Sport and dance interventions for healthy young people (15-24 years) to promote subjective well-being: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To review and assess effectiveness of sport and dance participation on subjective well-being outcomes among healthy young people aged 15-24 years. DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: We searched for studies published in any language between January 2006 and September 2016 on PsychINFO, Ovid MEDLINE, Eric, Web of Science (Arts and Humanities Citation Index, Social Science and Science Citation Index), Scopus, PILOTS, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and International Index to Performing Arts. Additionally, we searched for unpublished (grey) literature via an online call for evidence, expert contribution, searches of key organisation websites and the British Library EThOS database, and a keyword Google search. Published studies of sport or dance interventions for healthy young people aged 15-24 years where subjective well-being was measured were included. Studies were excluded if participants were paid professionals or elite athletes, or if the intervention was clinical sport/dance therapy. Two researchers extracted data and assessed strength and quality of evidence using criteria in the What Works Centre for Wellbeing methods guide and GRADE, and using standardised reporting forms. Due to clinical heterogeneity between studies, meta-analysis was not appropriate. Grey literature in the form of final evaluation reports on empirical data relating to sport or dance interventions were included. RESULTS: Eleven out of 6587 articles were included (7 randomised controlled trials and 1 cohort study, and 3 unpublished grey evaluation reports). Published literature suggests meditative physical activity (yoga and Baduanjin Qigong) and group-based or peer-supported sport and dance has some potential to improve subjective well-being. Grey literature suggests sport and dance improve subjective well-being but identify negative feelings of competency and capability. The amount and quality of published evidence on sport and dance interventions to enhance subjective well-being is low. CONCLUSIONS: Meditative activities, group and peer-supported sport and dance may promote subjective well-being enhancement in youth. Evidence is limited. Better designed studies are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42016048745; Results.

Osteochondroma of the calcaneus presenting as Haglund's deformity.

Haglund's deformity is a symptomatic osseous prominence of the posterosuperior corner of the calcaneus creating posterior heel pain and swelling around the insertion of the Achilles tendon. We have experienced an exceptionally huge Haglund's deformity in a 22-year-old female who initially presented to us with a large painful bony heel mass that had developed over the last decade. We performed the surgical resection of the prominence and the pathology confirmed the diagnosis of calcaneal osteochondroma. To our best knowledge, such a gigantic Haglund's deformity caused by calcaneal osteochondroma has never been reported in any medical literature.

Role of arthroscopic microfracture for cystic type osteochondral lesions of the talus with radiographic enhanced MRI support.

PURPOSE: Comparatively little literature is available on treatment evaluations of individual osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT), such as cystic type OLT. It is also noteworthy that controversy still exists regarding the best primary treatment option for cystic type OLT. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic microfracture of symptomatic cystic type OLT, irrespective of lesion size, and to verify the efficacy of enhanced ankle MRI for predicting the nature of cystic osteochondral lesions. METHODS: In this study, the authors assessed 22 patients with cystic type OLTs, who all underwent arthroscopic debridement and microfracture with a minimum of 18-month follow-up. There were 16 men and 6 women. Median patient age was 40 (20-64) years. Preoperative and postoperative VAS and AOFAS scores were evaluated. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 32 months (18-63), AOFAS scores improved from a median of 69 preoperative (29-88) to 90 postoperative (75-100) (P < 0.05); and VAS scores improved from a mean of 7.0 ± 1.8 to a mean of 1.7 ± 1.9, respectively (P < 0.05). The overall patient satisfaction rate was 86%. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI scans performed on 21 feet all showed enhancement of varying intensities (from low to high) for the cystic OLTs, implying a vasculogenic potential. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that arthroscopic microfracture is a desirable first-line treatment for addressing symptomatic cystic type OLT irrespective of lesion size. Enhanced ankle MRI was also found to be a useful and important for predicting the natures of cystic osteochondral lesions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Case-series, Level IV.