a 14-year-old boy who presented with iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, geophagia and growth retardation with pubertal delay. Investigations ruled out hypopituitarism and coeliac disease. The patient improved dramatically and attained puberty within 15 months of intense nutritional intervention. In conclusion, iron deficiency anemia occurring in the triad without zinc deficiency as seen in this case report has not been reported before; this calls for more research to be able to explain the findings.


Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diagnosis , Hepatomegaly/diagnosis , Iron/administration & dosage , Puberty, Delayed , Splenomegaly/diagnosis , Zinc/deficiency , Adolescent , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diet therapy , Growth Disorders , Humans , Male , Syndrome , Treatment Outcome , Zinc/blood
2.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 18(3): 328-34, 2014 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24670571

ABSTRACT

SETTING: Four public hospitals in Botswana, a high tuberculosis (TB) burden setting. OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility and utility of sputum induction in the diagnosis of paediatric TB. DESIGN: From 2008 to 2010, children aged ≤18 years referred for suspected pulmonary TB underwent sputum induction. Confirmed TB was defined as the presence of at least one of the signs and symptoms suggestive of TB and positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture. Information on TB-associated symptoms (cough, fatigue, night sweats, low appetite, chest pain, weight loss, haemoptysis and contact with a TB case) was collected for three risk groups: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive children, HIV-negative children aged <3 years and HIV-negative children aged ≥3 years. RESULTS: The median age of the 1394 subjects who underwent sputum induction was 3.8 years (IQR 1.3-8.4); 373 (27%) were HIV-positive, 419 (30%) were HIV-negative and 602 (43%) had unknown HIV status. TB was confirmed in 84 (6.0%); cases were more likely to have weight loss, chest pain or TB household contacts. There were no serious complications attributable to sputum induction during and after the procedure; only 0.8% (9/1174) of patients reported minor complications. CONCLUSIONS: In Botswana, paediatric sputum induction was feasible, safe and assisted bacteriological confirmation in a subgroup of children treated for TB.


Subject(s)
Bacteriological Techniques , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Sputum/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology , Adolescent , Age Factors , Botswana/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Coinfection , Feasibility Studies , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Hospitals, Public , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Predictive Value of Tests , Program Development , Program Evaluation , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology
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