ABSTRACT
Laser Vision Correction (LVC) is an elective, self-pay and safe surgical procedure to correct myopia and hyperopia. Since FDA approval 25 years ago, there have been a progression of technological improvements leading to better outcomes and LVC is now one of the safest surgical procedures. With a potential pool of 50 million patients, 6000 trained ophthalmic surgeons regularly treating in over 1000 centers of which 65% are physician owned. Treatments remain low from an earlier peak of 1.4 million to less than 800,000 over last 10 years. The factors preventing patients undergoing surgery have not changed and include the cost of $2000 ± $1000 per eye and fear of laser surgery on their eyes. The latter is overcome by word of mouth referrals and positive social media messaging. In addition, press misinformation and lack of optometrists participating in co-management have not helped grow LVC procedures despite the positive results of the FDA's Patient Reported Outcomes with LASIK studies known as PROWL. The surgery is quick, and patients can be "in and out" in less than two hours with a rapid recovery, minimal postoperative restrictions and within 24 hours have 20/20 vision. Volume and price drives center and physician profitability with a scheduling capacity of two to four patients' treatments per hour. Laser vision correction and especially LASIK, remains the treatment of choice for myopic and hyperopic patients wanting to remove their dependency on glasses and contact lenses.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to trace the history of woodblocks created in 1542 by Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564). Carved by the Venetian workmen on pear tree boards, the woodblocks were used in the Basel printing of Vesalius' works De Humani Corporis Fabrica and Epitome from 1543, The China Root Epistle (1546), and the frontispiece of the Fabrica, the edition from 1555. The blocks remained with the printer Oporinus in Basel until his death in 1568 when they were sold to the Froben family. The woodblocks reappeared in 1706 in a publication by Maschenbauer and were subsequently used by Leveling in 1783. An incomplete set of woodblocks was moved from Inglostadt to Landshut and then to Munich where Roth in 1885 documented them. At the suggestion of an American physician, Samuel Lambert, the University of Munich found the "missing" woodblocks in the attic. This led Wiegand and the New York Academy of Medicine to publish the woodblocks in the Icones Anatomicae in 1934. The second edition frontispiece was returned to Louvain where it was destroyed by bombing in 1940 and all the remaining woodblocks were destroyed in Allied bombing between 1943 and 1945. Thus, the Vesalius woodblocks travelled a 400-year journey from their creation, through the use in eight publications with over 5000 prints and ended in their tragic destruction.
Subject(s)
Anatomy/history , Medical Illustration/history , Physicians/history , Europe , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to confirm the locations in the United States of America (USA) of the first (1543) and second edition (1555) of the De humani Corporis Fabrica authored by Andreas Vesalius. Contacts were made at institutions of higher learning, museums, libraries and an update of locations of previous studies in 1943 and 1984. A total of 64 copies of the 1543 Fabrica and 58 copies of the 1555 Fabrica were recorded in University and Institutional Libraries in the USA. Twenty-Six (54%) out of 48 locations having both editions. The majority of locations recorded by Cushing in 1943 and subsequently by Horowitz and Collins in 1984 are still in their original collections. Location and dual ownership in private collections were more difficult to locate.
Subject(s)
Anatomy/history , Ownership , Textbooks as Topic/history , History, 16th Century , Humans , Libraries , Museums , Ownership/history , UniversitiesABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the locations of the second edition (1555) of the De Humani Corporis Fabrica written by Vesalius.Contacts were made with institutions of higher learning, museum libraries, and libraries of national collections, libraries of research institutions, cathedral libraries, antique book dealers, trade journals, book auctions and private collectors.A total of 113 copies of the 1555 Fabrica were found in University and Institutional Libraries. Of them, 33 (29%) were in the United Kingdom; 35 (31%) in Europe and 45 (40%) in the USA. Location of the second edition Vesalius in private collections was more difficult to objectively determine and accounts for approximately 10% of the second Edition books in the census.
ABSTRACT
La aplicación endoscópica del Nd: Yag laser en el control del sagrado digestivo está adquiriendo especial significado en un seleccionado grupo de pacientes con alto riesgo. Lesiones mucosas, como los pólipos benignos y malformaciones vasculares pueden ser tratadas exitosamente. En lesiones gastrointestinales obstructivas malignas avanzadas e inoperables, que son accesibles a la visión endoscópica, la cirugía por laser es extremadamente útil como procedimiento paliativo. Los resultados en early cáncer gástrico, endoscópicamente vaporizados son estimulantes. El sistema laser es caro y requiere complejas conexiones de agua y electricidad, además de la asistencia de un técnico competente. Se trata de resolver estos problemas que pueden cambiar dramáticamente el futuro de la endoscopía terapéutica del laser
